City Of Londrina Research Articles

Por onde as mulheres escolhem caminhar? Segurança feminina em espaços públicos

Abstract Women tend to regulate their activities and limit the use of public spaces to certain times of the day due to the perception of unsafety that acts as an integral part of their daily life. The objective of the research was to investigate objective and subjective factors related to walking from the perspective of female safety, through a case study conducted in the city of Londrina, State of Paraná. The tactics addressed were questionnaires and walking interviews to understand the socio-spatial factors that influence the choice and those that inhibit walking. The results indicate that the construction of "fear" occurs through reports from third parties and the media, while the main factor for "feeling safe" is related to the movement of people because, when there is such movement, women are seen.

Interactions between Cenozoic tectonics and landscape dynamics in Londrina, Paraná, Brazil

The Londrina City, located in southern Brazil, is situated on the basalt of the Paraná Igneous Province (PIP), near tectonic structures such as the Guaxupé faults and the São Jerônimo-Curiúva and São Sebastião lineaments, with a history of reactivation in the Cenozoic. Between 2015 and 2018, low-magnitude earthquakes hit the municipality, suggesting a possible connection with these structures. This study investigates the relationship between Cenozoic tectonics and geomorphological dynamics, combining quantitative geomorphological analysis with field analysis of faults. The results reveal signs of tectonic control on the landscape, with two pulses of regional uplift/base level drop affecting the drainage network. Reactivated segments, especially at intersections of NE and NW structures, influence dynamics, with variations in uplift rates between basins and block rotation under a transtensive regime. Recent earthquakes are related to the reactivation of an N50-60E fault scarp, possibly the Guaxupé Fault, indicating recurrent tectonic movement. Paleostress analyses identify three deformation pulses, highlighting the complexity of landscape evolution in intraplate regions. These findings enhance understanding of regional tectonics, emphasizing the need to comprehend landscape evolution in interior plate areas, such as the South American Plate.

Dengue fever in the state of Paraná in the seasonal period from 2022 to 2023

Dengue is a viral infectious disease that has become a global public health concern. It is transmitted through the bite of the Aedes aegypti mosquito, which is the primary vector in Brazil and the Americas. This study aims to describe the epidemiological characteristics of dengue in the State of Paraná from July 2022 to July 2023, which is the seasonal period for the Epidemiological Report of the Health Department (SESA) of the State of Paraná. This is a bibliographic review that provides a detailed analysis and interpretation of dengue and the data collected by SESA, PR. The results show a high number of confirmed cases during the seasonal period, with the most critical period being in April 2022. A total of 108 deaths were recorded, with the cities of Londrina and Foz do Iguaçu having the highest number of cases. Control and management of urban arbovirus vectors and home care continues to be the main prevention methods for these diseases, including dengue.

Mastofauna assessment as a biodiversity preservation and conservation tool in the implementation of a sanitary landfill

Human presence and changes on environment resulted in habitats reduction through insularization process on which ecosystems areas are fragmented in the middle of human development. On this sense the mammals identification can be an important tool on the environmental impacts evaluation or forecast of more suitable sites for development of human activities. Considering study importance to reduce environmental impacts the aim of this article was to carry out an assessment of mammalian fauna for a landfill implementation in Londrina city (Paraná state) considering the environmental impacts. The evaluation included visualization methods, footprints, traces of different species identified in study. The analysis will identify mitigation measures or indicate the impracticability of landfill activities considering the impacts on local species. On this study were evaluated the surrounding areas of Londrina, identified by the numbers 19, 24 and 28 which could be location alternatives for waste disposal. Presence of species on study area were obtained from field observations and occurrence records in direct and indirect evidence. Through the conservation aspects and lower environmental impacts, Area 28 was presented as the most suitable for development of landfill activities, since the diversity of mammals was rather low compared to areas 19 and 24.

Risk factors associated with limited functional status among out-of-hospital patients 30 days and one year after a diagnosis of COVID-19: a cohort study

Some people experience indefinitely persistent and disabling symptoms after acute COVID-19, even those who have not been hospitalized. The purpose of this study was to analyze the long-term health consequences at 30 days and one year among people who were not hospitalized after a diagnosis of COVID-19 and to analyze which variables predict limitations in functional status. This is a prospective cohort study with non-hospitalized adults infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the city of Londrina. After 30 days and one year of the acute symptoms of COVID-19, participants received the questionnaire through a social media that consisted of sociodemographic data and data on functionality through the Post-COVID Functional State Scale (PCFS)—the primary outcome of the study "presence of functional status limitation" was grouped into without functional status limitation (value: zero) and with functional limitation (value 1 to 4), fatigue through of the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and dyspnea using the modified Borg scale. In the statistical analysis, multivariable analysis was performed. Statistical significance was set to 5%. Of 140 individuals analyzed, 103 (73.6%) were female with a median age of 35.5 (27–46) years. One year after the diagnosis of COVID-19, 44.3% had at least one self-reported symptom: memory loss (13.6%), gloominess (8.6%), anosmia (7.9%), body pain (7.1%), ageusia (7%), headache (6.4%), and cough (3.6%). According to the FSS and modified Borg scale 42.9% reported fatigue and 18.6% reported dyspnea, respectively. As for functionality, 40.7% reported some limitation, being 24.3% negligible functional limitation, 14.3% slight and 2.1% moderate according to the PCFS. There was a univariate association between the presence of limitation in the functional status with the female sex, diagnosis of anxiety and depression, presence of persistent symptoms after one year, fatigue and dyspnea. In the multivariable analysis, the predictor variables for functional status limitation were female sex, diagnosis of anxiety/depression, presence of at least one persistent symptom and fatigue one year after the diagnosis of COVID-19. One year after the disease, the patients presented functional limitation according to the PCFS, even without hospitalization. Risk factors associated with functional limitation include female sex, presence of fatigue, anxiety and depression, and at least one persistent symptom after one year of COVID-19 diagnosis.

Association of aerobic fitness and body composition in people with down syndrome

People with Down Syndrome (DS) present metabolic differences when compared to the general population, which ends up at a higher prevalence of overweight and lower rates of aerobic fitness. The aim of this study was analysing the association of aerobic fitness and body composition in individuals with DS. Thirty individuals with DS from the city of Londrina / Brazil with a mean age of 18.00±3.66 years were evaluated. The variables body mass index, body fat, and aerobic fitness (VO²peak) were investigated. Men were taller than women, presented a higher percentage of lean body mass and higher VO²peak, while women showed higher means for android, gynoid and total fat. Aerobic fitness was positively associated with bone mineral density and inversely associated with nutritional status, lean body mass and body fat.

The Rivers of Dharma in the Face of Religious Challenges: A Comparative Analysis of Three Japanese Buddhist Temples in Brazil

The article aims to develop a comparative reflection in view of three Japanese Buddhist temples: the Honpa Honganji (connected to the True Pure Land School); the Hompoji (Honmon Butsuryū Shū), and the Dokozan Busshinji (Sōtō Zen), located in the North of the State of Paraná, more specifically in the cities of Londrina and Rolândia (Brazil). As sources, materials derived from fieldwork are used, as well as interviews conducted with monks and practitioners. From the theoretical point of view, religion is understood as a symbolic system, as proposed by Clifford Geertz, open to the possibility of appropriations, according to Michel de Certeau. In addition, certain propositions of Michael Pye regarding religious transplantation are used. As a discussion, it is suggested that the circumscribed temples develop different responses to the problem of the death of first-generation immigrants and the discontinuity of the Japanese language in Brazil. The comparison is made through three parameters: the profile of the monks, the language used in materials and preaching, and the characteristics of the faithful.

“Music is…”?! Significations attributed by middle school students to the notion of music

This article presents the data of the significations attributed by students from the eighth year of Middle School to the notion of Music. Anchored in the Piagetian clinical–critical method and in the contribution of Genetic Epistemology, the research was carried out in a public school in the city of Londrina, Paraná, with the participation of 12 students. The results indicate that the notions of music are linked to the understanding of the social reality constructed by the participants. For this reason, by considering such constructive processes, through which social reality can be constantly signified by students, we aim to create opportunities for musical-pedagogical actions that favor the expansion of the idea of music and its domains.

Susceptibility to first choice antimicrobial treatment for urinary tract infections to Escherichia coli isolates from women urine samples in community South Brazil

E. coli is the main pathogen of UTI. It is important to be aware the local epidemiological data for an appropriate initial treatment. Resistance to antimicrobial agents has increased, especially to first-choice antibiotics in the treatment of cystitis. There are few studies on the sensivity profile of community uropathogen in our region. ObjectiveTo characterize antimicrobials the sensitivity profile to E. coli isolated from urocultures of women treated at Basic Health Units and Emergency Care Units of Londrina- Paraná- Brazil during a period of 12 months (June 1, 2016 to June 1, 2017). MethodologyA cross-sectional study was carried out from June 2016 to June 2017. All urine samples collected in the Basic Health Units and Emergency Departments in the city of Londrina (Paraná State, Brazil) were sent to a Central Laboratory where the identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed. Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoints were used for the interpretation of susceptibility testing results. Results56,555 urine cultures were performed in the period, of which 8,832 were positive, of which 5,377 were women. Of these samples, 4.7% were enterobacteria producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and 15.5% resistant to quinolones. TMP- SMX was resistant in more than 30% of the samples in all age groups. Among quinolone-resistant isolates, resistance to cephalothin, ampicillin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim was greater than 60%. Nitrofurantoin was the only antimicrobial that showed 90% of sensitivity. ConclusionThe antimicrobials sensitivity profile was similar to that reported in the literature, with TMP- SMX resistance greater than 30% in the studied samples. Nitrofurantoin maintains high sensitivity rates greater than 90%. Resistance to quinolones increases proportionally with age, as well ESBL.

Urban Planning and Residential Segregation in Brazil—The Failure of the “Special Zone of Social Interest” Instrument in Londrina City (PR)

The objective of this analysis is linked to the discussion of urban residential segregation marked by the Brazilian urban land structure and perpetuated by urban planning instruments at the municipal level. The spatial focus of the study is the municipality of Londrina (state of Paraná/Brazil). We aimed to analyze the relationship between urban zoning and the dynamics of residential segregation, unfolding two foci: verify to what extent the objectives presented in the municipal instrument translate the objectives of the instrument at the federal level (the City Statute–CE) and the national program “My Home, My Life” aimed to provide housing to socially vulnerable populations; the second focus, aims to assess how the planning instrument—the Special Zone of Social Interest (ZEIS), contemplated in the Land Use and Occupation Law and in the Municipal Master Plan of Londrina (PDPML, 2008)—materializes in practice the objectives of promoting equity in access to housing. The results show that although the objectives defined at the federal level are transposed to the municipal level, demonstrating a theoretical coherence between the instruments, there are flaws in their implementation. The case study results show that the urban zoning of Londrina has as a guideline a segregationist territorial ordering, leading to a residential segregation of the population with low purchasing power. On the other hand, the planning instrument that could change this reality is the ZEIS that, on the contrary, reinforced social housing in the periphery, conditioning the right to the city and perpetuating the social vulnerability of disadvantaged groups, in a process common to other Brazilian cities. Such constraints make relevant the establishment of land reserves for social housing based on clear roles of a social and functional mix, reinforced by the combat of vacant spaces and the definition of minimal housing and infrastructure densities to allow urban occupation.

Temporal analysis of land use and cover in an urban watershed in the city of Londrina / PR

This study analyzed the changes in land use and cover of Ribeirão Cambé watershed (Londrina /PR), between 1975 and 2015, and evaluated how these changes impact on the runoff volume. For the classification of soil use and cover were used satellite images from the Landsat series (1-MMS, 5-TM and 8-OLI), which were acquired for free from the INPE/DGI website. The classification was made by the SPRING program, it was used to establish four themes of soil use and cover: urban, dense vegetation, underbrush and exposed soil. The CN value was obtained from the CN tables of SCS for urban and suburban basins. Morphological characterization of Ribeirão Cambé basin indicates low probability of flooding. Using satellite images, it was possible to affirm that significant changes happened in the soil use and cover of this basin, having grown 150% in 40 years, with the highest growth rates occurring in the first analyzed decades, 42%, 33%, 18% and 11%, respectively. Thus, the conclusion is that changes in soil use and cover in river basins reflect on the runoff, evidentiating the need of discussion about urban planning and flood control.

Wheat yield and seed physiological quality affected by initial seed vigor, sowing density, and environmental conditions

Optimization of seed density range, combined with the use of quality seeds may help generate more profit from wheat production, as these factors affect grain yield and the quality of seeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of initial vigor level and sowing densities on the productive performance of the plants and the physiological performance of the seeds of two wheat cultivars in two cultivation environments. The experiment was carried out in the cities of Londrina and Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil, in a randomized block design with four replications, following a 2 × 2 × 4 factorial scheme with two levels of seed vigor (high and low), two cultivars (BRS Gralha-Azul and BRS Sabiá), and four sowing densities (150, 250, 350, and 450 seeds m-2). The following characteristics were evaluated: emerged seedlings, shoot dry matter, spike density, vegetation index, and grain yield. Additionally, the physiological potential of the seeds produced in Londrina was evaluated by first germination count, germination, accelerated aging, seedling emergence, and emergence speed index tests. The increase in density up to 450 seeds m-2 favored the productive performance of the crop in both cultivation environments; however, it reduced the physiological performance of the seeds produced in Londrina. The cultivars BRS Gralha-Azul and BRS Sabiá had better performance and grain yield in Londrina and Ponta Grossa, respectively. High-vigor seeds favored the establishment of the stand, especially under unfavorable environmental conditions.

Uso de ocitocina e fatores associados em maternidades públicas

Objetivos: medir a prevalência da utilização de ocitocina no trabalho de parto e parto em maternidades públicas e identificar os fatores associados. Método: estudo transversal, realizado em duas maternidades públicas no município de Londrina, entre janeiro e junho de 2017, com 344 puérperas. Os dados foram coletados por meio da análise dos prontuários. Para análise dos fatores associados, utilizada uma regressão multivariada de Poisson, considerada p <5%. Os dados foram analisados no Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 22.0. Resultados: a prevalência de uso de ocitocina foi de 50,0%. Uma variável aborto anterior (RP = 0,64; p = 0,001)apresenta como fator de risco para uso ocitocina, enquanto presença de dilatação maior ou igual a 5 cm de internação (RP = 1,36, p = 0,004) e rotura espontânea de membranas (RP = 2,33, p = 0,003) proteção para uso da ocitocina. Conclusões: os resultados demonstraram uma prevalência elevada de uso de ocitocina e a diferença estatisticamente significativa na presença de aborto anterior. Por outro lado, a presença de amniotomia espontânea e a internação de mulheres na fase ativa do trabalho de parto são fatores de proteção para uso ocitocina, evidência de comprometimento do processo fisiológico da participação.

A STATISTICAL STUDY OF TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS IN THE CITY OF LONDRINA-PR IN 2019

This article addressed traffic accidents in the urban perimeter of the city of Londrina- Paraná, Brazil, carried out in 2019. The information used was from the Integrated Emergency Trauma Care System and collected through the General Occurrence Registry (RGO) of the Fire Department of Londrina. For this study, accidents were selected in the collision category between vehicle drivers and motorized drivers. The study variables were the most frequent months and the accident codes defined by Integrated Trauma Emergency Service (SIATE). The article aimed to analyze the occurrences (collision) of vehicle drivers in 2019, seeking to make the population aware of accident prevention. The methodology adopted was descriptive, quantitative, obtained intentionally. The results show that these categories of drivers are responsible for more than 50% of the total accidents and more than 60% of the fatal victims. According to the results obtained, it is expected that the authorities may be sensitized, adopting measures that lead those responsible to more rigorous sanctions, thus making drivers aware of having greater responsibility when driving a vehicle, emphasizing that they need to redouble their attention and have responsibility in traffic, avoiding negligence and damage to the lives of others.

The socio-technical network of a high-school chemistry laboratory under the Latourian perspective

This work aims to describe the socio-technical network of a Chemistry laboratory in the school “Professora Maria do Rosario Castaldi”, a State Center for Professional Education in the city of Londrina, Brazil, taking the translation theories proposed by Bruno Latour as motivation. The observation data were either recorded in audio or written in a diary, following the laboratory studies perspectives, particularly those of the Actor-Network Theory. According to these perspectives, the laboratory can be understood as an imbricate network composed of several elements, instances, interests, partnerships, procedures and knowledge, all of which produced by human and non-human entities that constitute the objects and meanings known to us as sciences or scientific practices. In addition, the concept of translation—a key concept of this theoretical body—helped to understand the heterogeneous set of elements mobilized by its actors with the aim of making the laboratory a recognized and consolidated organization. The observation and description of the material indicate how the network makes the analyzed laboratory something that is both completely dependent on and producer of the network in which it operates. Namely, the manner such process of materialization of the laboratory is dependent on a number of associations, negotiations, strategies, and alignments performed by human and non-human actors, linking the largest number of elements in order to make the construction of this space possible. The discussion allowed one to conclude that its permanence and success are not guaranteed, given that the whole process of collective action is always about to break or fall apart at any point.

Evolution of COVID-19 in Londrina (State of Paraná – Brazil) between March and August of 2020

The pandemic situation of COVID-19 has provided strong impacts that can be observed everywhere, especially in underdeveloped countries. The purpose of this paper is to describe the evolution of COVID-19 pandemic in the city of Londrina (second biggest city of State of Paraná – Brazil) between March 9 and August 10 of 2020. For that, spatio-temporal descriptive and statistical analysis were performed to identify its evolution in the city. The first cases of COVID-19 in Londrina were registered in March (considering the symptoms onset day) and were located in central and southern regions of the city, both with high vertical residential density and higher average incomes. Soon, COVID-19 exponentially increased in a short period of time with a reproduction number, R0 =1.45. However, some measures adopted by the city Hall and Paraná State Government slowed down the evolution of cases in Londrina, like the suspension of non-essential activities and classes in the very beginning of the pandemic, and also the expansion of intensive therapy units (ITU) in existing hospitals, which avoided a collapse in the healthy system of the city. Such findings can be helpful to avoid a second wave of COVID-19 cases, and ways to deal with future pandemics.

Occurrence of Escherichia coli in salmon sashimis commercialized in restaurants from Londrina - PR

The population interest for fish consumption has increased, mainly due to several beneficial nutritional properties presented by this food. In this context, oriental culinary also brings different eating habits as consume raw food, such as sashimi. A relevant food contaminant of fecal origin is Escherichia coli, able to become potentially harmful, when it acquires virulence factors, as Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). This study aimed to evaluate 30 samples of salmon sashimi regarding the presence of E. coli, as well as perform the genotypic characterization of virulence factors associated with STEC. Three samples were collected from 10 different restaurants, specialized in Japanese culinary in the city of Londrina - PR. The E. coli identification was performed using the Colilert® chromogenic substrate technique and biochemical tests, and for the investigation of virulence genes, stx1 and stx2, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used. Among the 30 samples analyzed, 15 (50%) presented contamination by E. coli. However, in no sample were detected virulence factors associated with STEC. Although human diseases associated with STEC are poorly described in Brazil, it is possible to verify that fish, mainly those consumed raw, are potential transmitters of E. coli to humans. This can compromise the food safety of these products and, thus, characterize them as unsuitable for consumption. Therefore, it is necessary the adoption of preventive measures of contamination by E. coli in products intended to human consumption, beyond more research that can verify the potential of STEC as a fish contaminant.

Vitamin D: association with eosinophil counts and IgE levels in children with asthma.

ABSTRACTIn this cross-sectional study, we investigated the relationship that levels of vitamin D had with eosinophil counts and IgE levels in 26 children with asthma (6-12 years of age) in the city of Londrina, Brazil. Vitamin D levels were found to correlate significantly, albeit moderately, with age (r = −0.51) and eosinophilia (r = −0.49), although not with IgE levels (r = −0.12). When we stratified the sample into two groups by the median vitamin D level (< or ≥ 24 ng/mL), we found that those in the < 24 ng/mL group were older, had higher eosinophil counts, and had higher IgE levels. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show an association between low levels of vitamin D and more pronounced eosinophilia in children with asthma in Brazil.

SEROPREVALENCE OF FELINE LEISHMANIASIS IN PARANÁ USING ANTIGENS FROM DIFFERENT SPECIES OF LEISHMANIA SPP / SOROPREVALÊNCIA DA LEISHMANIOSE FELINA NO PARANÁ UTILIZANDO-SE ANTÍGENOS DE DIFERENTES ESPÉCIES DE LEISHMANIA SPP

In domestic cats, the number of infections caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania is becoming increasingly significant, although the role of felines in this cycle is not yet clear. The aim of this study was to observe the prevalence of anti- Leishmania spp. using different antigens: Leishmania Viannia brasiliensis , Leishmania Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania Leishmania infantum , in serological samples from domestic cats, from castration efforts carried out in the city of Londrina / PR, from 2015 to 2016. The test was used in indirect ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) serological diagnosis, with the aforementioned antigens for plaque sensitization. Of the total of 199 samples analyzed, 69 (34.67%) were considered reagents for Leishmania spp., 37 samples (18.59%) were considered reagents for L. (L.) amazonensis ; 40 samples (20.10%) for L. (V.) brasiliensis and 24 (12.06%) for L. (L.) infantum . In 42 samples (21.10%) reactivity to ELISA was observed in more than one of the antigens used. A higher prevalence of antibodies was observed when using the L. (V.) brasiliensis antigen, confirming that this is the most reported species in the state of Parana. We can conclude that antibodies against Leishmania spp. are circulating in the studied feline population; in addition, the use of the Leishmania antigen species most prevalent in the study region is indicated for obtaining more reliable results.

O uso de infográficos de genética como recurso didático no ensino médio

Infográficos são gêneros de textos multimodais, comumente apresentados no jornalismo em notícias, reportagens ou até em divulgação tecnológica-científica. Por se valer de uma combinação entre linguagens verbal e não verbal, o infográfico é um recurso didático interessante para ser utilizado também no ensino-aprendizagem de jovens do ensino médio. Quando analisamos os conteúdos de genética, observamos nos alunos uma certa dificuldade na compreensão dos conceitos devido a sua complexidade, sendo por esse motivo, o ramo da biologia escolhido como tema para a confecção dos infográficos. Este trabalho visa, portanto, criar e disponibilizar ao menos dez infográficos que contemplem diferentes áreas da genética para educadores e educandos do ensino médio e/ou pré-vestibulandos da comunidade escolar da cidade de Londrina e região. Aproveitando das facilidades decorrentes da evolução digital, serão criados canais de divulgação por meio de redes sociais e outras plataformas que permitirão a divulgação dos infográficos a outras comunidades mais distantes geograficamente, maximizando o compartilhamento de toda informação gerada. Por integrar de forma proporcional as modalidades de informação e imagem, esperamos com esse trabalho contribuir de maneira efetiva tanto com os professores, na transmissão de conceitos genéticos e de suas peculiaridades de forma mais ilustrativa, quanto com os educandos, na assimilação de conteúdos mais densos, de uma forma mais interessante. Acreditamos também que este artigo é capaz de contribuir com futuras pesquisas na área da infografia e com seus benefícios no processo de ensino-aprendizagem.