City Of Tangier Research Articles

Assessment of groundwater quality in the region of Hjar Nhal for safe drinking water purposes

This study assesses the groundwater quality in the vicinity of the newly established landfill site in the city of Tangier. A total of 8 wells and 2 water sources within a 2-kilometer radius of the landfill were sampled for analysis. The selection of sampling sites was carefully executed, taking into consideration the flow direction and elevation in the study area to ensure representative results. The study focused on the analysis of 11 physicochemical parameters to evaluate the suitability of the groundwater for drinking and irrigation purposes. Notably, the pH measurements at various points (S1, S2, P4, P7, P8) consistently fell within the WHO's recommended range of 6.5-8.5 for safe drinking water. Conductivity values (μS/cm) were well below the limit of 1000 μS/cm at each location, indicating low levels of dissolved ions. Additionally, the TDS levels (ppm) did not exceed the WHO limit of 500 ppm, further confirming water quality that meets international standards. These findings provide valuable insights into the groundwater quality for safe drinking water and irrigation purposes in the area. The results contribute to informed decision-making and sustainable water resource management practices, ensuring the preservation of local water resources in the context of the landfill's environmental impact.

Trajectories of depoliticization and re-politicization: Petitioning to Moroccan municipalities

ABSTRACT Does the exercise of the right to petition allows citizens to act politically? This paper looks at the practice of presenting institutional petitions to Moroccan municipalities since the inception of this right. It inquires on the ways in which citizens and associations employ petitions to engage with their local government. By discussing the diverse trajectories of citizens’ exercise of the right to petition, this paper will highlight the interdependence of depoliticization and (re-)politicization at the local level. It is based on extensive qualitative and quantitative research on municipal petitions, the process that led to their presentation and their outcome, conducted over 20-months of presence in the field (February 2020 – December 2021). Reviewing the outputs of the petitions presented in the city of Tangier, this paper shows that the performance of the right to petition entails both dynamics of top-down de-politicization and pathways for re-politicization of citizens’ action. Further, the institutionalization of the right to petition and the limits to initiatives’ implementation curtail the political relevance of engagement through petitions. At the same time, it challenges local power balances by creating a frame that allows for further political engagement.

Desain Papan Permainan Tokoh Ibnu Battuta

Ibn Battuta was a Muslim born in the Moroccan population of the Muslim cities of Ibn Battuta, the city of Tangier. Born and raised in the town of Tangier, Ibn Battuta dreamed of traveling to cities far from where he lived. Until he decided to follow the trail of the dream on an expedition. The exploratory story has been written in the book entitled "rihla" but few know of it's existence, and the absence of any visual element found in it. This causes a lack of public interest in reading the story of Ibn Battuta from the book of rihlah. Not a few people are interested in learning the story of Ibn Battuta, but the problem of the lack of information telling the book's existence and the lack of visual elements that are at present a cause for the lack of interest. It could also be an opportunity to inform the public about the story of Ibn Battuta with more interesting delivery. The boardgames is a preferred solution to inform the public of the Ibn Battuta character, because games are one of the popular activities, as well as these games the public can imagine the Ibn Battuta on an exploration route.

Optimising unplanned waste collection: An IoT‐enabled system for smart cities, a case study in Tangier, Morocco

AbstractAn innovative approach to the collection of unplanned municipal waste through the integration of an Internet of Things (IoT) enabled system in urban settings is presented. Despite significant strides in waste management optimisation, traditional systems have largely overlooked the management of occasional or seasonal waste such as green waste, wild dump, and construction debris. The authors seek to address this gap by deploying an IoT‐enabled system to optimise resource utilisation and efficiency. Building on existing infrastructures for real‐time tracking of waste collection circuits, equipment, and bin filling levels, the system incorporates an additional module to manage unpredictable waste categories. The system collects field data leveraging existing resources with minimal investment. To manage the sporadic nature of these waste types, the system employs a flexible approach with the use of sensors and algorithms for dynamic route planning and waste collection. Using the city of Tangier, Morocco, as a case study, a comprehensive methodology for waste location capture, GIS mapping, priority‐based route identification, scenario testing, and operational cost estimation is implemented. A modified version of the Contraction Hierarchies algorithm is applied to compute optimal waste collection paths, ensuring timely and efficient waste removal while minimising environmental impact. The findings from this research promise significant implications for municipal waste collection, particularly in developing countries, opening new possibilities for sustainable waste management practices in smart cities.

The Study of an Energy Management Strategy within a Microgrid with Photovoltaic Production of the <<PROPRE.MA>> Project in the City of Tangier and Integrating V2G Technology

The energy stored in an electric vehicle’s (EV’s) battery would be drawn and distributed to the electrical grid to better drive energy consumption within a microgrid that includes a renewable generator(s) managed by a specific energy management strategy. This concept, known as vehicle-to-grid technology (V2G), makes the energy stored in the electric vehicle’s battery more beneficial by discharging it to the public grid during periods of high demand. In this study, we will consider a vehicle system connected to a microgrid, which includes a photovoltaic generator reported from the <<PROPRE.MA>> project in the city of Tangier, and will elaborate on a strategy of the car connected to the V2G (vehicle to grid) network. This study proposes an optimal energy management strategy within the micro grid to charge the battery of a single electric vehicle during off-peak hours when energy costs are low, and to discharge them for driving purposes during peak hours when the energy cost is high. This is explored through a case study of two scenarios in the form of two different driving profiles of electric vehicles. The goal is to understand the behavior of the system in terms of energy redistribution from the V2G and from G2V (grid to the vehicle), and the contribution of the photovoltaic array reported by the <<PROPRE.MA>> photovoltaic generator in the city of Tangier. This study is conducted in a simplified standard Matlab microgrid with the necessary adaptation for the integration of this project generator into the grid, along with a judicious choice of an EV to ensure more explicit battery behavior in relation to our grid parameters. The simulation covers a single day (24 h). This strategy will manage the solar power, the load power, the state of charge of the EV battery, the time of day, and the driving scenario. Using two driving profiles, we will show the performance of the proposed energy management strategy. On the one hand, the V2G technology depends on the driving profile of the EV user is demonstrated. On the other hand, the 100%, 4.65% and 3.32% contributions of the 6 kW photovoltaic generator of the project <<PROPRE.MA>> in the city of Tangier are demonstrated. This contribution covers the load demand for charging of the battery of the electric vehicle that does not have the possibility to charge at work, as well as charging of the battery of the electric vehicle that can be charged at work.

Leachate Monitoring and an Assessment of Groundwater Pollution from the Tangier Landfill

Leachate from public landfill in the city of Tangier, which is neither collected nor treated, could constitute a probable source of pollution of the groundwater table and of those of the Mlalah and Khandak Bou Hajjar wadis in the east, and the Mghogha and Ghir Boudra wadis to the south.This work aims to analyze the level of contamination at Tangier’s municipal waste disposal. The leachate samples were collected and analyzed during the period from 2016 to 2019 and the physicochemical parameters (humidity, pH, organic matter, etc.) were determined on these samples as well as the contents of five heavy metals (lead, cadmium, iron, chrome and zinc). Analysis of the well water shows the presence of polluting elements in the leachate water and a high concentration of metals (especially iron) that exceeds standards. This makes the effluent extremely toxic and thus presents a permanent threat to the health of the local population and the surrounding environment.

Cluster and Governance: Perception of Tourism Stakeholders in the City of Tangier

This paper attempts to study the nature of the relationship between the cooperation of tourism actors in the form of a cluster and good territorial governance, through, first, the presentation of a literature review that deals with the different facets of this issue, and secondly, an exploratory qualitative study with tourism stakeholders in the city of Tangier, in order to assess the perception of stakeholders on the role that the tourism cluster could play as much as a territorial governance structure of the tourism sector of the city of Tangier.

Vulnerability and Risk Assessment of Interdependent Tourism Actor Networks in Crisis Situations (Case Study Tangier, Morocco-COVID-19)

This paper presents an analysis of tourism networks, and by defining the concepts of actor-networks and critical actors, an approach to modeling interdependent actor networks is presented, with the aim of assessing the influences and risks that can arise between actors. The approach is based on Graph Theory. It is our contribution to carry out a modeling to present the networks of actors with the inter-actor influences with a view to measuring the vulnerability index for each actor in crisis situations (case of COVID-19). For this purpose, an approach was adopted, which consisted of several stages including qualitative and quantitative analysis. A case study of the city of Tangier in the northern region of Morocco is presented in this paper.

SPATIAL ACCESSIBILITY OF URBAN PARKS IN TANGIER CITY, MOROCCO

Abstract. Recently, Urban Parks presents an essential role of humanity, because they provide a many of benefits that support our physical and social health. Therefore, UP (Urban Parks) are crucial part of whole urban environment. In this paper, we present the role of Green Space in public health, and based on Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques, we will start our study with a case study of the city of Tangier in northern Morocco. The city has had remarkable development in recent years. So, the inhabitants of Tangier need demands in the public services, in particular the urban parks.So we studied the distribution of urban parks in the different commons of the city (Tangier, Charf, Benimakada and Boukhalef (Guezania previously)) by calculating the area and the number of UPs in each common, then a calculation on the indices (PAC, PAR and PR) for each region, and finally make a comparison with the situation in 2015.

Multivariate Analysis and Machine Learning Approach for Mapping the Variability and Vulnerability of Urban Flooding: The Case of Tangier City, Morocco

Urban flooding is a complex natural hazard, driven by the interaction between several parameters related to urban development in a context of climate change, which makes it highly variable in space and time and challenging to predict. In this study, we apply a multivariate analysis method (PCA) and four machine learning algorithms to investigate and map the variability and vulnerability of urban floods in the city of Tangier, northern Morocco. Thirteen parameters that could potentially affect urban flooding were selected and divided into two categories: geo-environmental parameters and socio-economic parameters. PCA processing allowed identifying and classifying six principal components (PCs), totaling 73% of the initial information. The scores of the parameters on the PCs and the spatial distribution of the PCs allow to highlight the interconnection between the topographic properties and urban characteristics (population density and building density) as the main source of variability of flooding, followed by the relationship between the drainage (drainage density and distance to channels) and urban properties. All four machine learning algorithms show excellent performance in predicting urban flood vulnerability (ROC curve > 0.9). The Classifications and Regression Tree and Support Vector Machine models show the best prediction performance (ACC = 91.6%). Urban flood vulnerability maps highlight, on the one hand, low lands with a high drainage density and recent buildings, and on the other, higher, steep-sloping areas with old buildings and a high population density, as areas of high to very-high vulnerability.

THE PROBLEM OF BUILDING HOTEL AND TOURIST COMPLEXES IN MOROCCO IN THE TRADITIONAL NATIONAL STYLE IN ORDER TO PRESERVE LOCAL TRADITIONS

This article examines the state of the hotel fund in Morocco and the capital of Rabat. The essence of the problem of the waking up of the hotel complexes in the territory of Morocco is different, which is connected with the national and traditional styles in the interconnected interior and the traditional decoration of the apartment complex. The relevance of the development of the basic principles of architec- tural and planning organizations and the air-space composition of the hotel and tourist complexes in the minds of the Moroccan climate of Morocco has been revised.
 It is worth looking at the future buddies of the hotel complexes and those in the minds of the practitioners. Practically necessary, the need to upraise the main national traditions and values ​​of the historical decline of Morocco. Also, in stats, important is the importance of developing regional standards for designing hotel complexes for the specialties of Morocco and the traditions of Morocco.
 As a result, it turned out that nowadays it’s been blown out of the ordinary mind with a touch of mass tourism in Morocco, which is simple, simple, well-planned and new hotel complexes. In order to make sure that everything was built like a system of spaciously connected architectural ensembles, it would be necessary to develop the basic principles of formulating the hotel complexes in the hot climate of Morocco. The principle of guilty responsibility and motherhood is fundamentally valuable and historically went into the middle of the storehouse, allowing you to save in the new complexes the independence of the Moroccan architecture.
 The important thing is that it’s a fact that now you are in the country of Morocco standing on the edge of the vibrant architecture and the traditional tradition. The country can be found in the near proximity to Europe, Morocco’s most private settlements, and it’s possible to speak to the populations, and along the streets of the city of Tangier it’s been a long time to go alone to Europe. Take note of the fact that zmushuє is to be thoughtful over tim, which should be beaten by the flurry and almost by the look of the traditional Moroccan form, ornamentation, coloristic series.

Prelude: The sleeping song of the Gran Teatro Cervantes de Tangier

The recording through the still and moving image of two buildings of an alleged symbolic nature in the city of Tangier -in the surroundings of the Cornisse- addresses the identity issue in the Mediterranean cultural context and the need to recover a collective memory.The first project, entitled Crossing Lines, registers the Palace of Arts and Culture of Tangier under construction. The second, a videographic performance that gives the title to this contribution, registers as a “reopening” the Gran Teatro de Cervantes in Tangier, currently in ruins, where a Tangerian singer on his stage challenges this devastation with his song. Large erased cartouches with the names of Aeschylus, Corneille, Lope de Rueda, Schiller, Goldoni, Sophocles, Molière or Goethe, peaks of European literature, are revealed in front of his eyes.With both representations, the idea of ​​ruin and that of a project under construction are simultaneously raised to speak of the postcolonial moment of culture and its role in the expanded context of globalization. I intend to open a reflection on the difficulty that currently exists when it comes to articulating cultural meeting spaces between both shores of the Mediterranean.

Remapping ‘tradition’: community formation and spatiocultural imagination among Jews in colonial northern Morocco

ABSTRACT For Jews in colonial North Africa and beyond, modernization is often deemed a linear process of physical and cultural disengagement from traditional urban spaces. In contrast, this article portrays the process as dialectical and contextual mental transitions between the oppositional experiences of ‘modern-colonial’ and ‘traditional-communal’ spaces that mutually shape modern Jewish life across real and imagined townscapes. Focusing on one of the most vibrant sites of urbanization in North Africa – the mid-twentieth century international city of Tangier and neighboring Tetuan – I show how this dynamic transition was essential in shaping modernity and ethnic identity among a mobile Jewish middle class.

The Impact of the Construction of a Dam on Flood Management

A possible strategy to mitigate the effects of flooding from an area identified as having high runoff potential will reduce the volumes of water that overflow the drainage area and build a system of a storage location in the coastal city of Tangier. The study is based on two main axes: (i) the extreme flow frequency analysis, using eight probability laws adjusted by the Maximum Likelihood method, and (ii) the estimation of the flood outflows at the dam outlet using the routing method in order to assess the effect of detention dams on water flood. Annual (Maximum) series based flood sampling procedure is adopted for constructing the Flood Frequency analysis. A numerical comparison of AIC criteria and BIC has allowed a proceeding to the selection of the most fitted law distributions. The result shows that the Gumbel law is best adapted to the predetermination of the extreme flow estimation in the Mghogha watershed for different return periods. The reservoir routing method along with rainfall-runoff processes were applied by the mean of the HEC-HMS model. The model was run under two different scenarios. Scenario 1 simulates the Mghogha basin with the absence of the reservoir. Meanwhile, scenario 2 simulates the same basin by taking into account the existence of the Ain Mechlawa reservoir within different return periods of from 2 to 200 years. Peak discharges downstream have been dramatically attenuated and water volumes have been decreased with the prolongation of the return period. For the 100 and 200 return periods, the peak discharge of flood reduction for scenario 1 and scenario 2 were 52.06 and 52.17 %, respectively, and for the flood volume was 22.46 and 22.82% respectively. Finally, the results of investigations showed a good performance of the model in the estimation of outflow peak discharge of the Ain Mechlawa Dam. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091658 Full Text: PDF

Thermal impact of street canyon microclimate on building energy needs using TRNSYS: A case study of the city of Tangier in Morocco

The aim of this study is to demonstrate the requirement to integrate the urban microclimate to predict the energy needs of buildings. To do this, an integrated approach in TRNSYS software was developed and compared with existing experimental results of a street canyon. Afterwards, a case study was carried out in the case of a street canyon located in the city of Tangier in Morocco. The impact of the aspect ratio on the temperature of the building surfaces and the radiation absorbed by them was examined. The results show that there is greater radiation absorption on the building facades in street canyons than on those of stand-alone buildings. These effects lead to higher surface temperatures in street canyons, resulting in increased cooling energy needs in summer and reduced heating energy needs in winter.

Deterministic methods versus biologically inspired methods: optimal sizing of a PV-WT-BESS system for street lighting

This paper provides a comparison between deterministic methods and biologically inspired methods for the optimal sizing of a PV-WT-BESS system. Moreover, an appropriate sizing model is provided. As an application, we consider a public street lighting for supplying a location in the city of Tangier. On one hand, based on this application, we show that branch and cut algorithm (BCA) and branch and bound algorithm (BBA) are highly accurate and efficient than the extensively used genetic algorithm (GA) and ant colony algorithm (ACA) that are shown to fail in finding not only a satisfactory solution, but even a feasible solution for our case study. On the other hand, we show that BCA is more efficient than BBA with regard to execution time and optimality. Finally, the BCA solution is selected as a suitable basis of a detailed analysis on the performance and the economic evaluation for the optimal sizing of the proposed public lighting installation.

La complejidad de representar la vida en los límites a través de la obra documental de Yto Barrada

La obra documental de Yto Barrada muestra la complejidad de la vida en los límites, de los migrantes que esperan el momento de cruzar y de los efectos de la frontera en la población local y en la propia ciudad. Y lo representa alejándose de cualquier cliché orientalista o exótico. Algunos teóricos han leído su obra como la representación de sujetos desubjetivizados. Sin embargo, basándonos en teorías de Ariella Azoulay, Judith Butler y Hannah Arendt, presentamos una lectura según la cual los sujetos y la propia ciudad de Tánger, en la obra de Yto Barrada, son visibilizados y representados como sujetos activos plenos de autonomía; y la memoria visual de la ciudad de Tánger y de la sociedad que la habita, es también recuperada y visibilizada.

Between a Rock and the Kasbah: Tourism Gentrification, Cultural Repackaging, and Identity in Tangier

This article explores the impact of tourism gentrification on the residents of the Kasbah in the city of Tangier, Morocco. It utilizes qualitative methods to reveal how the Kasbah has become a site of contention between the Moroccan neoliberal state, the foreign investors and settlers, and the residents of Tangier as they negotiate place and identity. The paper will examine how the process of tourism gentrification is not only reinforcing a demographic shift in the Kasbah by displacing the locals but also how the foreign urban settlers are increasingly becoming the filter through which traditional Moroccan culture is conspicuously produced and legitimized. The article will end with a discussion on the mixed contentions surrounding the gentrifying presence of the foreign urban settlers on the residents of the Kasbah and the city of Tangier.

Notas acerca del dialecto tangerino contemporáneo

This article is a contribution to the study of the Moroccan Arabic dialect spoken in the present day in the city of Tangier. It is based on the current speech of autochthonous informants who casually tell various anecdotes. With the conclusions drawn from this current corpus of Tangier’s dialect, it is intended to update, complement as well as fill some gaps that had been left uncovered in previous findings available to date and, for the most part, dating back to the early twentieth century. Keywords: Arab Maghreb, Moroccan Arabic, Tangier dialect, Moroccan dialectology, Tangier.

The Role of the cooperation of tourist actors in cluster form in the attractiveness of territories: A qualitative study of Tangier city

In this paper we seek to study the nature of the relationship between tourism cooperation in the form of a cluster and the tourist attractiveness of their territories through, first, the presentation of a literature review that deals with the different facets of this issue and, secondly, through a qualitative exploratory study of tourism actors in the city of Tangier in order to assess the actors’ perception on the role that cluster-based networking could play in the development of the tourist attractiveness of Tangier city.