City Of Riobamba Research Articles

Neuroemotions and Behavior in the Purchase Process

Emotions are the fundamental pillar of neuromarketing, the perception of hedonic, utilitarian value, the emotions experienced by customers during the buying process and the effect the behavior of each stage is seen from the brain structures of the mind. The sample selected for the study was 354 real customers of supermarkets in the city of Riobamba and the sample of 8 participants with the use of eye tracking glasses in the store tour during this process. The results, in three stages of the process system (inputs, processes and results) with the emotions involved in each stage. Stage I are: uncertainty, joy, anger/anger/anxiety, happiness, curiosity. The emotions in stages II and III are joy, surprise, satisfaction, security, and confidence and the emotions felt in the Evaluation Stage are satisfaction, exhaustion, demotivation, joy, and anger/anger/anxiety. There are hormones and neurotransmitters that are involved with emotions at different stages of the buying process. The right brain hemispheres are activated in negative emotions, left in positive emotions in all stages of the buying process. Brain structures are also activated at each stage of the buying process. The results of the Eye tracking in the comparative analysis analyzed Meditation, Attention and Blinking in the stages of the purchase process. It is concluded that repurchase and recommendation intentions are determined by positive emotions which, in turn, are determined by the hedonic and utilitarian value of the product and services that reduce negative emotions.

Evaluation of Ergonomic Risks Factors in a Dental Center Located in the Historical Center of the City of Riobamba

The present investigation focuses on ergonomic study of different activities, belonging to the Mipymes group, carried out in a dental office in the city of Riobamba. Analysis carried out within the research project ”Strengthen the preventive management of occupational health and safety within the MSMEs of the Riobamba canton.” The tasks performed by dental professionals require static postures, high workloads, and ergonomics. Therefore, the physical and postural activities carried out by dentists in their different specialties are evaluated, which leads to an ergonomic study of the dental workplace, using the REBA methodology, which evaluates the worker’s posture, identifying incorrect body positions. The results obtained show, in effect, that the postures of those who work in the dental area are inadequate, causing short and long-term health conditions. Finally, a set of corrections and a preventive plan are proposed to reduce ergonomic risks. Keywords: safety, ergonomics, dentistry, REBA, MIPYMES. Resumen En la presente investigación se muestra un estudio ergonómico de las diferentes actividades que se realizan en un consultorio odontológico, perteneciente al grupo de las Mipymes de la ciudad de Riobamba. Análisis efectuado dentro del proyecto de investigación “Fortalecer la gestión preventiva de la seguridad y salud ocupacional dentro de las MIPYMES del cantón Riobamba”. Las tareas realizadas por los profesionales dentales requieren posturas estáticas, carga laboral y ergonómica alta. Por tanto, se evalúan las actividades físicas y posturales que realizan los odontólogos en sus diferentes especialidades, que conlleva a un estudio ergonómico del puesto de trabajo odontológico, utilizando la metodología REBA, misma que evalúa la postura del trabajador, identificando posiciones corporales incorrectas. Los resultados obtenidos muestran en efecto, que las posturas de quienes laboran en el área dental son inadecuadas provocando afecciones a corto y largo plazo de su salud, finalmente se propone un conjunto de correcciones y un plan preventivo para disminuir los riesgos ergonómicos. Palabras Clave: seguridad, ergonomía, odontología, REBA, MIPYMES.

Measurement of the electric field of mobile telephone base station antennas in Riobamba (Ecuador), to determine the specific absorption rate (SAR) in the human body

Exposure to electromagnetic and radio frequency fields generated by communication technologies such as mobile phones has raised concerns about electromagnetic pollution and its possible health effects. The objective of the study was to measure the electric field coming from cell phone base station antennas and determine through simulation in virtual anatomical models the maximum and average SAR in the whole body and in 10 g in different parts of the human body. The measurements were carried out with a selective non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation meter at 10 sites in the city of Riobamba, Ecuador. The highest maximum and average SAR for whole body was 3.045x10−7 and 3.923 x10−8 W/kg, respectively. While, at 10 g, the maximum SAR reached up to 8.52x10−9 W/kg in arms and the average SAR 2.13x10−9 W/kg in legs. All results are well below the limits established by the ICNIRP, suggesting a low risk of exposure. This work provides valuable information on the levels of exposure to electric fields from mobile telephone base stations and the results collected in this research could serve as a reference for future research, since the sampling method used could be reproduced to study the temporal variation of electric field levels in the city and conduct more comprehensive studies of SAR distribution in the human body.

Small-scale variation of atmospheric dynamics applying chaos theory, case study

Characterization and knowledge of the variability of atmospheric dynamics on a small scale in the city of Riobamba, Ecuador, are achieved through the chaos theory. Meteorological data is taken every hour during four years, including variables such as wind speed, wind direction, incident radiation, temperature, and humidity, from the ESPOCH, SAN JUAN, and QUIMIAG weather stations in the canton of Riobamba. The van Ulden and Hostlang models are used to calculate the Obukhov length, surface heat fluxes, and latent heat flux. The chaos theory is applied to study the variation of atmospheric microdynamics. The Lyapunov coefficients, Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy, and Kaplan-Yorke fractal dimension are determined. Before analysis, noise reduction is necessary due to the lack of correlation, especially in the Obukhov length. This research follows a longitudinal design and employs quantitative and explanatory methods based on data analysis, statistical-mathematical techniques, and inductive-deductive approaches. The results indicate a highly variable system, reflected in a high number of Lyapunov coefficients, fractional dimensions, and entropy variations. The microdynamic parameters exhibit hyperchaotic behavior, as indicated by the presence of more than one positive Lyapunov coefficient. The variables also demonstrate a fractional fractal dimension, highlighting the irregularity in the geometric representation of the system.

Logistic Model for Predicting Coliform Growth in Wastewater Effluent From the Chambo River (Ecuador)

Purpose: The objective of this work is to apply a predictive model of bacterial growth to determine the concentration of total coliforms, under controlled laboratory conditions, in wastewater from the city of Riobamba that flows into the Chambo River (Ecuador). Theoretical Framework: Wastewater pollution is a global problem that affects water quality and public health. Population growth has a drastic impact on the contamination of water bodies, particularly in Ecuador, since most of the effluents are not adequately treated, which becomes a public health and environmental problem. For this reason, over the years, total and fecal coliforms have been used as indicators of water quality. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study used a mathematical modeling approach of a logistic and deterministic type, and calculated through an executable command designed in the integrated development environment (IDE) with the Visual C# programming language (logic) and the XAML design language (interface). Findings: The results achieved are 1) the theoretical construction of a mathematical model (logistic model) starting from a differential equation and the taking of three experimental measurements, 2) the computer construction of the bacterial growth model and 3) it has been demonstrated that there is agreement between the values obtained from the model of total coliform growth and the experimental results with a margin of error of less than 1%. Research, Practical & Social Implications: This information can be used by stakeholders to determine actions that could improve current conditions. Originality/Value: The result of this study emphasizes that the model proposed can reproduce the growth of coliforms up to a maximum growth point, it is necessary to continue with the development of the same in the stationary phase of bacterial growth and then in the decay phase.

Logistic Model for Predicting Coliform Growth in Wastewater Effluent From the Chambo River (Ecuador)

Purpose: The objective of this work is to apply a predictive model of bacterial growth to determine the concentration of total coliforms, under controlled laboratory conditions, in wastewater from the city of Riobamba that flows into the Chambo River (Ecuador). Theoretical Framework: Wastewater pollution is a global problem that affects water quality and public health. Population growth has a drastic impact on the contamination of water bodies, particularly in Ecuador, since most of the effluents are not adequately treated, which becomes a public health and environmental problem. For this reason, over the years, total and fecal coliforms have been used as indicators of water quality. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study used a mathematical modeling approach of a logistic and deterministic type, and calculated through an executable command designed in the integrated development environment (IDE) with the Visual C# programming language (logic) and the XAML design language (interface). Findings: The results achieved are 1) the theoretical construction of a mathematical model (logistic model) starting from a differential equation and the taking of three experimental measurements, 2) the computer construction of the bacterial growth model and 3) it has been demonstrated that there is agreement between the values obtained from the model of total coliform growth and the experimental results with a margin of error of less than 1%. Research, Practical & Social Implications: This information can be used by stakeholders to determine actions that could improve current conditions. Originality/Value: The result of this study emphasizes that the model proposed can reproduce the growth of coliforms up to a maximum growth point, it is necessary to continue with the development of the same in the stationary phase of bacterial growth and then in the decay phase.

Valuation Economic scenic beauty of the volcano of the Chimborazo, Ecuador

The Chimborazo volcano is the closest point to the sun and is recognized nationally and internationally. 90,000 people visit this tourist attraction annually, which is being threatened by the advance of theagricultural frontier, causing the loss of ecosystem services found in this ecosystem. This research estimated the willingness to pay (WTP) of the population of the city of Riobamba, for the conservation of the scenic beauty of the Chimborazo volcano. 406 surveys were applied, using the double-limit dichotomous contingent valuation method, using a maximum likelihood model in Stata software. Four models were developed: single limit, single limit with other explanatory variables, double limit and double limit with other explanatory variables, the latter being statistically more significant. As a result, it was determined that the DAP is USD 0.81 per month to preserve the scenic beauty of the Chimborazo volcano, a value that increases if the variable consumption of other products is included to reduce climate change by USD 0.19, the age, the monthly water payment and the level of education decrease the WTP by USD 0.02, USD 0.01, and 0.05 respectively.

PHOTOGRAPHY AS IDENTITY OF THE FIRST FRUITS OF RIOBAMBA. DESIGN OF INTERACTIVE DIGITAL REPOSITORY

The objective of this work is the conservation by modern digital means of the architectural firsts located in the city of Riobamba, an interactive photographic repository was designed in which 360° aerial shots were used. A mixed methodology was used, both qualitative and quantitative, employing methods such as documentary, descriptive, population and survey techniques, interview and observation sheets, investigating the first fruits for their historical relevance and social impact, subsequently, a buyer persona was developed to determine the user who occupied the repository, official data and information from government entities was sought with the use of the interview, The data obtained were analyzed in order to facilitate the photographic taking and move on to the creative phase, formulating guiding ideas that gave feasible solutions in the design of the proposal. With what was learned in the experimentation, the final design was started, the photographs went through a process of digital development, colorization and digital stitching; In addition, a third process of composition - punctual edition, all equirectangular shots were transferred to the panoraven platform, facilitating the creation of the repository with a contribution of interactivity, a hotspot tour and informative texts were used with the option of infospot, to reinforce the interactivity a map was added so that people know the location of the scoops and a gyroscope to create a better experience on the cell phone and adaptability on various platforms. These processes resulted in an interactive digital photographic repository of easy access, dissemination, functional and with the logo "Riobamba city of the first fruits" this identifying resource of the city was preserved, finally it can be concluded that the use of new technologies is essential to reach new generations, being essential that government entities invest in these cultural resources, which enhance tourism and consequently activate the economy of the city of Riobamba.

Lean manufacturing and sustainable development in the urban markets of City of Riobamba, Province Chimborazo, Ecuador

In the policies and practices of environmental sustainability involves the marketing process, the objective of the research is to identify the practices of Lean Manufacturing in and sustainable development in 12 cadastralized markets in the Decentralized Autonomous Government of the Municipality of the canton Riobamba in the different sections (fruits, vegetables, vegetables, meat, among others), the population of 4,498 traders of the markets in the urban area Riobamba, Province of Chimborazo. The lean manufacturing model and the Five "S" tool were applied: i) environmental protection and waste management; ii) creation and maintenance of clean and safe work areas; iii) training and dissemination; iv) self-regulation processes; and v) application of good food handling practices (GMP). The descriptive, field and documentary research, the sample was applied to 380 traders. The results indicate that there are limitations in the marketing systems that make it impossible to participate competitively and effectively in the markets. It is concluded that the Five "S" allow improving the quality/product through GMPs, which guarantee safety, reduce biological risks, and avoid Food Transmitted Diseases (FBD), promote a positive perception of the markets and in this way contribute to transform and promote sustainability.

THE APPLICATION OF THE FLIPPED LEARNING MODEL IN HIGHER EDUCATION

The present article was developed at the Polytechnics of Chimborazo in the city of Riobamba, Ecuador, with the objective of determining the relationship between the teaching model with the results of the summative and diagnostic evaluations obtained by the students, of the Thesis Design subject, of the Graphic Design Engineering career. For this quantitative study, a quasi-experimental design was used, in which a pre-test and post-test were applied, using the Likert-type data collection instrument previously validated by experts, on the perception of two teaching methods: the traditional one (focused on the teacher) and Flipped Learning, in a sample of thirty (30) students. The results had an important tendency to activities through Flipped Learning, highlighting the criteria that evaluated the link between the academic goals with the teaching model as well as the role of the teacher in promoting it. The conclusion is that it is necessary to constantly research educational innovations worldwide, in this sense, the Flipped Learning model was perceived satisfactorily by the students, due to the effectiveness of modifying the order of teaching processes and materials, which are important for the achievement of academic goals and the consolidation of learning.

FINANCIAL PLANNING AS A MANAGEMENT TOOL FOR IMPROVING PROFITABILITY IN INCOFECSA, IN RIOBAMBA, 2020-2023

The main objective of the study is to develop a financial plan using a management tool to increase the profitability of the company Incofecsa located in the city of Riobamba, in the period 2020-2023, through the systematization of the theoretical and methodological foundations related to financial planning. Additionally, the current diagnosis of the financial situation was made through the Vertical and Horizontal Analysis, Financial Indicators, Dupont System, Economic Value Added (EVA) and Equilibrium Point, and finally, the financial planning, mission, vision, business objectives, organizational structure and operational plan were developed. With the implementation of the plan, the financial statements were projected, and an increase in profitability of 13.59% was obtained for the period 2023, which shows that financial planning has a direct relationship with the company's profitability.

POLITICAL BRANDING AS A COMMUNICATION TOOL IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF IMAGE IN THE POLITICAL CANDIDATES OF THE SECTIONAL ELECTIONS IN THE CITY OF RIOBAMBA – ECUADOR

The Political Brand As An Image Communication Tool For The Mayor Of The City Of Riobamba In The Sectional Elections Of 2023 Aims To Identify The Political Brand As A Tool For Image Communication For The Mayor's Office, The Research Is Based On Theories Of Political Marketing As The Main Science, Breaking Down From This The Brand Types Of Brand, Communication, Non-Verbal Communication And Political Ordinances. In The Research Methodology, A Mixed Approach Was Used So That The Investigation Of The Subject To Be Treated Can Be Carried Out, The Survey Was Developed To Obtain Data According To The Study Variables, After This Eye Tracking Was Used To Measure The Perception That The Political Candidate Has. The Results Obtained Are Based On Parameters Of Composition And Non-Verbal Communication, In Such A Way The Idea To Defend That The Visual Analysis Of The Candidates For Mayor Of The City Of Riobamba Aims To Increase The Level Of Acceptance That Voters Have During The Election Period, Giving Way To The Proposal In Which The Political Brand Model Was Raised With Analysis Strategies, Differentiation And Notoriety To Be Applied In The Pre-Campaign Period Of The Candidate In Addition To This, An Added Value Is Given To The Research With The Sherpa Manifesto Addressed To The Marketer. After Having Carried Out The Study, It Is Concluded That Strategies Have Been Proposed With Which The Voter Can Know The Political Candidate, These Being A Guide For The Pre-Campaign, Recommending Using The Proposed Model To Have A High Level Of Effectiveness In The Mentioned Period.

ANALYSIS OF CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS IN RIOBAMBA MERCHANTS THROUGH NEUROECONOMICS AND NEUROHEALTH

The sudden appearance of the COVID 19 pandemic had serious physical, psychological and economic effects on the entire population, our country Ecuador was no exception. The consequences of the aforementioned pandemic still remain today, for example, there are diseases associated with cardiovascular malfunction, stress, lack of sleep, andamong others. The present study focuses its research on clearly describing the post-covid affectations suffered by merchants of the markets of the city of Riobamba, for this a collection of data of medical assessments is carried out to 46 merchants, later through descriptive statistics the most frequent diseases and the most common ages in which these characteristics have been presented are established. The objective of the research is to identify how to reduce cardiovascular diseases, neuroeconomic behavior and the contribution of neurohealth in the traders of the Ecuadorian markets.

MODELING OF TRADITIONAL CHARACTERS USING 3D SOFTWARE THAT IDENTIFIES AND ENHANCES THE CULTURAL HERITAGE OF RIOBAMBA

The new generations are losing the historical and cultural significance of the different characters that participate during the Christmas festivities in the city of Riobamba; the introduction of foreign characters through movies, series, animations, or other media has caused the loss of identity, history, and traditions in the city. The purpose of this research work is to present, rescue, and preserve the cultural manifestations of the town of Riobamba, relying on three characters identified for performing dances and dances of the local culture during the parade of the child King of Kings. The ethnographic or qualitative research methodology was applied, using observation as a data collection technique. Using the Autodesk Maya software for 3D modeling, it was possible to obtain high-quality images of the representative characters. The character modeling process followed the phases of the XP software development methodology. The survey was used to validate the results. It is possible to validate the three characters before a sample of 287 students of the Software. Graphic Design careers, identifying that the Identification and Similarity variables present values between 51.6% and 96.9%, equivalent to satisfactory and very satisfactory; the lowest point has the Chromatic variable. of the Curiquingue character with 43.9% that guarantees a redesign of the character for future works. The enhancement of the cultural heritage of Riobamba is achieved in public surveys since some students state that they do not know the modeled characters but are willing to use souvenirs to make more people aware of the culture and heritage of Riobamba.

Comparison of radio propagation models in five LTE coverage cells in Riobamba

This article makes a comparative analysis of the power intensity levels measured with the Network Cell Info Lite application and the performance of the different Log-Normal, Okumura Hata, COST 231, Wolfish Bertoni and SUI propagation models in the Frequency Band 4G LTE. The study was carried out in 5 LTE coverage cells located in the southern area of ​​the City of Riobamba and the model that best fits each cell is limited using absolute error analysis, obtaining an empirical correction factor for the proposed models. For the analysis of the absolute error, 3 measurement campaigns were carried out with 50 samples where the mean value was obtained. The analysis carried out will be suspended because the Log-Normal model is the one that best fits the Riobamba environment considering that it is a residential area, and that the power levels vary from (-80 dBm to -106 dBm) and that the coverage areas were determined up to 200m.

Comparison of radio propagation models in five LTE coverage cells in Riobamba

This article performs a comparative analysis of the power intensity levels measured with the Network Cell Info Lite application and the performance of the different propagation models: Log-Normal, Okumura Hata, COST 231, Walfish Bertoni, and SUI in the 4G LTE Frequency Band. The study was conducted in five LTE coverage cells located in the southern area of the city of Riobamba. The model that best fits each cell was chosen by means of absolute error analysis, thus obtaining an empirical correction factor for the proposed models. For the analysis of the absolute error, three measurement campaigns were carried out with 50 samples where the mean value was obtained. After applying the aforementioned models, the Log-Normal model yielded the most favorable results, being the one that achieved the best adaptation in Riobamba, since the power levels vary in the range (-80; -106) dBm at a coverage area not exceeding 200m.

Consumer Behaviour and Attitude towards the Purchase of Organic Products in Riobamba, Ecuador.

The development of organic agriculture has been promoted worldwide to improve the nutritional health of families, and Ecuador is no exception. The aim of this research was to identify the behaviour and attitudes of consumers toward the commercialization of organic products in the city of Riobamba. This will help us to understand in what situations the consumers access these foods, the producer position in relation to the market, and to know their attitude towards these products. The study used a quantitative approach, and is descriptive, incorporating the deductive method and a non-experimental design. The techniques used were a survey as a source of data collection, with a sample including 195 consumers. Linear regression was applied to test the hypotheses; this made it possible to identify those demographic and cultural factors that determine, to a lesser extent, consumer purchase behaviour in regard to organic products. The study determined that motivation, emotions, and feelings are significantly related to the consumer’s attitude and purchase of organic products.

Propagation models applied to LTE technologies in residential areas in Riobamba – Ecuador

Introduction. It is known that in any transmission system what propagates are electromagnetic waves which are transmitted and received and knowing the trend in which it varies with distance is one of the fundamental requirements for a reliable and efficient cellular transmission system. Objectives: To conduct a comparative study of five propagation models in different scenarios in the northern area of the city of Riobamba; to determine which of the five models included in the study is the most applicable in each case. Methodology: To make a comparative diagram by means of graphs showing the trend of each of the propagation models with respect to the measurements obtained by means of the software. Results: The SUI propagation model is the one that was adapted to the scenarios proposed because its calculations to determine path losses include more specific data within a suburban area. Conclusions: After the respective investigations and the results obtained, it was determined that from a considerable distance between the base station and the mobile receiver, the reception power decreases.

A Spatially Correlated Model with Generalized Autoregressive Conditionally Heteroskedastic Structure for Counts of Crimes.

Crime is a negative phenomenon that affects the daily life of the population and its development. When modeling crime data, assumptions on either the spatial or the temporal relationship between observations are necessary if any statistical analysis is to be performed. In this paper, we structure space–time dependency for count data by considering a stochastic difference equation for the intensity of the space–time process rather than placing structure on a latent space–time process, as Cox processes would do. We introduce a class of spatially correlated self-exciting spatio-temporal models for count data that capture both dependence due to self-excitation, as well as dependence in an underlying spatial process. We follow the principles in Clark and Dixon (2021) but considering a generalized additive structure on spatio-temporal varying covariates. A Bayesian framework is proposed for inference of model parameters. We analyze three distinct crime datasets in the city of Riobamba (Ecuador). Our model fits the data well and provides better predictions than other alternatives.

Psychology of Smell: Its Influence on the Consumer in the Boutiques of the City of Riobamba

Olfactory marketing is a current trend that arises from sensory marketing and neuromarketing, which creates sensory experiences through smell, with certain aromas within the points of sale, in order to influence a consumer’s association toward a product or a brand and thus the profitability of the company. Sensory marketing focuses on the correct use of the senses and the management of emotions, which positively favors the sale of a product or service. Olfactory perception is the first sensory system that produces emotions when it receives a stimulus and stays longer in memory. The current research analyzes a specific aroma used in boutiques to increase the association of the brand with the consumer's memory. A neurosensory instrument called electroencephalogram was used to determine the cognitive fluency of the aroma. The equipment records the electrical activity of the brain, these impulses generate levels of meditation and attention before the influence of an aroma.