Osh City Research Articles

Pathogens of Plant Diseases in Osh City and Their Connection with Climatic Conditions of Kyrgyzstan

The article discusses the issues of improving the environmental situation, creating a favorable environment for health and, therefore, the need to combat plant pathology in large cities of Kyrgyzstan. Methods of increasing sustainability are analyzed and recommendations for improving the efficiency of the urban green space system are proposed. Based on this, the purpose of the work is to study the possibilities of improving the ecological condition of cities in modern conditions by controlling pests of urban plants. During the research, methods of qualitative identification and analysis of pests of urban plants were used. The information and empirical base of the study was our own laboratory research data. The scientific novelty lies in the identification and identification of pests of planted woody, shrubby and ornamental plants in Osh city. Based on the analysis of pests of planted woody, shrubby and ornamental plants in the city of Osh, it is proposed to strengthen control and research in the field of phytopathology to improve the urban environment by greening urban areas with resistant species to the identified pathologies of woody, shrubby and ornamental plant species. The necessity of forming a pest control system for plants and protecting the ecology of cities is substantiated. As a result of the study, the main types of pests of planted woody, shrubby and ornamental plants in urban areas of Osh were identified.

Accumulation of Heavy Metals in the Leaves of Some Woody Plants in Osh City

Pollution of the environment with harmful substances occupies a leading place among global environmental problems. This phenomenon is closely related to anthropogenic activity, especially in cities. The origin and chemical nature of harmful substances are different, but heavy metals occupy a special place among them. Over the past ten years, research aimed at studying the distribution of heavy metals in the environment and their accumulation in plants has significantly developed. Because the Sustainable Development Goals adopted by the UN in 2015 provide for by 2030, to reduce the negative environmental impact of cities per capita, including by paying special attention to air quality and the removal of urban and other waste. The purpose of our research was to determine the characteristics of the accumulation of heavy metals in the leaves of trees and shrubs growing in the park areas of Osh. The trees selected as objects were Salix babylonica L., Acer pseudoplatanus L., Populus ×canescens (Aiton) Sm., Platanus orientalis L., Juniperus virginiana L., planted in park areas near highways. The concentration of heavy metals was determined by the atomic absorption method in the Central Laboratory State Enterprise under the Ministry of Natural Resources, Ecology and Technical Control of the Kyrgyz Republic. Quantitative analysis revealed the presence of some heavy metals: manganese, copper, lead, strontium and zinc in all plant samples. Laboratory tests showed a high concentration of copper, exceeding the MAC. Based on the research results, we note the need to continue studying the influence of heavy metals on the physiological processes of various tree species in Osh and expanding the geography of research in the city’s microdistricts.

Phenophases of Species of the Salix Genus in the Conditions of Osh City

The study of the phenology of urban trees and shrubs has increased dramatically worldwide in recent years, as changes in plant phenology may indicate the impacts of climate change at different scales. The aim of the study is to determine the patterns of the seasonal rhythm of individual species belonging to the Salixgenus in Osh. The studies were conducted in the period 2019-2023 at the Department of Biology, Chemistry and Nature Management of Osh State Pedagogical University. The subject of the study is 4 species of the genus Salix: Salix babylonica L., Salix turanica Nasarow, Salix wilhelmsiana M. Bieb. and Salix tenuijulis Ledeb. Phenological observations were carried out for 5 years using generally accepted phenological methods. The results of phenological observations in 2019-2023 show that the duration of the growing season in urban conditions is 240-245 days, and this indicator varies depending on climatic conditions. The observed species have differences in the flowering sequence, the beginning and duration of flowering. The total duration of flowering in the studied species is 25-35 days. The seasonal type of growth and phenological development of plants of the genus Salix is characterized by an early onset and late end of vegetation, stability of average phenological terms. Such a phenological rhythm of the studied species of the genus Salix makes it possible to consider cultivation for decorative and environmental purposes in urban conditions promising.

Cardiovascular mortality rate between 2018 and 2022 in Kyrgyz Republic

Abstract Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the number one cause of death in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including Kyrgyz Republic. According to official statistics, CVD ranks first in the structure of overall mortality, accounting for more than half (52.1% according to 2022 data) of all deaths. Purpose to analyze the cardiovascular mortality rate in the Kyrgyz Republic, from 2018 to 2022. Methods Medical and statistical information on mortality from CVD in the population was obtained from the Centre for Electronic Health (CEH) of the Ministry of Health. To conduct a comparative analysis, relative indicators per 100 thousand population were calculated. A retrospective epidemiological study of mortality from CVD including different nosological forms over period for 2018–2022 was conducted, calculating the rate of increase (decrease). An analysis of the epidemiological situation of the disease in nine administrative-territorial units of the Kyrgyz Republic was also carried out with the calculation of the average 5-year mortality ratefor the period from 2018 to 2022. Results Despite the decrease in morbidity, a high proportion of mortality from CVD remains in all years, more than 50%. In terms of the percentage indicator for recent years, all this time it has maintained the highest position, in contrast to diseases of other organs and systems. In the last decade, from 2012 until 2020, there was a gradual decrease in the mortality rate. Since 2020, we have seen a sharp increase in the CVD mortality rate per 100 thousand population by 19.6% compared to 2018, by 19.4% since 2019, which is associated with the influence of Covid-19 pandemic, in 2021 this indicator amounted to 297.6 cases, in 2022 - 234.5. The main contribution to population death from CVD is made by coronary heart disease (65.90%), including acute myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular diseases (21.4%), arterial hypertension (5.9%). If we analyze the mortality rate from CVD by nine administrative-territorial units, the highest rates in 2022 are observed in the Chui and Talas regions, 291.9 and 266.3 per 100 thousand population respectively; the lowest in the Osh region (207.3), Osh city (196.1) and Bishkek (208.6), which is explained by the better organization of health services in these areas. Conclusion CVD remains the main cause of mortality in the population of the Kyrgyz Republic. Although over the past year there has been a good decline in this indicator, in almost all regions, particularly the greatest successes have been achieved in Naryn and Issyk-Kul regions. In connection with the above, there is requirement for a clear identification of priorities when determining the strategy of treatment and preventive interventions. It is necessary to create an effective National system of care for patients with CVD with a focus on emergency cardiac care and prevention issues.

Analysis of the Species Composition of Wood and Shrubs Species, Their Role in the Structure of City Parks of Osh

In the city of Osh, one of the acute problems when using wood species in landscape design is the study of their ecological properties in relation to the environment. The planting of trees in urban parks, squares along streets and boulevards is influenced by various environmental factors. In such conditions, the study of the ecological state and viability of plants is relevant, since woody plants perform sanitary, hygienic and aesthetic functions in an urbanized environment. The main purpose of this scientific article is to identify in the conditions of the city of Osh, the peculiarities of the development of ornamental species of woody and shrubby plants, the ecological justification of their reconstruction, to improve the sanitary and hygienic condition and the development of practical recommendations in landscape works. The study of the characteristics of tree and shrub species and the results obtained to assess their role in the structure of urban parks in Osh will help to improve their decorative qualities, the correct choice of their placement, care and improvement of the urban environment. The results of the work can also be used in the construction and reconstruction of green spaces in parks in the city of Osh, as well as in the improvement of other public facilities in the city. The practical recommendations obtained from the results of the study initiate a large-scale reconstruction of planted species of trees and shrubs in parks, squares and along modern streets.

КЫРГЫЗСТАНДЫН ТҮШТҮГҮНДӨГҮ АЙРЫМ СУУ САКТАГЫЧТАРДЫН ФИТОПЛАНКТОН БОЮНЧА ЭКОЛОГИЯЛЫК АБАЛЫ

The Papan and Naiman reservoirs are artificial reservoirs created to supply drinking water to the city of Osh and the settlements of the Nookat and Aravan regions. The object of study of ecology, including aquatic ecology (hydroecology, hydrobiology), is an aquatic ecosystem, which is an interconnected system of living organisms and their natural environment (water, sediments and adjacent land), in which substances and energy are formed, and there is a cyclic exchange of minerals and organic matter. Aquatic ecosystems are a complex type of artificially created reservoirs with a regulated water regime, as a result of which the level and speed of flow change, thereby determining the nature of the hydrobiological regime. The process of formation of a reservoir ecosystem depends on its specific conditions, initial biological resources, water exchange, anthropogenic loads, etc. Effective and environmentally safe use of water and biological resources of reservoirs can only be realized on the basis of a deep and comprehensive study of the structure and functioning of their ecosystems. The object of the study was the taxonomic composition of the phytoplankton of the Papan and Naiman reservoirs, located in the south of Kyrgyzstan. The relevance of the study is determined by the importance of these reservoirs in the national economy and in providing the population with clean water.

Analysis and Evaluation of Treatment and Rehabilitation Measures for Children with Cerebral Palsy

The study is devoted to the analysis of disability in children with cerebral palsy in the Kyrgyz Republic. Social impairment is typical for children with cerebral palsy, caused in most cases by multiple types of disability - restrictions on physical independence and mobility; ability to obtain an education, and master the basics of professional activity in the future, readiness for integration into society. In addition, there are problems about the impact of medical, demographic, socio-economic factors, as well as health care resources on morbidity statistics and the incidence of cerebral palsy. The article analyzes the activities of the rehabilitation center for children with musculoskeletal disabilities in the city of Osh for 2021-2023. In order to assess the quality of medical rehabilitation, an analysis and assessment of the medical history of the Center for Medical Rehabilitation from 2021-2023 was also carried out. The interviewing was carried out using a questionnaire specially developed by us, including 12 questions. When analyzing the medical history of children diagnosed with cerebral palsy who underwent medical rehabilitation at the center, it was revealed that the main causes of this condition are: birth injuries, intrauterine infection, premature birth, low birth weight, neuroinfection and severe meningococcal infection before the age of years, anemia, congenital malformations and various somatic diseases. The data obtained confirm the need to create a unified database of children with cerebral palsy (CP). This will improve the organization of medical and social rehabilitation of children suffering from cerebral palsy. The joint database will help collect information on the reasons, characteristics and effectiveness of various rehabilitation methods, which in turn will contribute to more effective management and care of this vulnerable group of children.

Air Pollution as a Problem of the Modern World

Research relevance: the development of diseases and pathological conditions caused by air pollution depends on the types of pollutants, their physical and chemical characteristics, while air pollution increases the incidence of respiratory diseases. Research objectives: to develop a scheme for the pathogenesis of the development of immunological disorders in the body of people living in conditions of exposure to atmospheric air pollutants, to conduct a statistical analysis of factors influencing the development of allergic rhinitis and the development of bronchial asthma. Research materials and methods: a study of the characteristics of atmospheric air was carried out in three places in Kyrgyzstan: in the area of ​​the village Papan, near the village Gulbar, and Aravan district and near the Osh city. The study was an open, prospective, non-interventional, observational study in parallel groups. The study participants included residents of three regions of the Kyrgyz Republic, depending on the degree of air pollution. Research results: the data obtained indicated that people living in different regions of the Kyrgyz Republic with varying degrees of atmospheric pollution exhibit significant differences in indicators indicating pathology of the upper respiratory tract and allergization of the body. Conclusions: The harmful effects of air pollution and climate change on human health can be largely prevented through the timely adoption of the necessary legislation.

Disability from cardiovascular diseases at Osh city, Kyrgyz Republic

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading global cause of death, contributing to health deterioration and increased healthcare expenses. Therefore, it is of interest to investigate the disability rates related to cardiovascular diseases at Osh city, Kyrgyz Republic. We report the prevalence of disability in both urban and rural areas, highlighting the impact of regional disparities in medical and social services. Data shows that adult cardiovascular disease impairment in Kyrgyzstan suggests challenges in accessing medical and social support, particularly in rural regions. Thus, the rural-urban divide in critical disability metrics impedes equitable research. Comprehensive assessments and interventions are imperative to mitigate cardiovascular diseases and associated disabilities in both rural and urban populations at Kyrgyz Republic.

Disability from cardiovascular diseases at Osh city, Kyrgyz Republic.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading global cause of death, contributing to health deterioration and increased healthcare expenses. Therefore, it is of interest to investigate the disability rates related to cardiovascular diseases at Osh city, Kyrgyz Republic. We report the prevalence of disability in both urban and rural areas, highlighting the impact of regional disparities in medical and social services. Data shows that adult cardiovascular disease impairment in Kyrgyzstan suggests challenges in accessing medical and social support, particularly in rural regions. Thus, the rural-urban divide in critical disability metrics impedes equitable research. Comprehensive assessments and interventions are imperative to mitigate cardiovascular diseases and associated disabilities in both rural and urban populations at Kyrgyz Republic.

Strong historical earthquakes around Osh city, Kyrgyzstan

This paper presents data on strong earthquakes that occurred in the area around Osh city from various literature sources. The information on strong earthquakes of the past has been compiled on the basis of historical data. The catalog of strong earthquakes is given in the radius of 60 km from Osh city. A description of macroseismic data of these earthquakes is given.

Some Issues of Urban Environment Restoration (On the Example of the City Service of the Plant for Public Services and Amenities and Planting of Greenery of Osh City)

The article deals with the current problems in planting seedlings of flower crops of the greenhouse economy of the services of the city of Osh. As practice shows, green spaces play a huge role in cleaning the city's air. Based on this, it is necessary to grow healthy, strong seedlings of flower crops, but the task is not easy, because it is known that seedlings often suffer from infectious and non-communicable diseases. Therefore, timely prevention and protective measures will help prevent plant damage or reduce damage if the disease has already manifested itself. The authors conducted laboratory studies and proposed methods of pest control.

Assessment of Soil Fertility Status in Greenhouses (On the Example of the Enterprise for Municipal Improvement and Amenity Planting of Osh City, Kyrgyz Republic)

This article discusses the environmental problems of the country, which worsen the state of the environment and the health of residents of large cities of Kyrgyzstan. The possibility of improving the environmental situation in cities is being considered. Studies of the state of soils in the territories for planting green spaces have been carried out. The issues of formation of a favorable environment in urban conditions are considered. Types of plant pathology have been identified. Techniques for increasing the stability of artificial plantings have been developed. Recommendations for improving the efficiency of the urban green space system are proposed.

Development of a Website for the EREM Sports Complex in Osh City

The main feature of developing a sports complex website is service for current clients and useful information for new ones. This article discusses the main aspects of the EREM sports complex. The process of designing and implementing a website using modern technologies is also considered.

DESCRIPTION OF THE OSH CITY IN THE TOPONOMY OF THE FERGANA VALLEY IN BOBURNOMA

The article describes the city of Osh in the toponymy of the Fergana Valley in the Boburnoma, the origin of the name Osh in the legends, the mention of Fergana, Osh, Isfara and Qorategin as provinces, Onju Tuba from the villages of Osh region, today Navkand, Uzgend, Alatag The city of Osh is the gateway to the Fergana Valley, and the Kyrgyz villages on the way from Langar to Osh are described and briefly described on a scientific basis.

Changes in Biochemical Indicators of the Blood of Patients With Fatal COVID-19

The study of the COVID-19 course is relevant due to the fact that this disease causes changes in biochemical indicators of blood in the human body. To analyze the age category of patients with COVID-19, distribution of patients by districts and regions in the Southern region, as well as associated disease factors in patients with COVID-19 with a fatal outcome. Research purpose: analysis of the age category of patients with COVID-19, distribution of patients by districts and regions of the Southern region, as well as concomitant disease factors in patients with fatal COVID-19. Research materials and methods: a descriptive study based on the analysis of electronic medical records of patients containing complete information about the course of the disease and data from standard laboratory and instrumental methods of examination in a hospital setting. Most of the patients with COVID-19 and pneumonia were admitted in Osh city or 65%, Karasuu district 14%, Uzgen district 7%, 4% Kara-Kulja district and 2% each Alai, Chon-Alai, Aravan districts and 2% each Batken and Jala-Abad regions. Conclusion: an increase in the absolute number of neutrophils (N), a decrease in the absolute number of lymphocytes (L) and, as a result, an increase in the N/L ratio index were markers of a more severe course of the disease.

Study of the Immune Status of Kyrgyzstan Population Living Under the Exposure to Atmospheric Air Pollutants

The study of the immune status of the population living in polluted air is relevant, since air pollution caused by transport, industrial facilities adversely affect the state of health and respiratory organs. To conduct a comparative analysis of clinical and instrumental signs of respiratory system disorders in residents of the regions of Kyrgyzstan with varying degrees of air pollution. Research materials and methods: a study was made of the characteristics of atmospheric air in three areas of Kyrgyzstan: in the area of ​​the village. Papan, in the area with. Gulbar of Aravan district and in the area of ​​Osh city in according to GOST17.2.3.01-86. During analysis, dust content, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, formaldehyde, carbon monoxide was determined. Atmospheric pollution significantly affects the human immune system, creating prerequisites for the development of diseases of the respiratory system and the cardiovascular system. Thus, a significant effect of atmospheric pollution on the human immune system has been established, the imbalance of the links of which creates prerequisites for development of respiratory system diseases and the cardiovascular system.

Delinquent behavior of adolescents in Kyrgyzstan as a socio-pedagogical problem

Social changes in Kyrgyzstan have exacerbated such social problems as poverty, crime, ethnic conflicts, unemployment, and other negative social phenomena. Delinquent phenomena are unique and are the subject of special discussion during the period of transformation. Delinquent behavior of teenagers has a negative impact on the development of society. Changes in society create not only positive, but also negative phenomena in human and family relations. Various social pathologies (drug addiction, prostitution, alcoholism, etc.), criminalization of the social sphere, and other negative trends in its development represent a serious problem for sociological science. In 2020, the authors conducted an online sociological study (through Google Forms) with the participation of schoolchildren aged 14 to 17 years old. The geographic coverage of the survey included the city of Osh; 400 schoolchildren from two secondary schools took part in the survey. According to the results of the study, one of the main problems that parents face when raising teenagers is insufficient attention to children from parents. The main reasons for the delinquent behavior of adolescents, according to the respondents, are stressful life situations, an unfavorable situation in the family, and increased excitability, inability to control oneself.

Efficiency of Prontosan in Complex Treatment of Purulent Wounds

The treatment of purulent wounds is still one of the primary and not fully resolved problems of surgery. This is due to the fact that in the structure of patients in general surgical hospitals, patients with purulent diseases of soft tissues account for 30-35%, and the number of patients with postoperative purulent complications increases, which is associated with an increase in the admission of patients with destructive processes, the imperfection of preventive measures used in the moment of the operation and after it, the appearance of antibiotic-resistant forms of microflora and a decrease in the immunobiological reactivity of the population. To improve the results in the complex treatment of purulent wounds through the use of Prontosan. The research was carried out on the basis of surgery, obstetrics and gynecology department of Osh State University and in the surgical departments of the Osh City Clinical Hospital and the Osh Interregional United Clinical Hospital. Complications contribute to changes in the structure and nature of purulent lesions of soft tissues and an increase in the number of patients with purulent wounds and their complications. Introduction of measures for prevention and treatment of purulent-inflammatory complications improves results of treatment in patients with acute appendicitis and cholecystitis, as well as with purulent diseases of soft tissues. Surgeons received reasonable recommendations on the prevention of complications with the use of Prontosan.

Organizational and Tactical Solutions for the Phased Treatment of Vascular Injuries

The case histories of 574 patients treated in the vascular department of the Osh Interregional Joint Clinical Hospital and the departments of surgery and traumatology of the Osh City Clinical Hospital for the period 2011-2020 were analyzed. The scope and nature of providing assistance to victims with vascular trauma at the place of injury, in primary and secondary health care facilities have been clarified. It was revealed that the absolute majority of victims are not provided with the full volume of first aid at the place of injury, and therefore there is a need to teach a wide segment of the population the rules of first aid. It is also indicated that it is necessary to develop a clinical protocol for providing assistance to victims with vascular trauma at all stages of the medical service.