City Of Perm Research Articles

T786C eNOS polymorphism as risk factor for recurrent myocardial infarction in young and middleaged patients

Objective. To determine the possible role of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) polymorphism T786C (rs 2070744) in developing of recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) in young and middle-aged patients. Materials and methods. 114 patients with acute MI treated with percutaneous coronary intervention and thrombolysis that were admitted to Clinical cardiologic dispensary (Perm city, Russia) were enrolled into a study. Among them there were 28 patients with recurrent MI. The eNOS T786C polymorphism were determined by real-time PCR. Results. In T786C polymorphism of eNOS, compared with the T/T genotype, it was determined that those with T/C has 2,27 fold (95 % CI: 1.01–5.49), and those with the CC genotype has 2.22 times (95 % CI: 1.30–8.53) (p = 0.034) greater risk of developing recurrent MI. Patients with severe coronary arteries atherosclerosis more frequently had eNOS T786C polymorphism of T/C genotype (OR = 4,67; 95 % CI: 1,38–15,37; p = 0,031). Conclusion. The eNOS T786C variants could be evaluated as recurrent MI risk factor in young and middle-aged patients.

Liquid and gas flow in the sewer network in the city of Perm

The article describes the reasons for the formation of odors near the drainage system. The data on monitoring the section of the main unloading sewer in the city of Perm are presented. During the monitoring period, the samples of wastewater, atmospheric air quality have been taken, directly at the very point and at the border of the established sanitary protection zone (hereinafter referred to as the SPZ) or at the border of the nearest residential development (more than 30 m from the research point); in some points, the volume of the gas-air medium and the speed of gas movement in the sewer have been measured. Based on the studies carried out, the network parameters influencing the direction of gas movement have been determined. The calculation of the gaseous medium in the gravity reservoir under the influence of the entraining ability of the liquid and natural draft has been carried out. A gravity section has been taken for the calculation, located after the pressure head with the greatest length. Based on the results of the calculations, proposals are presented to change the direction of the gas-air medium, along with the direction of the wastewater flow.

Seasonal Changes in the Composition and Thermal Properties of Municipal Solid Waste: A Case Study of the City of Perm, Russia

The paper presents experimental studies of municipal solid waste (MSW) composition and its thermal properties (moisture and ash content). Measurements were taken to track seasonal changes in the composition of MSW. For example, in spring, the content of organic waste was 17.0% and, in autumn, it reached 31.5% due to considerable consumption of seasonal vegetables and fruits. The share of paper in MSW changed from 21.4% in spring to 9.7% in autumn. More paper in spring is due to discarded student notebooks at the end of a school year, as well as spring household cleaning. These data indicate significant changes in waste composition during the year, which should be taken into account when planning technologies for waste management.
 Laboratory studies of moisture and ash content by season allowed the range of these changes to be determined. In autumn for instance, the moisture and ash content of organic waste was about 82% and 14%, respectively, while in winter, it was approximately 73% and 22%, respectively. These figures can be explained by the organic waste origin: autumn organic waste often comes from fruit pulp and, for example, watermelon peels, and winter organic waste tends to consist mostly of dry vegetable peels such as potato peelings.
 The low calorific value of certain components is based on their composition and the level of moisture and ash in different seasons. Therefore, it is important to take into account the moisture and ash content of individual components, not average values, in order to calculate the waste calorific value.
 MSW thermal characteristics change significantly over the seasons: the MSW moisture content is the highest in autumn (about 49%) and the lowest in winter (32%). The ash content in MSW ranges from 20% in spring and autumn to 27% in summer. The lowest calorific value per working mass in different seasons varies from 7 to 10 MJ/kg, which must be taken into consideration when developing waste management systems in general and when designing specific energy recovery facilities.

«Дело Пермской лечкомиссии»: коррупционные практики на Урале в первой половине 1930-х гг.

The paper considers the daily life and management practice of party and economic leaders of the city of Perm of the Ural (Sverdlovsk) region in the first half of the 1930s. The facts of illegal spending of financial and material resources for personal purposes are analyzed on the basis of documents of party control bodies from the Center of Documentation of public organizations of the Sverdlovsk region. According to the documents, the source of luxurious life of the local party nomenclature, in addition to budgetary funds, was financial resources of enterprises, organizations and institutions. The key city officials and their “inner circle” lived in fairly comfortable conditions, even in hungry times they held banquets and parties and wore expensive clothes. The author came to conclusion that corruption activity of economic and party leaders ran contrary to the image of a communist proclaimed by the Soviet propaganda, with the declared ideas of equality and justice. Therefore, such actions caused not only significant economic damage, but also inflicted irreparable reputation damage and discredited the Soviet system of government as a whole.

Digital education: Using electronic resources in psychological support of the educational process

The article discusses the development trends of the modern preschool education system in the aspect of the activity of the teacherpsychologist of the preschool educational organization. The experience of using 1C software products in the practical work of the psychological service of kindergarten 318 of the city of Perm in the aspects of psychological monitoring of children’s readiness to study at school and correctional and developmental work with preschool children is presented. The components of the child’s psychological readiness for school are described. On practical examples, diagnostic methods for determining the level of readiness of children for schooling are analyzed. The data of testing kindergarten pupils at the beginning of the 2019/2020 school year on the parameters allowing to identify urgent problems and determine the direction of the necessary correctional development work are presented. Features of the practical application of the software product 1C:Preschool Psychodiagnostics in the process of psychological support of preparing children for school are considered. Methods are described, the scope of which is aimed not only at the study of personality traits, but also at its development. The possibilities of using games of the 1C:Educational Collection in the correctional and developmental work are disclosed. The description of game collections is given, options for their use are presented.

The Effect of Unsteady Water Discharge through Dams of Hydroelectric Power Plants on Hydrodynamic Regimes of the Upper Pools of Waterworks

The hydrological regimes of surface water bodies, as a rule, are unsteady. However, accounting for the non-stationarity substantially complicates the hydrodynamic calculations. Because of this, the scenario approach is traditionally used in the calculations. Characteristic scenarios are set with constant hydrological characteristics throughout the time covered in the calculations. This approach is fully justified if the characteristic time of the change in water flow rate is much longer than the calculation time. However, nowadays, tasks are becoming more and more urgent when accounting for flow variability during calculation period becomes crucial. First of all, such a problem arises when assessing the effect of non-stationary water discharge through hydroelectric power plant dams on the hydrodynamic regime of both the upper and lower pools of the reservoir. In the present paper, the effect of the intraday variability of the Kamskaya Hydroelectric Power Plant (Kamskaya HEPP) operation on the peculiarities of the hydrodynamic regimes of the near-dam part of the upper pool of the Kama reservoir is described. The importance of the problem is determined by the location of the main drinking water intake of Perm city and one of the largest thermal power plants (TPP) in Europe, Permskaya TPP, in this part of the reservoir. This TPP uses a direct-flow cooling system from the Kama reservoir, which is very sensitive to the peculiarities of the hydrodynamic regime of the reservoir. The computational experiments based on the combined hydrodynamic models in 2D/3D formulations have shown that the intraday oscillations of the discharge flow rate through the dam of the HEPP have a very significant effect on the hydrodynamic regime of the reservoir in the vicinity of the Permskaya TPP; therefore, these effects must be taken into account when minimizing the risks of thermal effluents entering the intake channel of the Permskaya TPP.

Female population of Perm krai in numbers

Aim. The article presents the results of the analysis of data characterizing the female population of the Perm Territory and the city of Perm for the period of 19902019.
 Results. The gender structure indicates the predominance of the female population. The percentage of women on average over the study period is 52.9 % in Perm Territory and 55.3 % in Perm. Evaluation of the age structure indicates decrease in the number of women of reproductive age (1849 years) in the Perm Territory by 13.7 %, decrease in the number of girls (014 years) and teenager (1517 years), and increase in the number women of late reproductive age (3549 years) by 2.1 % in the Perm Territory and by 0.5 % in Perm.
 Conclusions. The data presented coincide with the general trend of decrease in the total population of the Perm Territory by 3.2 % (122 thousand people), in Perm by 2.4 % (26 thousand people).

Company innovative values differentiation in the context of personal mechanisms of employee proactivity and work types

A culture that supports personnel initiatives is of critical importance when building a holistic mechanism for the innovative development of an organization. At the same time, in both theory and practice, there is a lack of understanding of the reasons behind the insufficient effectiveness of such cultures. We assume that this is a consequence of employees’ selective perception of company innovative values, which is due to differences in the personal mechanisms of proactivity (PMP) of employees performing different types of work. The study aims to identify the innovative values corresponding to the PMP and the nature of employees’ work. The methodological framework of the research is the concepts of personal initiative and proactive behavior of employees. The data are obtained from six companiesin the city of Perm (Russia) during a survey of 265 employees, whose work implies taking the initiative (creating new intelligent products and services, promoting and selling products). The research method is a questionnaire based on the model of company values that are focused on workers initiatives, and three types of PMP – self-leadership, self-development and engagement. To process the data, the author uses PLS analysis and SPSS software platform. As a result, we identify three groups of corporate values that support employees’ proactive behavior: (a) in the field of sales and promotion of products and services – values of leadership and personal success; (b) in the creation and development of intelligent products and solutions – self-directed learning, creative search and innovation; (c) regardless of the type of professional activity – engagement in improving the organization’s activity. The obtained results make an additional contribution to understanding the mechanisms of the influence of innovative culture on the initiative behavior of personnel.

Palaeogeographical heritage of the Permian Period in the network of protected areas and museums of the Perm Region

Article presents an overview of palaeogeographical heritage of the Permian Period in the network of protected areas and museums of the Perm Region. Permian Period, received its name after the city of Perm in Russia, includes the so-called “Main Permian Field”. It contains two types of palaeogeorgaphical heritage: marine and terrestrial. The representation of palaeogeographical objects of different types is analysed for the geoheritage of the protected areas in situ. Geoheritage ex situ, in the network of the regional museum collections, is estimated from the representative aspects. Recommendations on optimization of the protected areas network and museum acquisition is given from the point of view of paleo-geographical heritage objects representation.

Transformation of social and liturgical practices of Perm religious organizations under the influence of lockdown and the pandemic

The article provides a brief description of the religious space of the Perm region and analyzes social and liturgical practices and possible options for their transformation as a result of self-isolation of residents of the Perm region from April to December 2020. There is a General trend towards the virtualization of religious space, the use of which ceases to be specific only for new religious teachings. Traditional religious denominations are beginning to actively use the Internet space, offering believers a virtual religious product, however, an important assumption is made that traditional organizations are not ready to completely replace traditional social and liturgical practices, which are an important part of the religious process, with their virtual counterparts. The article clarifies the concept of «religious practices» and suggests that the speed of transformation processes depends on the size of urban agglomeration and the complexity of building a religious space in a particular area. In particular, the analysis of Protestant religious space, high organizational complexity and low vertical structure that allows Protestant religious groups, organizations or associations as quickly as possible to implement its social and liturgical practice traditional religious archetype innovations. The article deals with the peculiarities of transformation of social and liturgical practices in the majority of religious organizations and associations registered in the territory of the city of Perm. The analysis of the processes taking place in the religious environment in a large urban agglomeration with a complex structure of religious space shows the presence of transformational changes in the implementation of social and liturgical practices of religious organizations and associations under the influence of self-isolation and a pandemic, despite the conservative conditions of the internal religious environment.

РАСПРОСТРАНЕННОСТЬ МОДИФИЦИРУЕМЫХ ФАКТОРОВ РИСКА В ПОПУЛЯЦИИ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С САХАРНЫМ ДИАБЕТОМ, В ТОМ ЧИСЛЕ С СИНДРОМОМ ДИАБЕТИЧЕСКОЙ СТОПЫ

Goal of work - identify modifiable risk factors for chronic non-infectious diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and in the formation of diabetic foot syndrome. Material and methods. A comparative medical and social study was conducted - a survey of patients in clinics of the city of Perm, suffering and not suffering from diabetes. The study involved 230 people who were assigned according to the presence/absence of diabetes mellitus. The first group included 178 patients with an average age of 45.8 (30.0; 59.0). The second group included 27 patients with diabetes mellitus, with an average age of 61.7 years (50.0; 62.0). The third group included 25 patients with diabetic foot syndrome, whose average age was 64.72 years (61.0; 69.0). Women predominated in all groups. Original and generally accepted questionnaires were used to study the presence of common risk factors for chronic diseases among respondents. Results. The analysis of the studied materials showed a clear qualitative and quantitative pattern of accumulation of risk factors in the age exponent. Most risk factors tend to grow up to 54-65 years. Risk factors such as smoking, alcohol abuse, poor nutrition and overweight, depression and hypertension predominate (р<0,05) in older age groups of respondents. In patients with diabetes mellitus, low physical activity, poor nutrition, and obesity predominate (р<0,05). In patients with diabetic foot syndrome, the same risk factors were identified as in patients without this pathology. At the same time, in respondents with diabetic foot syndrome, physical activity was minimal, and body mass index values were much higher (р<0,05); in addition, patients with diabetic foot syndrome are more likely (р<0,05) to be depressed and perceive their health as «very poor.»

Temperature Dependence of the Processes of Acrylamide Biodegradation in River Silt Suspensions at Their Inoculation by Selected Bacterial Strains

The temperature dependence of the rate of acrylamide biodegradation by silt microorganisms of small rivers in the Perm krai is studied in the antropogenically polluted Danilikha River, flowing in the territory of Perm city, and the Syuz’va River’s relatively clear tributary in Nytvenskii district. The rate of acrylamide biodegradation increases after introducing into river silt the biomass of bacteria of strains Alcaligenes faecalis 2 and Acinetobacter guillouiae 11h, selected toward an increase in amidase activity. It is shown that, at the ambient temperature of 30°C, the complete degradation of 100 mM acrylamide solution by silt microbiocenosis from the Danilikha River and a tributary of the Syuz’va River has taken place by the 21st and 28th day, respectively, while at 5 and 16–20°C, acrylamide concentration has decreased only slightly even by the 63rd day. The introduction of the biomass of preselected bacteria considerably reduces the time required for complete degradation of acrylamide. At temperature 5°C, acrylamide utilization can take place only at inoculation of silts by the biomass of amidase-containing microorganisms. A mathematical model of acrylamide biodegradation in silt suspensions of small rivers is given; kinetic curves of changes in its concentration are presented, and temperature dependences of biodegradation rates are obtained for different variants of the process.

Risk factors of abdominal wound dehiscence in abdominal surgery

To evaluate the role of various perioperative risk factors on the incidence of abdominal wound dehiscence. A retrospective controlled randomized trial of the risk factors of abdominal wound dehiscence was conducted in 62 patients for the period 2013- 2018. The research was performed at the Perm City Clinical Hospital No. 4. All patients were divided into two groups: the main one (n=31) with abdominal wound dehiscence in early postoperative period and the control group (n=31) without this event. Both groups were comparable by gender, age and surgical abdominal diseases. Between-group differences in numerical indicators were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U-test, qualitative variables were analyzed using contingency tables. Differences were significant at p-value <0.05. Incidence of abdominal wound dehiscence was similar in patients who admitted in emergency and elective fashion (p=0.54). Anemia upon admission (p=0.71), diabetes mellitus type 2 (p=1.00), COPD (p=0.13) and obesity (p=0.76) were not significant predictors of abdominal wound dehiscence. There were significant between-group differences in CRP level (p=0.04). Among intraoperative risk factors, duration of surgery (p=0.78), surgical approach (p=1.00), aponeurosis suturing technique (p=0.39) and stoma (p=0.71) did not significantly affect the incidence of abdominal wound dehiscence. In early postoperative period, abdominal wound dehiscence correlated with peritonitis (p=0.04), SSI (p<0.01) and redo laparotomy (p=0.02). Despite the variety of pre-, intra- and postoperative risk factors, only infectious postoperative complications (SSI, peritonitis) and redo surgical interventions influenced the development of abdominal wound dehiscence. Thus, the concept of abdominal wound dehiscence prevention should be inextricably associated with the concept of prevention of postoperative infectious complications from the abdominal wall and abdominal cavity.

Improvement of monitoring requirements over the application of chlorine-containing agents for water decontamination

Introduction. Oxidizing methods are most widely used for water disinfection with such reagents as chlorine, chlorine dioxide, sodium, and calcium hypochlorite. However, the regulatory instruments of the sanitary and epidemiologic legislation do not fully reflect the requirements for monitoring of their use. Materials and methods. We analyzed the research, regulatory and methodological literature concerning water disinfection issues in the process of water treatment and the parameters of water disinfection efficiency as well as the quality of drinking water of three water treatment stations based on production control data (Perm, Russia) and the results of own research (the towns of Nizhny Tagil (Russia) and Curitiba (Brazil)). Results. A comparative analysis of regulatory documents governing the parameters of the efficacy and safety of drinking water disinfection with chlorine in different years showed that, after the completion of the disinfection process of drinking water, residual free chlorine should be kept within 0.3–0.5 mg/L after 30 minutes of contact or residual bound chlorine – within 0.8–1.2 mg/L after 60 minutes of contact. With the simultaneous presence of free and bound chlorine in water, their total concentration should not exceed 1.2 mg/L. When analyzing the production control data for drinking water in the city of Perm, where chloramination was used for water treatment, we established that the concentration range of 1.04–1.44 mg/L of only the residual bound chlorine ensured high efficiency of water disinfection according to microbiological indicators. The examples of water treatment plants in the towns of Nizhny Tagil and Curitiba demonstrated that water treatment with 0.3 and 0.4 mg/L of chlorine dioxide formed no new dangerous organochlorine compounds but the disinfected drinking water contained residual amounts of chlorine dioxide, as well as chlorite and chlorate anions. Conclusion: These indicators should be included in the regulatory documents to monitor the safe use of chlorine dioxide for water disinfection.

Analysis of tools aimed at managung ambient air qyality in Perm city

Analysis of tools aimed at managung ambient air qyality in Perm city

The study of indoor concentrations of organic compounds in school classrooms and accumulated blood xenobiotic levels in children

The analysis of multicomponent chemical composition of atmospheric air and the air of residential and public premises, including school indoor air, is an urgent task of modern hygienic studies devoted to environmental quality and risk assessment of adverse health effects of dangerous chemicals. The priority sources of air pollution inside classrooms are finishing materials (linoleum, wallpaper, varnishes, paints, etc.) and emissions of monomers from furniture made of chipboards processed with polymer resins. The article demonstrates the results of screening tests establishing the levels of airborne toxic organic compounds (phenol, formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) both inside and outside educational premises affected by various environmental exposures (conditional areas of observation and comparison). To assess the chemical body burden, blood levels of certain chemicals were measured in schoolchildren dwelling in the observation (study) and comparison (control) areas. Blood tests were accompanied by indoor and outdoor air monitoring in the educational establishments. We examined the total of 424 children including 231 students from primary, secondary and high schools of the city of Perm (observation area) and 193 schoolchildren of grades 1–11 living in the town of Kungur (comparison area). We established that the average daily concentrations of phenol and formaldehyde in indoor air in Perm were 2.4 and 5.6 times higher (р &lt; 0.05) than those in Kungur. Outdoor concentrations of phenol and formaldehyde in Perm were 2.6 and 3.7 times higher than those in Kungur. The analysis of blood levels of certain organic compounds in the primary, secondary and high school children in Perm showed significantly higher concentrations of phenol, benzene, and toluene (p &lt; 0.05) (1.5, 1.1, and 1.2 times, respectively). The average blood concentration of formaldehyde in the study group was 1.3 times higher (p &lt; 0.05) than that in children of the comparison area. No significant differences between the comparison and observation groups (p &lt; 0.05) were found in blood levels of xylene and ethylbenzene. Children’s blood concentrations of the identified organic compounds indicate the presence of external sources of exposure to these toxicants.

The quality monitoring of outdoor lightning using IoT technologies

This paper discusses the various aspects of the instrumental quality monitoring of city outdoor lighting using IoT technologies on the example of the central area of Perm city, such as selection of the monitored parameter and its measurement methods, methods of processing measured data, the applicability of the results of measurements for various applications using Big Data.

Analysis of the impact of organochlorine compounds contained in the water network of the domestic water supply on the health of population in cities of the Perm Krai

The article presents the analysis of the impact of drinking water organochlorine compounds on the population health (Perm region). Results of the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risk assessment for population of the city of Perm and the Perm region under the chronic oral exposure of organochlorine compounds in drinking water are presented. Real concentrations of organochlorine compounds in drinking water were determined to be potent of emerging an unacceptable risk of diseases of the digestive system, endocrine system, hormone system, excretory system, central nervous system and the blood system. According to the results of epidemiological studies there was established the statistically significant relation between the consumption of water containing organochlorine compounds and the development of diseases of the digestive system, endocrine system, central nervous system, and excretory system.

Modern epidemiological characteristic of gonococcal infection incidence manifestations

Aim. To carry out the epidemiological analysis and assessment of manifestations of gonococcal infection incidence on the model of the city of Perm.&#x0D; Materials and methods. Retrospective analysis of gonococcal infection morbidity indices was implemented on the basis of the data of official statistics of Federal Budgetary Healthcare Institution Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology of Perm Krai for the years 19902016 (form 2, form 12), Territorial Board of Federal Service of State Statistics of Perm Krai (Permstat) and State Budgetary Institution of Healthcare of Perm Krai Regional Clinical Dermatovenerological Dispensary for the years 20122016. Epidemiological method includes evaluative-descriptive epidemiological methods: analysis and assessment of multiyear dynamics of gonorrhea incidence for the years 1990 to 2016, gender, age, urban structure of gonorrhea patients.&#x0D; Results. Analysis and assessment of gonococcal infection (GI) incidence manifestations in Perm and Perm Krai for the years 1990 to 2016 according to the data of official statistics permitted to detect the epidemiological characteristic features of this infection at the present stage. Among them are the following: in a multiyear dynamics a marked tendency to decrease, absence of regular cyclic fluctuations; in an annual dynamics a year-round observed epidemic level of morbidity irrespective of the periods of high and low levels, rises and falls, involvement into epidemic process as risk groups: adults aged 2130 and adolescents aged 1517, mainly males.&#x0D; Conclusions. The absence of regularly repeated fluctuations in a multiyear dynamics of morbidity shows no influence of periodically available causative agents and impossibility of epidemiologic control of GI process on gonorrhea incidence at the modern stage.

Spreading of Alien Zooplankton Species of Ponto-Caspian Origin in the Reservoirs of the Volga and Kama Rivers

Zooplankton was studied in August 2015–2017 in eight reservoirs of the Volga River, in an unregulated part of the river between the cities of Volgograd and Astrakhan, and in three reservoirs of the Kama River. The Ponto-Caspian species were recorded in the Volga River downstream of the city of Kazan (south of 55°32′ N) and in the Kama River from the mouth to the upper reaches of the Kama Reservoir (59°20′ N). Six alien species (Heterocope caspia, Calanipeda aquaedulcis, Eurytemora caspica, Cornigerius maeoticus maeoticus, Cercopagis pengoi, and Podonevadne trigona ovum) were recorded in the Volga reservoirs and three species (Heterocope caspia, Eurytemora caspica, and Cercopagis pengoi) were recorded in the Kama reservoirs. It was found first time that copepods Heterocope caspia and Eurytemora caspica spread and naturalized in the areas of all three Kama reservoirs (within the distance of 1000 km from the Volga River); the cladoceran Cercopagis pengoi formed a disrupted range with a group of habitats in the mouth part of the Kama River (55°12′–55°26′ N) and north near the city of Perm (57°53′–58°26′ N). The boundary of the ranges of Calanipeda aquaedulcis, Cornigerius maeoticus, and Cercopagis pengoi shifted 300–400 km to the north in the Volga River and 300 km in the Kama River; they occupied almost all area of the Kuibyshev Reservoir except for the upper reaches of its Volga part. The range expansion of the cladoceran Podonevadne trigona ovum was not observed; this species was found only in the Volgograd Reservoir (46°18′ N). It was revealed that by 2017 the Mediterranean copepod Calanipeda aquaedulcis had become common (occurrence in more than 90% of samples), locally numerous in the Volga River from the city of Astrakhan (52° N) to the mouth of the Kama River (55°12′ N) and in the Kama River from the mouth to the upper reaches of the Kama part of the Kuibyshev Reservoir (55°24′ N). It is revealed that a new species Eurytemora caspica (described in 2013), but not E. affinis (as it was believed earlier), lives in the Volga and Kama rivers. The prospects of the further spread of Ponto-Caspian species up the Volga and Kama rivers and their role in the zooplankton in water bodies are discussed.