Kyiv City Research Articles

The image of Kyiv in a landscape painting by a Ukrainian artist Serhiy Shyshka of the second half of the 20th century

The purpose of the article is to study the representation of the image of the city of Kyiv in the landscape painting of the outstanding Ukrainian artist S. Shyshko, through the prism of the author's artistic vision and stylistic development. Research methodology. Methods such as analytical and comparative art studies were used in the work, which made it possible to holistically consider the given problem and obtain scientifically based research results. Scientific novelty. The article first analyzes the artist's stylistic features, in particular the combination of realistic traditions with elements of impressionism, which are clearly visible in his works. The main topics, motives and techniques that characterize his creative path and the importance of the artist in the context of the development of Ukrainian art are considered. Conclusions. The article examines the work of the outstanding Ukrainian artist S. Shyshko, one of the leading masters of Ukrainian landscape painting of the 20th century, whose work left a significant mark on the artistic life of Ukraine of that period. The main attention is paid to his contribution to the development of landscape painting, in particular to the depiction of landscapes with views of the city of Kyiv. The importance of S. Shyshko as an artist who made a significant contribution to the development of Ukrainian art, in particular realistic landscape painting, and his influence on subsequent generations of Ukrainian artists is emphasized. The work of S. Shyshko is an important component of Ukrainian art of the 20th century, which clearly reflects the cultural and historical significance of Kyiv. His works, focused on the urban landscape, enrich our perception of Kyiv as a symbol of national identity, as a space that combines history, culture and natural beauty. Through masterful command of light, color and composition, Serhii Shishko was able to convey the multifaceted nature of Kyiv, showing it not only as an architectural or natural object, but as a place where the spiritual and the material are closely intertwined. The artistic image of Kyiv on the canvases of S. Shyshka serves as a kind of bridge between the past and the present, because the artist not only captured the appearance of the city at specific moments, but also conveyed its spirit, its eternal essence, which remains relevant decades later.

Modern problems of Ukraine's ecology: agricultural pollutants and the quality of drinking water in the city of Kyiv

Considered modern problems of Ukraine's ecology. The problem “influence of agriculture on the quality of underground water” is considered in detaile. In 1998-2002, 163 analyzes of underground waters of the aquifer of Cenomanian sediments and the aquifer of Jurassic sediments in the city of Kyiv for the content of persistent chlorine-organic pesticides: DDT and its metabolites, hexachlorocyclohexane (HCCH) and its isomers, aldrin, heptachlor and the fluor-containing pesticide treflane were carried out by the gas-chromatographic method. In the water of the aquifer of Cenomanian sediments and the aquifer of Jurassic sediments of the city of Kyiv, the average concentration of DDT was at the level of 10-5 mg/dm3. According to our calculations for the year 2024, the concentration of the amount of DDT in the drinking groundwater of the city of Kyiv has decreased by 2-3 orders of magnitude, depending on natural conditions. This indicates that there no new inputs of DDT to natural ecosystems, and retrospective contamination is gradually decreasing. The need to conduct fundamental research of establishing concentrations of new pesticides in groundwater, developing criteria for assessing the danger of co-presence of pesticides of various classes of chemical compounds in groundwater and other natural objects remains relevant. In 2023-2024, 58 wells were examined for the quality of drinking water in Kyiv.

Impact of hydrogeology factors on geotechnical conditions of the heritage Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra Monastery complex: Lessons from three decades of monitoring

Abstract The architectural ensemble of the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra monastery located in the city of Kyiv on the Right Bank of the Dnipro River, which represents historical and cultural heritage of world significance, suffers from a wide range of hazardous geological processes. The review and analysis of data of the long-term (since the 1990s) groundwater monitoring studies of the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra shows that hydrogeological hazards caused by a complex combination of natural and anthropogenic factors (as well as sometimes by engineering miscalculations) have led to a significant number of emergency situations that threaten the heritage architectural monuments. Monitoring data illustrate a wide range of hydrogeological hazards (flooding, subsidence, landslides, suffusion), and emphasize the importance of consideration of hydrogeological aspects for safeguarding architectural monuments in the urbanized context. The paper also summarizes experience in engineering measures aimed at mitigating of hydrogeological hazards and discusses the pending research tasks

CORRUPTION RISKS IN THE CONTEXT OF REGIONAL FINANCIAL SECURITY: ANALYSIS BASED ON KOHONEN NEURAL NETWORKS

During the war, threats to national security related to illegal financial transactions with the aggressor country, circumvention of sanctions, fraud in the distribution of investment and humanitarian aid, earmarked funds for the reconstruction of destroyed infrastructure, and new schemes for legalizing dirty money are becoming more acute. Therefore, the study of the risks of illegal financial transactions at the regional level in Ukraine is a primary step towards understanding the specifics of corruption, identifying the main factors that shape them, and developing targeted measures to overcome them. To analyze corruption risks in the regions of Ukraine and the city of Kyiv, this article uses a base of 10 indicators covering key aspects of financial support, economic activity, public opinion, trust in government, and digital transformation to provide a holistic picture of regional security and development. Clustering by the level of corruption risk, which was implemented using Kohonen's self-organizing maps, allowed to identify 4 groups of Ukrainian regions with similar characteristics: Cluster 1 (Vinnytsia, Lviv and Ternopil regions) – regions with a high level of development and medium corruption risks; Cluster 2 (Volyn, Dnipropetrovs'k, Donetsk, Zhytomyr, Ivano-Frankivsk, Kharkiv, Khmelnytskyi and Chernihiv regions) – regions with an average level of development and moderate corruption risks; Cluster 3 (Zakarpattia, Kirovohrad, and Rivne regions) - regions with an average level of development and problems in governance; Cluster 4 (Zaporizhzhia, Kyiv, Luhansk, Mykolaiv, Odesa, Poltava, Sumy, Kherson, Cherkasy, Chernivtsi regions and the city of Kyiv) – regions with high corruption risks. The implemented clustering facilitates the development of individualized and targeted anti-corruption strategies for each group of regions. The results of the study allow us to focus anti-corruption efforts on the most problematic areas and develop targeted programs to effectively reduce corruption risks.

Risk factors associated with the incidence of asthma among adolescents in Ukraine

Background. Asthma is a common disease among children and adolescents. The purpose of this study was to describe the detailed characteristics of adolescents with asthma, identify risk factors associated with the development of asthma and to evaluate medical care for patients with asthma. Materials and methods. Asthma patients (n = 80) aged 12 to 18 years from the Allergology Department of the Kyiv City Children’s Clinical Hospital 2, the clinical base of the Department of Pediatrics 2 of the Bogomolets National Medical University, were included in the study. The control group consisted of 120 children without asthma. In the group of interviewed children, asthma was diagnosed based on clinical data and objective measurement of lung function. All children underwent spirometry and skin prick test with aeroallergens. During the clinical examination, weight and height were measured, and body mass index was calculated. The survey was conducted by a research doctor using a Google form. Results. Parents of 80 children with asthma were involved in our survey between September 2023 and May 2024. Asthma occurred more often in boys than in girls: odds ratio (OR) = 7.3 (95% confidence interval (CI) 3.84–14.16, P < 0.0001). 31.25 % respondents reported a history of atopic dermatitis, 26.25 % had atopic dermatitis at the time of the study. Food allergy was detected in 25 % children. 48.75 % children had concomitant allergic rhinitis, of which 33.75 % had seasonal, 15 % had perennial. We found that children living in the city had asthma more often: OR = 7.3 (95% CI 3.26–16.62, P < 0.0001). Having an older sibling was associated with a lower risk of asthma: OR = 3.6 (95% CI 1.86–6.92, P < 0.0001). Also, we found that cat owners were significantly more likely not to have asthma: OR = 7.7 (95% CI 3.96–14.99, P < 0.0001). Such data are most likely related to the refusal to own a cat due to the prevalence of cat allergy among children with asthma or at risk of cat allergy. We have not found a statistically significant difference in the group of children with asthma and in the control group in relation to the exposure to tobacco smoke in the atmosphere (passive smoking): OR = 1.4 (95% CI 0.79–2.59, P > 0.05). Conclusions. Treatment of allergies and atopic conditions should be considered an important component of asthma treatment, which may affect the frequency and severity of the disease. In adolescents and adults, smoking cessation, in particular, as a factor in the impact of passive smoking on a sick child can also significantly reduce the number of hospitalizations. Confirming the diagnosis of asthma, demonstrating good inhaler technique, and emphasizing adherence to preventive therapies such as inhaled glucocorticosteroids can improve asthma control and reduce overreliance on short-acting bronchodilators.

Украинские источники по истории сношения запорожского казачества с Крымским ханством времен Новой Сечи (1734–1775 гг.) в фондах Центрального государственного архива Украины г. Киева

The publication includes a review of funds and a classification of sources from the history of relations between the Zaporozhian Cossacks of the New Sich era (1734–1775) and the Crimean Khanate, which are stored in the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in the city of Kyiv. For each type of document, a description is given, which includes production features and the informative potential of the source. The sources of diplomatic, political, socio-economic communications of the Zaporizhzhya Cossacks with the Crimean Tatars in the specified period have been studied.

High level of RNA HAS2-AS1 in the buffy coat of a patient blood sample is a more informative prognostic marker of COVID-19 clinical course compared to the level of hyaluronic acid in plasma

Numerous studies have confirmed the association of COVID-19 clinical course with the blood levels of hyaluronic acid and long non-coding RNA HAS2-AS1 as a positive regulator of hyaluronan synthase. We aimed to estimate both the level of hyaluronic acid in plasma and the level of RNA HAS2-AS1 in leukocytes (buffy coat) from the same blood sample at the time of patient admission to the hospital and to analyze the specificity of these indicators as biomarkers of COVID-19 severity. The study involved 78 patients with confirmed COVID-19 who underwent treatment between 2020 and 2021 at the Kyiv City Clinical Hospital N 4. The patients were divided into three groups based on the severity of the disease and classified as mild (n = 12), moderate (n = 36), and severe (n = 30). The level of hyaluronic acid in plasma was determined using the Hyaluronic Acid ELISA kit “Abcam” (USA). The buffy coat was isolated by centrifugation of the blood stabilized with EDTA-K and further aspiration of the leukocyte “cloud”. The expression level of HAS2-AS1 in buffy coat leukocytes was estimated using reverse transcription and real-time PCR. According to the obtained data, the level of hyaluronic acid in the plasma of patients with moderate and severe illness was 1.5 and 2.2 times higher compared to the mild illness group, respectively. Meanwhile, the level of RNA HAS2-AS1 in blood lymphocytes (buffy coat) of patient with moderate and severe illness was increased by 7.7 and 22.6 times compared to patients with mild illness. The results of our study demonstrate that, unlike the level of hyaluronic acid in plasma, the level of HAS2-AS1 in a buffy coat is a more reliable prognostic criterion for severe COVID-19 and allows distinguishing patients with varying clinical severity during hospitalization. Keywords: buffy coat, COVID-19, hyaluronic acid, leukocytes, plasma, RNA HAS2-AS1

Injuries of the oral mucosa. Clinical cases

Background. Often with some infectious diseases, in addition to the typical manifestations, characteristic inflammatory changes are observed on the mucous membranes, which can imitate the course of other diseases. The purpose was to remind dentists and general practitioners about the importance of differential diagnosis of lesions of the oral mucosa in infectious and non-infectious pathologies on the example of clinical cases. Materials and methods. We conducted an empirical, descriptive study of 3 clinical cases of lesions of the oral mucosa in children who underwent inpatient treatment at the Kyiv City Children’s Clinical Infectious Hospital in 2023–2024. Results. In the first clinical case, the manifestation of type 1 diabetes was described, which was accompanied by oral candidiasis that was previously regarded as a suspicion of measles. The second clinical case demonstrates aphthous ulcers in HIV infection, which was previously mistaken for acute tonsillitis in a child. The third case described enteroviral vesicular stomatitis, which by the nature of the elements resembled chicken pox. Conclusions. Lesions of the oral mucosa can mimic the manifestations of common infectious and non-infectious diseases. Therefore, differential diagnosis of lesions of the oral mucosa is extremely important in various fields of medicine and dentistry.

ANALYSIS OF PAIN TREATMENT IN SOME MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS IN KYIV THAT TREAT WOUNDED COMBATANTS

Summary. On the way to reducing the incidence of pain chronicity, it is first of all necessary to analyze the existing problem, prioritize and differentiate factors that can potentially improve the situation. By analyzing the pain management system of a medical institution, it is easy to track its effectiveness, especially when it comes to the wounded, because a certain percentage of such patients nevertheless continue treatment at the next stage through strategic medical evacuation. Studying the intensity of pain during strategic medical evacuation allows, to some extent, to assess the effectiveness of pain treatment. Objective. To study the intensity of pain in combatants after wounds in medical institutions of Kyiv. Methods. The results of pain treatment in 368 combatants after wounds in some Kyiv hospitals are presented. Pain intensity was assessed using the numerical pain scale (NPS). Results. The analysis data show that the highest pain intensity score on the WSS was in the Municipal Nonprofit Enterprise "Kyiv City Clinical Hospital No. 6" and averaged 5.7 points, which meets the criteria for moderate pain. In the Municipal Nonprofit Enterprise Kyiv City Clinical Hospital No. 1 of the Executive Body of the Kyiv City Council (Kyiv City State Administration), this indicator was 4.0 points, in the Municipal Nonprofit Enterprise Kyiv City Clinical Hospital No. 4 – 3, 3 points, at the Municipal Nonprofit Enterprise "Kyiv City Clinical Hospital of Emergency Care" – 3.0 points, at the Municipal Nonprofit Enterprise "Kyiv City Clinical Hospital No. 8" and the Municipal Nonprofit Enterprise "Oleksandrivska Clinical Hospital of Kyiv" – 2.5 points, at Feofaniya Clinical Hospital of the State Administration of Affairs – 2.3 points, and at the National Military Medical Clinical Center "Main Military Clinical Hospital" – 2.2 points. High-intensity pain was experienced in 5% of cases, moderate pain in 19%, mild pain in 74%, and no pain in 2% of cases. Conclusion. Pain management in some Kyiv hospitals treating wounded requires the introduction of new approaches, as better pain control during treatment and evacuation can potentially improve long-term treatment outcomes. Supplementing the healthcare system with a pain management system may be important given the war and the number of wounded.

FORENSIC EVALUATION OF SELF-INFLICTED SUICIDES WITH MULTIPLE GUNSHOT WOUNDS

Suicide is a common cause of premature death and a serious social problem. The use of firearms for suicide is quite common. The infliction of multiple self-inflicted wounds, including a fatal one, is rare among suicides, but it is possible and requires careful investigation. Aim To provide a forensic assessment of the possibility of suicide by multiple gunshot wounds. Methods. Archival material from the Kyiv City Clinical Bureau of Forensic Medicine and the Zhytomyr Regional Bureau of Forensic Medicine (2 "medical examination reports") was used. The objects of the study were: gunshot wounds on the head (wounds, wound channels), elastic bullets up to 9 mm cartridges and 9 mm bullets for pistol "Makarov", shot products, pistol "Makarov-MP 79" converted to shoot elastic bullets. Their characteristics were examined visually and under the stereo microscope. The detection of shot soot layers on skin flaps and gunsmith's grease was carried out in infrared and ultraviolet rays. The study of the elemental composition of shot products in objects of biological and non-biological origin was carried out using the X-ray fluorescence spectrometer "M4 TORNADO". Standard methods of variational statistics were used in the study. Results. The forensic examination of the entry and exit wounds and wounds on the head of the corpses of persons who died as a result of self-inflicted gunshot wounds, as well as of the bullets and weapons that caused bodily injuries, confirmed the possibility of committing suicide by firing double shots from pistols to shoot bullets of the so-called "non-lethal type": elastic bullets up to 9 mm cartridges and 9 mm bullets for pistol "Makarov". It was established that in case No 1 the first injury was non-fatal and the second was fatal, accompanied by damage to the skull and brain. In case No. 2, the first wound was fatal and the second was non-fatal, as it damaged only the soft tissues of the head without damaging the bones of the skull and brain. The wounds were caused by automatic shots due to the poor technical condition of the weapon, i.e. partial damage and wear of the trigger mechanism and the pistol sear. This was facilitated by a one-time partial self-destruction of the weapon, followed by the wedging of the next cartridge with an elastic bullet in the lower part of the barrel. Conclusion. Thus, the cases of double head injuries caused by shots from firearms (pistols) for shooting bullets of the so-called "non-lethal type" (elastic bullets up to 9 mm cartridges and 9 mm bullets for pistol "Makarov") serve as evidence of suicide. In case No. 1, one of the wounds was not fatal, as the wound channel began with an entrance hole in the lower half of the right temporal region, continued on the right through the right mastoid process and the soft tissues of the neck, and ended in the middle with an exit wound in the back of the neck. This wound was the first inflicted. The second wound was final and fatal, as there was damage to the skull and brain, as evidenced by the wound channel which passed through the right temporal cyst, the brain and its membranes, the left occipital bone, and ended with the exit wound in the left occipital region. It was the second in order of entry. In case 2, the first wound was fatal, resulting in damage to the bones of the skull and brain and the presence of an elastic ball in the substance of the brain. The second wound was non-fatal and tangential, injuring only the soft tissues of the head without damaging the bones of the skull and brain. It occurred as a result of automatic (independent) shots due to the poor technical condition of the weapon, namely partial damage and wear of the trigger mechanism and the pistol sear. This was facilitated by a one-time partial self-destruction of the weapon, followed by the wedging of the next cartridge with an elastic bullet in the lower part of the barrel.

Accounting for climate changes when constructing the Rossander graph

The temperature of the atmospheric air affects the design and indicators of energy efficiency of all elements of heat supply systems. An extremely important tool to develop heat sources that allows us to assess changes in consumer heat loads and model algorithms for heat source operation, taking into account the variability of outdoor air temperature in the geographical conditions of the design objects, is a graph of the duration of heat loads during the heating period (Rossander’s graph). It is impossible to construct the Rossander’s graph without data on the duration of the outdoor temperature standing during the heating period. In this paper, the problem of the lack of temperature data necessary for the construction of the Rossander’s graph in the current regulatory documents is revealed. The analysis of previous studies that produced temperature data with the duration of temperature standing is carried out, and the need for their refinement is substantiated. The arrays of hourly outdoor air temperatures were processed according to two weather models, as well as the array of average daily temperatures obtained as a result of measurements from the weather station for the geographical location of the main building of KNUCA. As a result of the comparative analysis, a model closer to reality was identified and, on its basis, actual data on the duration of outdoor temperatures standing for the city of Kyiv with a temperature step of 1℃ were developed. The obtained temperature data were compared with those that were developed in previous studies, as well as with the temperature data that are contained in the cancelled standard. The curve of the long-term run of the moving average outdoor air temperatures for the winter periods of 1973-2023 and its polynomial trend are constructed and compared with the curve that characterizes the run of the moving average five-year temperatures for the winter periods of 1861-1970 and its polynomial trend.

MORTALITY ANALYSIS IN BLUNT COMBINED TRAUMA AND POLYTRAUMA

Introduction. Modern traumatism from the standpoint of clinical epidemiology meets the classification criteria of a global pandemic. Important factors triggering the global clinical and epidemiological picture are the unsatisfactory state of prevention of all types of injuries in developing countries, traffic injuries in industrialized countries and the progressively increasing number of armed conflicts. The aim of the study. To conduct a comparative clinical and epidemiological analysis of mortality in blunt combined trauma and polytrauma. Materials and methods. A retrospective single-center cohort 10-year clinical and epidemiological study of 933 fatal clinical cases of blunt combined trauma on the basis of polytrauma department of the Kyiv City Clinical Emergency Hospital has been conducted. Clinical diagnoses and forensic medical conclusions were transformed into Hannover Polytrauma Score scale codes. The clinical and epidemiological experiment was based on the clustering of the research array according to the severity of the injury. Results. As a result of the clinical and epidemiological experiment, 5 stable clusters which can be characterized as separate randomized clinical-epidemiological groups were obtained. Clinical profile was determined by the dominant injury: cluster-1 (patients with an extremely severe thoracic profile), cluster-2 (patients with a severe thoracic profile), cluster-3 (patients with an extremely severe abdominal profile), cluster-4 (patients with a severe neurosurgical profile), cluster-5 (patients with an extremely severe neurosurgical profile). Conclusions. Lethal blunt combined injury has a clear hierarchical structure based on the severity of the injury and the presence of dominant damage to the corresponding anatomical and functional area. The results obtained during the current study indicate the need to find new technological approaches to the treatment of extremely severe injuries, as well as treatment and prevention of the development of complications of severe injuries in order to reduce mortality in polytrauma.

IMPROVING THE ASSESSMENT OF THE ECOLOGICAL STATE OF SURFACE WATERS BY SATELLITE DATA

The article presents the results of research into the ecological state of surface waters using newly developed scientific approaches based on the use of high spatial resolution satellite data. The systematization of all available indicators and the development of new methodological approaches significantly improves the existing methodology for determining the ecological state of water bodies, which is the goal of research. In the studies of water bodies within the city of Kyiv, Obolon Bay and Lake Verbne, the optimal set of such indicators as spectral indices was determined, which made it possible to comprehensively assess the state of water bodies: NDWI - for distinguishing vegetation and water bodies, GCI - to assess the extent of blue-green algae, NDTI - to determine turbidity, IO - to determine the presence of soluble iron in water, NDSI - to assess the extent of flooding. According to the NDSI, NDWI indices and a combination of the red and infrared channels of the Sentinel-2 L2A satellite, the flooding of the floodplain of the Irpin River was traced, caused by the destruction of a hydraulic structure near the village of Kozarovichi. Wave abrasion of the shores was studied on the example of the Kremenchuk Reservoir near the villages of Pronozivka and Mozoliivka using Landsat4 (1984) and Landsat8 (2016) satellite images. The study of the reshaping of the coastline near the village of Tsybli in the Kyiv region used the method of determining spatio-temporal changes of the coastline as a result of its erosion. The assessment of spatio-temporal changes of the coastline should be carried out taking into account the water levels on the dates of the measurements. The conducted studies established that all the identified evaluation indicators can be grouped as biological, hydro morphological, and physicochemical, and it can be concluded that methodical approaches to assessing the ecological state of surface waters using satellite data are based on established cause-and-effect relationships of processes affecting water objects.

Заходи з енергозбереження в метрополітені (на прикладі біметалевих контактних рейок)

The purpose of this study is to develop methods and tools for long-term forecasting of electricity consumption based on an improved integrated method for predicting electricity demand, taking into account the peculiarities of electric use of the Kyiv Metro and its impact on the city's electricity consumption. The scientific novelty of the results obtained is the consideration of technological potential with measures for electric saving, pouring into Level II and Level III in the energy consumption model, which takes into account both the overall potential of electric saving (from structural and technological shifts) in the country as a whole, and the features at the regional level (the city of Kyiv) in the types of economic activity in the provision of transport services (Metro). During the work, material was collected on measures for electricity saving in the metro and forecasts for the development of this type of service provision (passenger transportation). To achieve sufficient energy consumption, it is important to introduce energy-efficient technologies that will reduce electricity costs without losing productivity and passenger service quality. Bimetallic contact rails are more efficient in terms of transmitting electric current and reducing energy losses. This innovation opens up new opportunities for the sustainable development of urban transport and contributes to the creation of more efficient and convenient conditions for city residents. Measures are provided to protect the structures and equipment of the section that is being designed and built, the metro line from electric corrosion. Calculation of electricity saving potentials at the regional level (Kyiv) made it possible to more accurately take into account the volume of implementation of energy saving measures, since such programs are developed at the regional level. These estimates are used to determine the technological potential of energy saving. The technological potential of electricity saving will reach the level of 600 million kWh by 2040, while maintaining the pace of economic development in Kyiv. Keywords: Metro, electric saving, electric saving potential, forecasting, energy efficiency, electricity.

THE CHOICE AND REASONING OF THE BUS RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEMS FOR CITY TRANSPORT

The presented research is focused on the design of a new driving cycle of the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) for the Kyiv city. This cycle consists of a complex of two types of sections. Each of them includes various phases of the traffic. A mathematical model was specified, which serves for defining the efficiency properties indices and for regimes of bus transport. The BRT are used within the bus lines. It was found, that two articles articulated buses are the most suitable choice, the MAZ-215 among them, for exploitation. At the same time, they provide the smallest fuel consumption together with the shorter operation time on the bus line as well as higher average speed at full and half loading. The optimal driving speeds of the steady traffic are the values of 50 km/h for section up to 1 km and 60 km/h or 70 km/h for section over 1 km. It was evaluated, that depending on the steady motion speed and the load level, the driving time of the BRT on the line varies from 20.1 min to 23.4 min, which is much lower than the driving time of a trolleybus on the same line according to the traffic schedule.

Algorithm of complex therapy and prevention of emotional burnout in doctors-psychiatrists during the war and its effectiveness

Abstract. The purpose - to develop and determine the effectiveness of the algorithm of complex therapy and prevention of emotional burnout (EB) among psychiatrists during the war, to resolve the issue of its recommendation for wide implementation in the system of mental health care institutions. The research sample, which was formed in compliance with the principles of biomedical ethics and based on informed consent, included 120 psychiatrists who worked in the city of Kyiv in the period from February 24, 2022. During 2022, the persons under examination were divided into three groups: the first group included 37 persons (30.8%) – doctors with no signs of professional maladjustment (PMA), and a low level of EB; the second group consisted of 57 persons (47.5% ) with signs of professional PMA, and a moderate level of EB; the third group consisted of 26 persons ( 21.7%) and they were respondents with clinically established and pronounced PMA, and a high level of EB. As a result of the study, the personal, psychopathological, psychosocial, professional and emotional-interpersonal factors of the formation and progression of EB among psychiatrists during the war were established, and their interrelationships in its genesis, on the basis of which the basic principles of a comprehensive approach to the therapy and prevention of EB were formulated for psychiatrists (complexity, personalization, phasing and availability), the main goals of treatment and prevention measures are defined and 4 therapeutic strategies of diagnosis, therapy and prevention are proposed within the framework of providing specialized medical care to psychiatrists during the war. These are recommended to be implemented taking into account the degree PMA as a key descriptor of EB, and in accordance with the key vectors of pathological changes in the respondents. The implementation and further evaluation of the effectiveness of the mentioned measures proved their effectiveness in eliminating manifestations of EB and PMA, normalization of mental state with levelling of psychopathological symptoms, improvement of social and psychological adaptation and quality of life of psychiatrists. The results obtained make it possible to recommend this algorithm for wide implementation in the practice of mental health care institutions.

A hybrid model of artificial intelligence integrated into GIS for predicting accidents in water supply networks

The search for an effective and reliable model for predicting accidents on water supply networks by determining their exact locations has always been important for effectively managing water distribution systems. This study, based on the adaptive neuro-fuzzy logical inference system (ANFIS) model, was developed to predict accidents in the city of Kyiv (Ukraine) water supply network. The ANFIS model was combined with genetic algorithms and swarm optimization (ACO) methods and integrated into a GIS to visualize results and determine locations. Forecasts were evaluated according to the following criteria: mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and coefficient of determination (R2). Depending on the amount and type of input data, ANFIS optimization with genetic algorithms and swarm optimization (ACO) can, on average, increase the accuracy of ANFIS predictions by 10.1% to 11%. The obtained results indicate that the developed hybrid model may be successfully applied to predict accidents on water supply networks.

Biodiversity of plants in suburban meadows to create urban lawns with wildflowers

The creation of natural lawns is a means of optimizing costs for maintaining green infrastructure in the city by including natural biodiversity in lawns, which will increase the stability of plant communities in lawns and the quality of ecosystem services. Purpose. Determine the predominant species of plant groups of natural phytocenoses, which are further appropriate for planting in semi-natural lawns to ensure the stability of territories.. Methods. The Ramensky method was employed to determine the quantitative composition of natural lawns in the study areas, while the Raunkiær classification was utilized to identify persistent and perennial plant species. Results. The geobotanical investigation enabled the identification of dominant species in the study areas, providing insights into the phytocoenological composition of natural lawns for the city of Kyiv. This served as the foundation for developing recommendations for a plant catalogue tailored to the creation of such lawns in Kyiv. The grass stand at Lysa Hora exhibited the highest stability, with a significant presence of native species. Adventitious species were less dominant in this area, likely due to their conditional pathogenicity. Conversely, Trukhaniv Island displayed dominance by typical species, albeit with the occasional presence of azonal species. Mount Shchekavytsia showed competition between azonal and typical species. Surveys of recreational areas, including Lysa Hora, Mount Shchekavytsia, and Trukhaniv Island, underscored the presence of native, azonal, and adventive species. The study identified common native hemicryptophytes, including filamentous fescue, grey fescue, and creeping wheatgrass. A developed plant catalogue is poised to enhance ecosystem regulation services, such as microclimate regulation, water and wind erosion control, biodiversity maintenance, and social services through increased territorial attractiveness. Conclusions. When creating a natural lawn, the best species are considered to be indigenous, which allows for the sustainability of plant communities. The study identified the following native species that will successfully complement lawn coverings in the city: gray and filamentous fescue, ground fescue, creeping thyme, green strawberry, field carnation, and oak sage. The recommendations can be applied in other cities of Ukraine with similar physical and geographical conditions.

Practical experience of installing an artificial base for industrial floors

The installation of artificial foundations for industrial buildings and constructions (industrial floors) is becoming more and more relevant in modern construction, as the number of satisfactory sites for development is decreasing, territories with complex geological and hydrogeological conditions are increasingly being used. A high-quality installation of an artificial base should ensure the durability, strength and stability of the structure. When preparing the site and arranging the artificial base, it is necessary to take into account such important factors as the type of soil, the level of groundwater, the expected load on the floor and the type of floor covering. Compliance with the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation, the use of quality materials and professional execution of work are critical for the successful construction of industrial floors. As part of the study, an overview and detailed description of the process of installing an artificial base for industrial floors was carried out on the example of a real construction, a warehouse complex with an area of 35,000 m² in the south-western outskirts of the city of Kyiv. The article highlights that the foundation installation process includes two main stages: site preparation and creation of artificial foundation layers. The preparation of the site includes cleaning and planning of the territory, removing and removing the fertile layer of soil, conducting engineering and geological studies and implementing measures for the engineering protection of the territory. The arrangement of the artificial base includes the compaction of the existing soil layers, the creation of new artificial base layers and their mechanical compaction in combination with the reinforcement of the layers with geosynthetics materials (geogrids). This study emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive approach to site preparation and artificial base installation, which allows for reliable and long-term operation of industrial floors, minimizing the risks of deformation and damage.

Epidemiology and Antibiotic Resistance of Combat Wound Infection in Surgical Patients

The aim. To analyze the microbiological spectrum of pathogens causing surgical site infections and their antibiotic resistance in surgical patients injured during the military conflict between Ukraine and Russia. Materials and methods. This study was based on 137 bacteriological examinations of biological samples from patients treated in the surgical department of the Kyiv City Oleksandrivska Clinical Hospital in 2022. The samples included 81cultures isolated from postoperative wounds and 56 cultures from the abdominal cavity. Susceptibility to antibacter drugs was determined according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) standards. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics. Results. Among the 137 analyzed samples, the most common pathogens were Klebsiella pneumoniae (22.6%), Enterococcus faecalis (13.1%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (13.1%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11.6%), and Escherichia coli (10.2%). In the abdominal cavity samples (n = 56), E. coli was predominant (17.9%), followed by K. pneumoniae (16.1%), E. faecalis (16.1%), S. epidermidis (10.7%), Candida (8.9%), and P. aeruginosa (7.1%). In postoperative wound samples (n = 81), K. pneumoniae was found in 27.2%, P. aeruginosa in 14.8%, S. epidermidis in 14.8%, S. aureus in 12.3%, and E. faecalis in 11.1%. K. pneumoniae showed high resistance to amikacin (86.6%), meropenem (74.2%), piperacillin-tazobactam (82.8%), and ceftriaxone (86.2%). E. faecalis exhibited resistance to imipenem (58.8%), levofloxacin (47.1%), and vancomycin (12.5%). S. epidermidis had resistance to gentamicin (13.3%), meropenem (50%), and oxacillin (35.7%). P. aeruginosa demonstrated resistance to ciprofloxacin (45.6%), meropenem (67.4%), ceftazidime (52.3%), and piperacillin-tazobactam (48.7%). Conclusion. The primary pathogens causing surgical site infections in military surgical patients are K. pneumoniae, E. faecalis, S. epidermidis, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli. The pathogen spectrum varies between abdominal cavity infections and postoperative wound infections. There is a clear trend towards increased detection of antibiotic-resistant pathogens, particularly among military personnel. Colonization with resistant microorganisms increases during medical evacuation through different levels of the evacuation chain.