City Of Rzeszow Research Articles

Resilience in the Face of the Ongoing War in Ukraine and Coping Strategies Adopted by Polish Students of Modern Languages in Higher Education

The Russian invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022 shattered Western illusions of peace and security, raining tensions on both a macro and micro level. This article was thus inspired by how the war had affected Philology students in Poland, specifically emphasising the city of Rzeszow, which lies close to the Ukrainian border. The aim assigned to the research project was to investigate levels of resilience among students and how this correlates with stress levels and to further investigate the potential coping strategies adopted by the students to mitigate their anxiety levels. What has been shown is that there is a correlation between the proximity of students to graduation and the levels of anxiety they felt about their future employment prospects and that the most common method for coping with stress was to become actively involved in assisting in the most immediate manifestation of the cause of the stress, in this case assisting refugees.

Rzeszow Castle: History and Contemporaneity - proposal for a new interior adaptation

Abstract This paper discusses the adaptation of Rzeszow Castle in Rzeszow, Poland (also called the Castle of the House of Lubomirski in Rzeszow), which is a key building on the Subcarpathia’s map of monuments. The objective of the project was to identify the latest trends in conservation art, and, subsequently, to create a proposal for a contemporary interior arrangement for the castle and its site development. The aforementioned design work focused on creating new, innovative concepts for the revalorization of historical buildings, oriented towards development and modernity. The work presents bold, novel – and most importantly – workable solutions for a new functional programme for Rzeszow Castle. The main premise of the future modification of the monument was a complete change of use of the building: from administrative and office space (the current court) to a cultural facility with complementary functions. The proposals presented in the paper are aligned with new principles of cultural environment preservation, and primarily emphasize ideas that facilitate the development of culture and art, social engagement, and support new initiatives. The aforementioned new functional programme complements cultural facilities and events offered by the city of Rzeszow - the capital of the Subcarpathia Voivodeship (one of Poland's sixteen provinces). The article is based on thorough scientific and historical research. The characteristics of the building are presented, with focus on its architectural value, and the current state of preservation of the monument is described. The analysis of the functional-utility program became the basis for creating a contemporary and modern interior design. The final version of the interior plan was developed based on field studies and source research.

Balancing Increased Urban Density with Green Spaces: The Marketing of New Housing Estates in Poland

This study aims to analyse the transformation of urban greenery into greenfield housing development from 2019 to 2023 in the medium-sized city of Rzeszow (Poland) by evaluating the validity of references to the greenery in advertising texts on the developers’ websites. Furthermore, to assess the impact of the proposed greenery-related changes on urban green infrastructure. Through web-based research, 13 greenfield housing developments were identified. Changes in land use of areas that were allocated to urban green infrastructure were highlighted by applying GIS spatial analysis. The written and visual content analysis identified references to greenery in advertising campaigns. Finally, status relations analysis was performed to assess whether the specific advertising website presents an added ecological asset that can be considered as a nature-based solution or should be interpreted as greenwashing. The study revealed that the advertising websites for greenfield housing development constructed from 2019 to 2023 in Rzeszow do not represent an additional ecological asset, but committed greenwashing. All analysed housing estates trigger irretrievable environmental damage. The advertising material does not define the environmental indicators of the housing estates, including how the new construction would compensate for the destruction of natural habitats.

Instytucjonalne wsparcie rodziny we wczesnej socjalizacji. Wybrane uroczystości przedszkolne w perspektywie rytuałów społecznych

The family is an institution found in all contemporary societies, and at the same time the most important primary group where the initial socialization. In today's world, cultural heritage is too rich to entrust socialization only to the family, hence other organized institutions are becoming the second, next to the family, agenda supporting this process. One of them is kindergarten, which purposefully transmits values and shapes children's identity. Kindergarten celebrations are moments of special relationship between the family and kindergarten. In the preschool community, these celebrations are understood as suspending the normal, established order of everyday life and entering a festive time, saturated with symbols and emotions. The content of the paper focuses on selected pre-school holidays and celebrations analyzed as rituals. The presented outcomes are the result of 47 interviews conducted with children, parents and teachers, in five selected kindergartens in the city of Rzeszow. The conclusion is that preschool rituals are an indispensable element in the ongoing socialization and an important mechanism to construct and recreate society both on a microscale and strengthening ties with macrostructures. Keywords: socialization, kindergarten, ritual, parents, child, teacher, celebration, symbols, emotions.

Assessment of vehicle emissions at roundabouts: a comparative study of PEMS data and microscale emission model

Energy efficiency has a central role to play in achieving decarbonisation targets in the transport system by changing the demand for mobility (eg. by influencing on peoples behaviors) and improving the performance of the fleet. In recent years there has been an increase of use of private transport, partly due to the recent pandemic and the reduced choice of public transport. People's travel habits have changed in frequency and motivation due to the reduced number of seats on public transport, due to social distancing but also due to online education and teleworking. This increase of use private cars has led to an increase in environmental emissions as a result of the high proportion of vehicles with combustion engines in urban areas. The highest concentrations have been recorded at road intersections and in par-ticular at roundabout configurations where there is a higher number of stop-and-go's overall. The increasing im-portance of air pollution from vehicle traffic has suggested that environmental considerations should be added to these aspects as a criterion for intersection design. Several studies in the literature analyze the environmental emissions generated by vehicle traffic using different methods such as on-site recording, mathematical modeling of dispersion phenomena, micro-simulation of vehicle traffic, use of appropriately equipped vehicles with sensors. This paper pre-sents a comparison between the results obtained from the Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS) and the results obtained from the VERSIT+ emission model. Specifically, using a Portable Emission Measurement Systems (PEMS) installed on a series of test cars, instantaneous CO2 and NOX emissions were measured on repeated trips along two-lane roundabout intersections. The study was carried out by examining a selected two-lane roundabout in the city of Rzeszow (Poland) using 9 different vehicles fueled by petrol, diesel, and LPG. The results show that the investigated VERSIT+ emission model used led to an inaccuracies in the calculation of CO2 and NOx emissions. Furthermore, cur-rent micro-scale emission models may not estimate emissions of harmful exhaust components with sufficient accuracy due to the specificities of roundabout driving. Therefore, there is a strong demand for the development of new emission models, adapted to the driving behavior of drivers appropriate for different infrastructure objects such as roundabouts.

Assessing Vehicle Emissions from a Multi-Lane to Turbo Roundabout Conversion Using a Microsimulation Tool

The development of urban strategies for the reduction of environmental impacts and decarbonization requires ongoing monitoring from the local scale and further deployment of actions to improve transport demand (user characteristics and modal choice) and supply (infrastructure and services). The analysis of pollution sources and the evaluation of possible scenarios are preliminary to the mitigation of impacts. In particular, the study of geometrical and functional characteristics of infrastructures through micro-simulation allows understanding of which schemes can support the reduction of emissions and guarantee high levels of service (LOS), reducing the problem of vehicular congestion in urban areas. The present work focuses on the small-scale analysis of vehicular traffic emissions at a multi-lane roundabout road intersection and the comparison of geometric schemes (current and design) and use with a turbo roundabout scheme as traffic volumes changes. These volumes have plummeted due to the current COVID-19 pandemic. The results show that the geometric-functional modification of the roundabout intersection from a multi-lane to a turbo-roundabout intersection allows a reduction of up to 30% of the emissions considering the current composition of the traffic fleet in the city of Rzeszow in Poland. The proposed comparative analysis methodology can contribute to the drafting of sustainable urban mobility plans (SUMPs) proposing a set of investments for new road works and considering a number of scenarios with interventions that can be implemented in the medium and long term that can provide the incentive to reduce road congestion and vehicular emissions.

The Impact of the Pandemic on Vehicle Traffic and Roadside Environmental Pollution: Rzeszow City as a Case Study

The development of the COVID-19 pandemic and the related lockdown had a major impact on vehicle traffic in cities. Based on available data from the selected city of Rzeszow, Poland, it was decided to assess changes in vehicle traffic and the impact of these changes on roadside environmental pollution. As part of the research, data from the first half of 2020 regarding vehicle traffic on selected streets of the city and on the city’s inlet routes were analyzed. For the selected road sections, changes in hourly traffic volume in 2020, compared with 2019, were also determined. With data on traffic volume, an attempt was made to estimate the impact of changes in traffic volume on air pollution in the city. Research on air pollution from motor vehicles was focused on a selected section of a city road that was equipped with an automatic air pollution measurement station located very close to the road. Additionally, at the road intersection and in the vicinity of the measuring station, a sensor was installed in the roadway to count passing vehicles. A preliminary analysis of air pollution data revealed that factors such as wind speed and direction and outside temperature had a large impact on measurement results. To eliminate the influence of these factors and to obtain data concerning only contamination originating from motor vehicles traveling along the road, an appropriate mathematical model of the traffic flow–roadside environment system was built. This model was designed to determine the air pollution in the vicinity of the road generated by traffic flow. The constructed model was verified, and the conditions for its use were determined in order to study the impact of traffic and roadside environment on the level of air pollution from harmful exhaust substances. It was shown that at certain times of the day, especially at low temperatures, other sources of harmful emissions related to home heating play a major role in air pollution in the city.

Characteristics of Dietary Fatty Acids Isolated from Historic Dental Calculus of the 17th- and 18th-Century Inhabitants of the Subcarpathian Region (Poland).

Dental calculus analysis can be a valuable source of archaeological knowledge, since it preserves not only microbial and host biomolecules but also dietary and environmental debris, as well as metabolic products likely originating from dietary and craft activities. Here we described GC-MS analysis of a set of historic dental calculus samples from the front teeth of the mandibles of seven individuals found in 17th- and 18th-century graves in the city of Rzeszow, located in South-eastern Poland. We have found that only saturated fatty acids, which are characteristic for fats of animal origin, were present in the tested samples. Our preliminary results indicate that the diet of modern-period inhabitants of Rzeszow was rich in animal products, such as meat and dairy products.

PROBLEMOWE UCZENIE SIĘ JAKO ŚRODEK PRZYWRACANIA FUNKCJI SPOŁECZNYCH GRUPOM WYALIENOWANYM Z PRZESTRZENI MIEJSKIEJ

The article refers to the process of creating a project by designers from two culturally different countries during the Erazmus project. The project, set in the centre of urban space, aims to limit the alienation of the homeless from the urban environment and to slowly restore their social functions. The aim of the cooperation was to create a space in which designers would use not only technical and compositional knowledge but would consciously introduce information from social sciences. This project for homeless people, is sited in the city of Rzeszow, Poland. The inspiration to do this project was the nature and C2C theory. The architecture of the project is based on a modular architecture which, if necessary in the future, can be easily modified, for example, by adding new elements and thus respond to the current needs of the residents. Self-sufficiency is another important part of the project. They are also eco-buildings made of straw bales or recycled materials such as plastic bottles. Thanks to these efforts, a project was created not only for the homeless but for all the residents of the city.

The Development of Strategies to Reduce Exhaust Emissions from Passenger Cars in Rzeszow City—Poland. A Preliminary Assessment of the Results Produced by the Increase of E-Fleet

Urban agglomerations close to road infrastructure are particularly exposed to harmful exhaust emissions from motor vehicles and this problem is exacerbated at road intersections. Roundabouts are one of the most popular intersection designs in recent years, making traffic flow smoother and safer, but especially at peak times they are subject to numerous stop-and-go operations by vehicles, which increase the dispersion of emissions with high particulate matter rates. The study focused on a specific area of the city of Rzeszow in Poland. This country is characterized by the current composition of vehicle fleets connected to combustion engine vehicles. The measurement of the concentration of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) by means of a preliminary survey campaign in the vicinity of the intersection made it possible to assess the impact of vehicle traffic on the dispersion of pollutants in the air. The present report presents some strategies to be implemented in the examined area considering a comparison of current and project scenarios characterized both by a modification of the road geometry (through the introduction of a turbo roundabout) and the composition of the vehicular flow with the forthcoming diffusion of electric vehicles. The study presents an exemplified methodology for comparing scenarios aimed at optimizing strategic choices for the local administration and also shows the benefits of an increased electric fleet. By processing the data with specific tools and comparing the scenarios, it was found that a conversion of 25% of the motor vehicles to electric vehicles in the current fleet has reduced the concentration of PM10 by about 30% along the ring road, has led to a significant reduction in the length of particulate concentration of the motorway, and it has also led to a significant reduction in the length of the particulate concentration for the access roads to the intersection.

Epidemiological investigation on hepatitis A virus infection outbreak in the area of Rzeszow city during the years 2017/18.

Aim of the studyTo define the threats and epidemiological differences between outbreaks of hepatitis A (HA) in adults and children, and to assess the efficiency of implemented prophylaxis. We also present a summary of treatment and sick leave costs as compared to the predicted money-load in the case of properly initiated prophylaxis in hepatitis A virus (HAV)-exposed persons.Material and methodsThe cause of two outbreaks was contamination related to food mishandling by a person infected with HAV. Especially health-threatening was exposure to the infection of 137 pre-school children. A second outbreak caused by the same source was observed among 25 exposed adults. On the basis of medical documentation we determined costs related to hospitalization and sickness leave absence at work, comparing it with money load related to implementation of required prophylaxis in both groups of people exposed to risk of HAV infection.ResultsAs a consequence of exposure in the kindergarten area, an infection was confirmed in 32 patients from the first and subsequent generations and 7 cases were observed in the second outbreak. Costs of hospitalization and related to the sick leave were estimated to double the predicted costs of prophylaxis.ConclusionsIn the case of lack of proper hand hygiene of a food handler with HA or in the case of food-borne exposure of children to HAV it is necessary to apply post-exposure prophylaxis. Costs of the prophylaxis are significantly lower than costs of HA. Both outbreaks underwent self-limitation with longer course of morbidity and larger number in the case of the kindergarten focus.

Rzeszow as a City Taking Steps Towards Developing Sustainable Public Transport

The paper discusses problems related to the functioning of passenger transport in Rzeszow. The dynamic development of the city and the increase in the income of its inhabitants have led to significantly increased traffic within the city, which is detrimental both to the environment and the city’s inhabitants. It limits the quality of life in the city and in the end generates additional costs for businesses and people in urban areas due to the congestion. In compliance with the policies of the European Union, this harmful tendency needs to be limited. Developing sustainable transportation should largely contribute to this objective. With the city of Rzeszow as example, this article discusses selected actions and measures taken as part of the development of sustainable transportation and demonstrates changes in the functioning of public transport based on the author’s own research as well as data provided by the city’s authorities. The analyses show that the actions taken so far have had a positive impact.

Patient Satisfaction with Services Provided at Night and the Assessment of the Quality of Care in the Hospital

Night nursing care has different priorities from the care in the morning and afternoon hours. The patient as the subject of nursing activities may assess the quality of this care in a more or less objective way, thus giving the opportunity to improve or improve these services. The study was conducted to assess the quality of care and general nursing care. The studied population constituted 585 patients hospitalized in the Clinical Hospitals of the city of Rzeszow. The research was carried out from 1 January 2016 to 31 May 2016. In the patients opinion survey, the method of the diagnostic survey was used, using two standardized NSNS questionnaires, the PASAT HOSPIT1 package and the original questionnaire. The assessment of services provided by nurses at night that was made with the use of the Newcastle scale was high (experience - 63.7 points, satisfaction - 60.3 points), and the assessment based on the Author's Questionnaire. The correlation between the assessment of night-time care and the overall assessment of nursing care indicates statistically significant (R=0.51 and R=0.47) and significantly influenced assessment of the overall nursing care. The quality of the night tasks resulting from the therapeutic function and caring were considerably related to the overall assessment of the nursing care. The relationship between the assessment according to the PASAT HOSPIT 1 questionnaire and the assessment of nursing care on the basis of the Newcastle scale is most correlated with the nurse's availability (satisfaction -p=0.0000***), the speed of response to the call (satisfaction -p=0.0000***) and the satisfaction from nursing care.

Evaluation of the impact of explanatory variables on the accuracy of prediction of daily inflow to the sewage treatment plant by selected models nonlinear

AbstractThe aim of the study was to evaluate the possibility of applying different methods of data mining to model the inflow of sewage into the municipal sewage treatment plant. Prediction models were elaborated using methods of support vector machines (SVM), random forests (RF), k-nearest neighbour (k-NN) and of Kernel regression (K). Data consisted of the time series of daily rainfalls, water level measurements in the clarified sewage recipient and the wastewater inflow into the Rzeszow city plant. Results indicate that the best models with one input delayed by 1 day were obtained using the k-NN method while the worst with the K method. For the models with two input variables and one explanatory one the smallest errors were obtained if model inputs were sewage inflow and rainfall data delayed by 1 day and the best fit is provided using RF method while the worst with the K method. In the case of models with three inputs and two explanatory variables, the best results were reported for the SVM and the worst for the K method. In the most of the modelling runs the smallest prediction errors are obtained using the SVM method and the biggest ones with the K method. In the case of the simplest model with one input delayed by 1 day the best results are provided using k-NN method and by the models with two inputs in two modelling runs the RF method appeared as the best.

Emission of pollution from motor vehicles with respect to selected solutions of roundabout intersections

The article concerns the assessment of emmision of selected two-lane roundabout functioning in the city of Rzeszow and its alternate turbo version. In the work was considered four scenarios that represent two different in terms of traffic congestion time of day. The results of the emission of selected components of the exhaust gas (NOx and particulates PM10) were obtained on the basis of calculations of emission model VERSIT+ Enviver. While the input data for the calculations were taken from the modeled options of roundabouts in the Vissim program. The results from the Enviver program were compared to calculations from mesoscopic model COPERT 5. The results show that the overall reduction in average speed, as well as increased frequency of braking and sudden acceleration, directly contribute to the growth of harmful emissions. However, with respect to comparision of turbo roundabout in regard of currently running two-lane roundabout can be observed reduction of selected components of exhaust gases emission about approx. 1/3.

Centra wzrostu w regionie podkarpackim w latach 1980–2014

Market processes, in competitive conditions, cause the development of particular areas with different intensity. Market forces interact in the direction of the concentration of development processes in the most attractive locations, which results in disparities in socio-economic development in the area. The aim of this article is to analyze the structural changes of socio-economic growth centers of Podkarpackie Voivodeship which are different scale centres of economic activity of the region, from the centres of regional importance to small units having local significance. The analysis reflects the development of the potential, functions and the spatial distribution of growth centres in the years 1980–2014. In the analyzed period reduces the number of centers the number of employed people in them. The importance of centres of industial development is on the decline. Correspondingly, the importance of centres with a developing services sector is increasing. The spatial structure of the Podkarpacki region are noticeable progressive processes of concentration of economic activity in the central city of Rzeszow.

Probabilistic model of district heating operation process in changeable external conditions

In this paper, district heating is described and its operation process is considered in varying operation conditions over time. Taking into account the ordered thermal power which affects the amount of heat supply to consumers, the system operation states are introduced. Heat supply to consumers is carried out by means of a heat-carrying agent having the necessary parameters: required quantity, temperature and pressure, in a specific location, under certain operational conditions and timeframe. To model the system operation process and describe the changes between the operation states the semi-Markov process is applied. The identification of the district heating operation process is performed on the basis of real operational data obtained from the District Heating Company in the city of Rzeszow. Using the data and considering the specific character of the system, the main characteristics describing the safety of heat supply to consumers were determined.

Emergency Water Supply of Rzeszow / Kryzysowe Zaopatrzenie Rzeszowa W Wodę

Abstract In this study the methodology of balancing water needs in a crisis situation was presented. The example was done for city of Rzeszow. The municipal infrastructure: water supply system, sewage system, gas network, heating and energy systems was shortly characterized. The research undertaken in this study was related to Systemic Crisis Management and protection of the inhabitants of the city. The balance of emergency water supply Rzeszow in drinking water for the 29 neighborhoods of the city was shown.

Water Consumption in the City of Rzeszow

Abstract The aim of the work is the analysis of water consumption in Rzeszow city. The quantity of produced water in Water Plants: Zwieczyca I and Zwieczyca II were performed for years 2007÷2009. The individual average twenty-four hour water consumption per one inhabitant was estimated. A stable decrease was observed in annual water consumption in years 2000÷2009. On the example of housing estate Nowe Miasto, the analysis of water consumption concerning the heights of the buildings was made. The biggest individual water consumption was marked in ten-storey house, and the smallest in single-family house. The next step regard the water consumption depending on the days in week. The biggest water consumption was in Thursdays, and the smallest in Sundays. Also the maximum and minimum twenty-four hour water consumption in the division into months in 2009 year were determined.