Suzhou City Research Articles

Prognostic significance of international normalised ratio and prothrombin time in Chinese acute ischaemic stroke patients.

We investigated the association between international normalised ratio (INR) and prothrombin time (PT) levels on hospital admission and in-hospital outcomes in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) patients. A total of 3175 AIS patients enrolled from December 2013 to May 2014 across 22 hospitals in Suzhou city were included. We divided patients into four groups according to their level of admission INR: (<0.92), Q2 (0.92-0.98), Q3 (0.98-1.04) and Q4 (≥1.04) and PT. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the effect of INR and PT on death or major disability (modified Rankin Scale score (mRS)>3), death and major disability (mRS scores 4-5) separately on discharge in AIS patients. Having an INR level in the highest quartile (Q4) was associated with an increased risk of death or major disability (OR 1.69; 95% CI 1.23 to 2.31; P-trend = 0.001), death (OR, 2.64; 95% CI 1.12 to 6.19; P-trend = 0.002) and major disability on discharge (OR, 1.56; 95% CI 1.13 to 2.15; P-trend = 0.008) in comparison to Q1 after adjusting for potential covariates. Moreover, in multivariable logistic regression models, having a PT level in the highest quartile also significantly increased the risk of death (OR, 2.38; 95% CI 1.06 to 5.32; P-trend = 0.006) but not death or major disability (P-trend = 0.240), major disability (P-trend = 0.606) on discharge. High INR at admission was independently associated with death or major disability, death and major disability at hospital discharge in AIS patients and increased PT was also associated with death at hospital discharge.

Distribution of Typical Pollutants from Rainwater Sewer Sediments in Suzhou City

In this study, we separately collected rainwater sewer sediments from typical samples in Suzhou city, such as the urban commercial district, historical and cultural protection area, cultural and educational area, and living area, and analyzed the particle size distribution of the sediments and the characteristics of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus content, and pollution load distribution under each graded particle size. The median particle size D50 of each sample point was 16.55-327.50 μm, and the particle size trend was as follows:commercial area > living area > historical and cultural protection area > cultural and educational area. D50 was related to the total organic carbon (TOC). The total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) were significantly positively correlated, as were the pollutants. The spatial difference of ω(TOC), ω(TN), ω(TP), and ω(NH4+-N) in rainwater sewer sediments from different regions was as follows:commercial area > historical and cultural protection area > living area > cultural and educational area, in which ω(TOC) was 0.84%-6.76%, and ω(TN), ω(TP), and ω(NH4+-N) were 917.5-12707.1, 196.1-2524.8, and 9.3-156.8 mg·kg-1, respectively. TOC, TP, and NH4+-N pollution loads were mainly concentrated on particles ≤ 75 μm and 250-1000 μm. Street dust pollutants highly differed spatially, with a high content of attached pollutants on street dust particles with a particle size of ≤ 75 μm. Various pollutants migrated into the street dust-pipes, and TP and TN showed certain enrichment characteristics in the sewer. Controlling the transportation of street dust and the accumulation of sediments in the sewer can reduce the pollution of sediment into the rivers during the rainy season.

Acoustical Environment Studies in the Modern Urban University Campuses

The quality of the acoustic environments at Xi’an Jiatong-Liverpool University (XJTLU) and Soochow University (Dushuhu Campus, SUDC) in Suzhou City were investigated in the present work through real-time noise level measurements and questionnaire surveys. Before commencing the measurements and surveys, these two campuses’ sound sources were summarized and classified into four categories through on-site observation: human-made, machinery, living creatures, and natural physical sounds. For the zones near the main traffic road, with a high volume of crowds and surrounded by a park, sound from road vehicles, humans talking, and birds/insects were selected by the interviewees as the major sound sources, respectively. Only zone 3 (near to a park) at XJTLU could be classified as A zone (noise level &lt; 55 dBA) with an excellent quality acoustical environment. All other zones had either good or average quality acoustical environments, except zone 1 (near to main traffic road) at XJTLU, with a fair-quality acoustical environment.

Clinical Characteristics of Pediatric Respiratory Tract Infection and Respiratory Pathogen Isolation During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic

Objective: We sought to compare the clinical characteristics of pediatric respiratory tract infection and respiratory pathogen isolations during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic to those of cases in 2018 and 2019.Methods: Our study included all children from 28 days to 15 years old with respiratory tract infections who were admitted to the Department of Respiration, in the Children's Hospital of Soochow University, between January 2018 and December 2020. Human rhinovirus (HRV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) and human bocavirus (HBoV) were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR); In parallel, Mycoplasma pneumoniae was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and bacteria were detected by culture in blood, bronchoalveolar lavage specimen, and pleural fluid.Results: Compared to 2018 and 2019, the pathogen detection rate was significantly lower in 2020. With regard to infections caused by single pathogens, in 2020, the detection rates of MP were the lowest and those of HRV were the highest when compared to those in 2018 and 2019. Meanwhile, the positive rates of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and hMPV reported in 2020 were less than those recorded in 2018 but similar to those recorded in 2019. Also, the 2020 rate of adenovirus (ADV) was lower than that recorded in 2019, but similar to that recorded in 2018. There were no statistical differences in the positive rates of HBoV and PIV III over the 3 years surveyed. Infections in infants were significantly less common in 2020, but no significant difference was found among children aged 1 to 3 years. The detection rate of pathogens in children old than 5 years in 2020 was significantly lower than those recorded in the previous 2 years. Notably, the pathogen detection rates in the first and second quarters of 2020 were similar to those recorded in the previous 2 years; however, the rates were reduced in the third and fourth quarters of 2020. As for co-infections, the positive rate was at its lowest in 2020. In the previous 2 years, viral–MP was the most common type of mixed infection. By contrast, in 2020, viral–viral infections were the most common combination.Conclusion: The pathogen detection rate was significantly reduced in Suzhou City during the COVID-19 pandemic. Public interventions may help to prevent respiratory pathogen infections in children.

Determinants of Migrant Workers’ Turnover Intentions in China: A Case Study of Manufacturing Factories in Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province

Determinants of Migrant Workers’ Turnover Intentions in China: A Case Study of Manufacturing Factories in Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province

A Research on Sex Education Environment in Preschool Children Families

The gender equality education environment in the preschool children’s family reflects the parents’ concept, attitude and behavior towards the children’s gender equality education. This study adopted a combination of convenience sampling and stratified sampling to select research objects from 18 kindergartens in Suzhou city. Based on gender role attitudes scale (GARS), gender role parenting attitude questionnaire and father parenting engagement questionnaire were designed to investigate and analyze the gender equality educational environment in preschool children’s families. Statistical analysis methods were employed to analyze the collected data based on SPSS software, such as hierarchical regression and one-way analysis of variance. The result indicated that the gender equality consciousness and gender rearing attitude of preschool children’s parents were above the middle level. The gender equality consciousness of parents was discrepant in terms of their gender, age and family socioeconomic status. The gender attitude of parents was influenced by the gender of parents, the socioeconomic status of families, the awareness of gender equality of parents, the involvement of fathers and the gender of children. The suggestions are given as follows: paying more attention to the shortcomings of parents’ awareness of gender equality and deepening the promotion of social gender equality. Exploring feasible improvement paths for families with different backgrounds. Giving action support and enhancing father’s participation in children’s upbringing.

Research on Quality Construction of National Logistics Hub in Yangtze River Delta Based on DPSIR Model

Under the background of double circulation, the national logistics hub will play an important role of node, hub and platform in the national logistics network. As a national strategy, the integration of Yangtze River Delta matters a lot to the national logistics network. This study constructs the evaluation index system of national logistics hubs and studies the construction of national logistics hubs in Yangtze River Delta and central China based on DPSIR theory. DPSIR model integrates the advantages of pressure-state-response (PSR) model and driving-state-response (DSR) model, and evaluates from driving force, pressure, state, influence and response. The results show that the construction of national logistics hubs in Shanghai, Nanjing, Suzhou, Ningbo-Zhoushan, Jinhua and other cities in the Yangtze River Delta is obviously better than that in the central part of China. In order to adapt to the integrated development of Yangtze River Delta and enhance the status of Anhui province in the national logistics hub network, logistics hub cities in Anhui Province should take effective measures from five aspects of the model. For example, concentrate on developing the economy; optimize the urban transportation system; build distinctive industrial clusters; develop multimodal transport facilities; innovate smart logistics models; treasure the construction of cold chain logistics; strengthen macro policy support; building a response mechanism for ecological green development.

Pollution Characteristics and Sources Analysis of Soil Heavy Metal in Taoyuan Coal Mine of Suzhou City

Soil is one of the most important resources and an important part of ecosystem in the development of human survival. The purposes of this study are to investigate concentration characteristics and sources analysis of heavy metals in Taoyuan coal mine of Suzhou City. 30 soil samples were collected and characterized for metal concentration (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn and As), then the heavy metal pollution was evaluated by using pollution load index and geoaccumulation index and the sources of heavy metals were analyzed. The results revealed that the mean concentrations, except Cr, were considerably higher the reference values, especially Cd, Cu Pb and Zn in study area soil, than non-mining soil in Suzhou. The results of the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) showed the following sequence: Cd>Cu>Pb>Zn>As>Cr. At the same time, Cr and As of all samples were not contaminated, Zn and Pb were non-pollution to light pollution, Cd and Cu were light pollution to moderate pollution. The potential ecological ecological risk (Ei) values of Cd had a strong risk pollution and the other five metals belonged to a light ecological risk, the potential ecological risk (RI) mean implied moderate pollution for samples in the study area. The correlation analysis declared that the first principal component is dominated by Cd, Zn and Pb and marked correlation indicate that they should be related to coal mining, smelting processing, weathering, leaching and coal transportation. The second principal component was occupied by Cr, Cu and As, the source of Cu may be affected by Zn and Pb, Cr and As can be regarded as from the soil parent materials. It was believed that the heavy metals in the soil of Taoyuan Coal Mine were polluted to a certain extent and the accumulation of Cd, Zn and Pb were mainly affected by mining activities.

Hydrochemical characteristics, hydraulic connectivity and water quality assessment of multilayer aquifers in Western Suzhou City, Northern Anhui Province, China

Abstract The present study focuses on the shallow phreatic aquifer (SA) and the upper confined aquifer (CA) developed in Cenozoic loose strata, which are the major regional groundwater resources for drinking, irrigation, industry and other water-related activities. Seven samples from SA and seventeen samples from CA were analyzed to depict the hydrochemical characteristics, categorize the hydrochemical facies, evaluate the hydraulic connectivity, and appraise the drinking water and irrigation water quality. The abundance of cations is Na+ &amp;gt; Ca2+ &amp;gt; Mg2+ &amp;gt; K+ and the anions is HCO3− &amp;gt; SO42− &amp;gt; Cl− in both aquifers, respectively. Groundwater chemistry is controlled by water-rock interactions such as halite dissolution, ion exchange, reverse ion exchange, silicate weathering, and followed by the dissolution of Glauber's salt. The low connectivity and moderate connectivity between these two aquifers has engendered. The majority of the ion concentrations are within the limit for drinking, only one sample from the shallow aquifer was greater than the limit of 250 mg/L, a total of 29% from the shallow unconfined aquifer and 14% from the confined aquifer are not within the limit of 250 mg/L. The sodium absorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC) and soluble sodium percentage (%Na) values reveal that all the samples are appropriate for irrigation uses. The the US salinity laboratory (USSL) diagram shows that sixteen CA samples and all the SA samples fall in the C3S1 zone, implying high salinity hazard and low alkalinity hazard.

Mediating effect of physical activity on association between sedentary leisure-time and obesity indexes among hypertensive individuals

Objective: To explore the mediating effect of physical activity on association between sedentary leisure-time and obesity indexes among hypertensive individuals. Methods: After excluding of those with a prior history of heart disease, stroke and cancer, a total of 20 178 hypertensive participants in the China Kadooire Biobank (CKB) study from Wuzhong district of Suzhou city were included. Mediating effect analysis was used to analyze the mediating effect of physical activity (PA) on correlation between sedentary leisure-time and body fat percentage (BFP), waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI). Results: After adjusted for age, gender, smoking status, alcohol consumption, education levels, intake frequencies of meat and intake frequencies of fresh fruit, sedentary leisure-time (SLT) was negatively correlated with PA (β=-0.246, P<0.001), but positively associated with BFP (β=0.061, P<0.001), WC (β=0.087, P<0.001) and BMI (β=0.071, P<0.001). After including the mediator variable PA, the direct effect of SLT on obesity index was still significant. PA was negatively correlated with BFP, WC and BMI (β=-0.052, -0.083 and -0.028, respectively, P<0.001). Analysis of mediating effect indicated that the association of SLT with BFP, WC and BMI were partly mediated by PA, the proportion of mediating effect was 20.820%, 23.421% and 9.915%. Stratified by gender, PA had mediating effect on SLT and all obesity indexes in women, while only on SLT and BFP and WC in men. Conclusions: There is a significant mediating effect of PA on correlation between SLT and obesity indexes among hypertensive individuals. Hypertensive patients should increase the level of physical activity and reduce sedentary behavior to achieve a profounder healthy effect.

Structural family factors and bullying at school: a large scale investigation based on a Chinese adolescent sample

BackgroundsVarious family factors have been identified in association with school bullying and the involvement of children and adolescents in bullying behaviors.MethodsA total of 11,919 participants (female = 6671, mean age = 15) from 22 middle schools in Suzhou City, China completed the questionnaire. The associations between structural family factors (family socio-economic status, living arrangement, number of siblings, whether they were local residents/migrants, had an urban/rural hukou [a household registration system in China], parental and maternal education levels, and other various bullying-related constructs (i.e. bullying witnessing, bullying involvement, bystander intervention, and fear of being bullied) were all examined. Odds ratios (ORs) adjusted for covariates were calculated for the four bullying-related constructs (bullying witness, bullying involvement, bystander intervention, and reactions to being bullied) using structural family factors.ResultsThe result showed that all demographic household characteristics were associated with bullying at school except for being from a single-child family. Adolescents from rural families witnessed more bullying incidents than those from local families (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: [1.09, 1.68]). Adolescents who come from migrant families (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: [1.07, 1.43]) with a rural hukou (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: [1.00, 1.74]) and low parental education levels (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: [1.01, 2.57]) were more likely to be bullies. Adolescents who came from migrant families (OR = 1.37, 95% CI: [1.03, 1.82]), with low maternal education levels (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: [1.06, 1.91]) engaged in more negative bystander intervention behaviors. Furthermore, adolescents with less educated mothers experienced a higher fear of being bullied (never versus sometimes: OR = 1.33, 95% CI: [1.00, 1.85]; never versus usually OR = 1.39, 95% CI: [1.01, 1.20]).ConclusionsA systematic examination of the relationship between school bullying and demographic household characteristics may be used to inform school policies on bullying, such as training management on the importance of paying attention to adolescents from disadvantage household backgrounds. Identifying demographic factors that may predict bullying can also be used to prevent individuals from becoming involved in bullying and reduce the related negative consequences from being bullied.

Urban geochemistry and human-impacted imprint of dissolved trace and rare earth elements in a high-tech industrial city, Suzhou

Due to the rapid urbanization process, the consumption of trace and rare earth elements has dramatically increased. Although some elements have been extensively studied due to their high biological toxicity, most elements are ignored and taken seriously in recent years. Here, we investigated the urban geochemistry, source, and anthropogenic responding factor for 15 trace elements (Cd, Pb, Co, Sn, Cu, Ni, V, As, Mo, Sb, Al, Li, Fe, Zn, and Sr) and rare earth elements in surface water of the Suzhou city. The percentage of anthropogenic gadolinium vary from 46.9% (YCH-2) to 92.8% (WS-2), while the analysis of variance shows that human activities may affect the distribution of Cd, Co, Sn, Ni, As, Li, Fe, and Sr. Three clusters are obtained from the correlation and cluster analysis. The Cluster 1 with a significant positive correlation of Pb, Cd, Gd, Li, Sr, Co, Fe, Ni, and Sn reflecting these elements are dominantly influenced by urban sewage and industrial activities. The Cluster 2 (Zn, Cu, and Al) can be attributed to geologic sources, while the Cluster 3 (V, Mo, As, and Sb) indicate the combined action of agricultural and urban activities. The Gd versus Li plot showed a significant positive correlation, which can be used as a new indicator to trace the anthropogenic impact on urban waters. Overall, this study provides clear evidence that the content and distribution of Gd and Li are deeply affected by human activities in a high-tech industrial city (Suzhou), which can be regarded as emerging elements contaminations.

Preface: 2nd International Conference on Education and Educational Development (EED 2021)

It was a great honor to extend a warm invitation to the 2nd International Conference on Education and Educational Development (EED 2021). The conference was held from September 29-30, 2021 in Suzhou City, China. EED 2021 was co-organized by Hubei Xuemi Cultural Development Co., Ltd. and Research Center of Engineering and Science (RCES). The aim of EED 2021 is to provide a platform for educators, scholars, managers and graduate students from different cultural backgrounds to present and discuss research, developments and innovations in the fields of Education Reform &amp; Social Science. It provides opportunities for the delegates to exchange new ideas and application experiences, to establish business or research relations and to find global partners for future collaboration. EED 2021 received 85 manuscripts. And 41 submissions had been accepted by our reviewers. By submitting a paper to EED 2021, the authors agreed to the review process and understood that papers undergo a peer-review process. Manuscripts were reviewed by appropriately qualified experts in the field selected by the Conference Committee, who gave detailed comments and-if the submission was accepted the authors would submit a revised version that considered this feedback. All papers were reviewed using a double-blind review process: authors declared their names and affiliations in the manuscript for the reviewers to see, but reviewers did not know each other’s identities, nor did the authors receive information about who had reviewed their manuscript. The Committees of EED 2021 invested great efforts in reviewing the papers submitted to the conference and organizing the sessions to enable the participants to gain maximum benefit. Hopefully, all participants and other interested readers will benefit scientifically from the proceedings and also find it stimulating in the process.

Sustainable long-term energy planning for a district in Suzhou City, China

A city district in Suzhou aims to develop a progressive, long-term sustainable energy strategy. This study examines possible energy planning pathways for the district through the development of a long-term optimization model and a range of energy scenarios until 2050. The scenarios explore different CO2 emission reduction strategies and technology mixes/parameters. Results suggest which low-carbon energy conversion technologies and efficiency measures should be adopted by the district alongside supportive local policies and targets. Photovoltaic (PV) and waste energy converters are two renewable energy technologies which are taken up at maximum possible rates in the evaluated scenarios to reduce long-term CO2 emissions. Once local renewable resources are exhausted, natural gas-based combined-cycle plants (CCP) and combined heat and power plants (CHP) are required to further reduce emissions, alongside efficiency measures in the built environment. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies also demonstrate the potential to drastically reduce emissions; however, local feasibility studies are needed to support their implementation. Study results prescribe renewable energy share and CO2 emission reduction targets until 2050 for the district. Appropriate local policy and planning targets should also be accompanied by supplementary support studies, including local feasibility, renewable energy resource, and demand-side management studies.

Location-specific citizenship: state visions of spatial selectivity in the cities of Beijing and Suzhou

ABSTRACT This article presents a study of variability in the governance of internal migration in urban China as envisioned in official policy documents launched since 2011. Such policies were meant to promote the making of 100 million Chinese nationals into new local citizens of cities before 2021, thereby conferring upon successful applicants access to public services provided by local governments. By means of adapted concepts of space, spatiality and spatial selectivity, this article offers a preliminary account of variation in policy between municipal authorities in Beijing and Suzhou, using key centrally issued policy documents as a standard. Particularly in the case of Suzhou, the diffusion of central policy form was not always accompanied by the diffusion of central policy function. Local uptake of form but not function was achieved, for instance, by inverting barriers against settlement into enablers of settlement. The study shows the importance of human capital in strategies by which the central state intended to manage the local state, and vice versa, even as they all sought to engage in territorial governance from different positions. In light of these findings, implications for the theorizing of territorial governance and for further research are drawn out.

Emotional Regulation: Report on the Study of Social and Emotional Skills of Chinese Adolescents (II)

Recently, an article published in the Journal of East China Normal University (Education Sciences) was based on the data of 10-year-old and 15-year-old students in Suzhou City, China participating in the OECD social and emotional ability assessment. The study used descriptive statistics, difference testing, regression analysis, and other statistical methods to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the emotional regulation performance of Suzhou students.

Chaozhou Guild Hall’s Social Functions and Cohesiveness

As one of the most eminent business groups in Chinese history, Chaoshan merchants have left footprints in a great many of places throughout the world and built up world-wide Chaozhou guild halls, sites with multiple functions range from supporting their countrymen, worshiping the gods in Chaoshan culture, dealing with commercial issues to holding many other activities that strengthen the cultural identity of the Chaoshan people. The historical sites can still be seen in Beijing, Shanghai, Suzhou, Guangzhou, Shantou, Hongkong and other cities in China as well as quantities of overseas districts. This essay will take some of the Chaozhou guild halls as research subject to examine how the buildings serve as social bond and how the social functions of the architectures are related to the cohesiveness. This essay argues that the construction of the Chaozhou guild halls root in Chaoshan people’s idea of solidarity, but the power of intensifying Chanshan people’s cultural identity lies heavily on the constructions’ social functions, in that the daily life, decision, and action of Chaoshan merchants are made to associate with the place closely. Numerous historical events took place in the guild halls engage into historical progression, and the guilds halls evolved into the chamber of commerce after establishment of the People’s Republic of China, which indicates the significance of looking at the historical architectures from the perspective of cultural studies.

Open-Mindedness: Report on the Study of Social and Emotional Skills of Chinese Adolescents (IV)

As one of the five dimensions of social and emotional ability, open-mindedness is derived from the openness factor of the "Big Five Personality", which describes one’s willingness to try and accept novel experiences. People with a high level of open-mindedness are more creative and artistic, while those with low level of openness are more obedient to tradition and pragmatic, but lack of innovation. According to the OECD research framework, open-mindedness includes tolerance, curiosity and creativity. This study is based on data collected from 10-year-old and 15-year-old students in Suzhou city participating in the OECD social and emotional ability assessment. It uses descriptive statistics, difference testing and regression analysis to present the performance of Suzhou students’ open-mindedness. This allows the study to provide reference for the accurate assessment of teenagers' social and emotional abilities, in addition to further developing the quality of education in China. The study presents data results from the following three parts: the first part presents the overall score of open-mindedness, the correlation between open-mindedness and other sub-abilities, and the age difference of open-mindedness (comparison between 10 and 15 years old group), gender difference, urban-rural difference, and the difference between general high and vocational high; the second part presents the factors influencing open-mindedness through regression analysis, including background variables, individual factors, family upbringing, teacher factors, and school factors; the third part presents the effects of tolerance, curiosity and creativity on academic achievement (Chinese, math, art), educational expectation, global consciousness, closeness to family, closeness to others, health, life happiness, life satisfaction, test anxiety and other life outcome variables of 10 and 15 year old students through regression analysis.

Communicative Competence: The Fifth Report of the Social and Emotional Competence Test of Chinese Adolescents

Communicative ability is embodied as "extroversion" in the Big Five Personality Test. Extroversion is an extremely important concept in personality psychology and a more common personality trait. Typically, it includes boldness, self-confidence, liveliness, enthusiasm, optimism, and being. In studying adolescents’ social and emotional abilities, the OECD designed a communication competence evaluation framework based on “extroversion” in the “Big Five Personality” model based on the physical and mental development characteristics of 10-year-old and 15-year-old adolescents. In the OECD evaluation framework, there are three sub-dimensions of communicative competence: happy group, courage and vitality. This study is based on the evaluation data of Suzhou City in China and presents the evaluation results of the communicative ability dimension of the youth social and emotional ability survey in various ways. The data results are presented in the following three parts. The first part uses descriptive statistics to illustrate the overall score of communicative ability, the correlation coefficient of communicative ability and other sub-abilities, and the differences of each ability in age, gender, urban and rural areas, and school categories. The second part uses factors that affect the ability to communicate through multiple regression analysis, including background variables, student variables, teacher variables, school variables, family variables, the impact of student happiness, courage and vitality. Finally, the third part uses multiple regression analysis of the 10-year-old and 15-year-old groups to determine the influence of happiness, courage and vitality on life outcome variables such as health and well-being.

Dehumidification in an underground utility tunnel: field experiment and modeling

The recent rapid development of underground utility tunnels (UUT) in China reflects the government’s resolve to improve the municipal service amid rapid urbanization. Although safety is of primary concern in the design and operation of the UUT, the moisture issue appears to be neglected. In the southern and eastern China, however, condensation in the UUT is noted and is believed to be responsible for the high rate of equipment failure and the deterioration of air quality inside the tunnel. To understand the moisture issue and its implications to the design and construction of the UUT, this study investigates the moisture balance in a section of the UUT in Suzhou city, eastern China. An experimental dehumidification study was carried out in a 200 m long 4.05 m × 2.5 m cable compartment with the objective to identify major sources and their strengths. Two refrigeration dehumidifiers were used to control the relative humidity. The results show that the most significant moisture source was the outdoor air through ventilation (values dependent on the air change rates), followed by the open water evaporation (~ 4.195 kg/hr) inside the tunnel and the leakage from the neighboring unconditioned compartments. The concrete walls had a strong buffering effect, which was a strong source at the beginning of the dehumidification (~ 17.171 kg/hr). A mathematical model was developed that can predict the tunnel humidity fairly well. The results suggested that the dehumidification needs to be included in the design, construction, and operation of the future utility tunnel. This includes reserved spaces for moisture control systems, an operation strategy for dehumidification, covered drainage system, and quality construction and maintenance.