Cardiovascular mortality rate between 2018 and 2022 in Kyrgyz Republic

Abstract

Abstract Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the number one cause of death in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including Kyrgyz Republic. According to official statistics, CVD ranks first in the structure of overall mortality, accounting for more than half (52.1% according to 2022 data) of all deaths. Purpose to analyze the cardiovascular mortality rate in the Kyrgyz Republic, from 2018 to 2022. Methods Medical and statistical information on mortality from CVD in the population was obtained from the Centre for Electronic Health (CEH) of the Ministry of Health. To conduct a comparative analysis, relative indicators per 100 thousand population were calculated. A retrospective epidemiological study of mortality from CVD including different nosological forms over period for 2018–2022 was conducted, calculating the rate of increase (decrease). An analysis of the epidemiological situation of the disease in nine administrative-territorial units of the Kyrgyz Republic was also carried out with the calculation of the average 5-year mortality ratefor the period from 2018 to 2022. Results Despite the decrease in morbidity, a high proportion of mortality from CVD remains in all years, more than 50%. In terms of the percentage indicator for recent years, all this time it has maintained the highest position, in contrast to diseases of other organs and systems. In the last decade, from 2012 until 2020, there was a gradual decrease in the mortality rate. Since 2020, we have seen a sharp increase in the CVD mortality rate per 100 thousand population by 19.6% compared to 2018, by 19.4% since 2019, which is associated with the influence of Covid-19 pandemic, in 2021 this indicator amounted to 297.6 cases, in 2022 - 234.5. The main contribution to population death from CVD is made by coronary heart disease (65.90%), including acute myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular diseases (21.4%), arterial hypertension (5.9%). If we analyze the mortality rate from CVD by nine administrative-territorial units, the highest rates in 2022 are observed in the Chui and Talas regions, 291.9 and 266.3 per 100 thousand population respectively; the lowest in the Osh region (207.3), Osh city (196.1) and Bishkek (208.6), which is explained by the better organization of health services in these areas. Conclusion CVD remains the main cause of mortality in the population of the Kyrgyz Republic. Although over the past year there has been a good decline in this indicator, in almost all regions, particularly the greatest successes have been achieved in Naryn and Issyk-Kul regions. In connection with the above, there is requirement for a clear identification of priorities when determining the strategy of treatment and preventive interventions. It is necessary to create an effective National system of care for patients with CVD with a focus on emergency cardiac care and prevention issues.