Jinan City Research Articles

Potential Risks Associated with Japanese Encephalitis Prevalence in Shandong Province, China.

Japanese encephalitis (JE), which is caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), is a zoonotic, vector-borne neurotropic disease that remains a major cause of viral encephalitis in Asia. JEV is spread to humans through mosquitoes, and its primary transmission vector is Culex tritaeniorhynchus. Mosquitoes were sampled from three collection sites: Hanzhuang town in Weishan County, Taibai Lake in Jining city, and Dongping Lake in Shandong Province, China. Pyrethroid insecticide resistance bioassays were conducted using adult mosquitoes. Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and C. pipiens pallens populations in Hanzhuang town and Dongping Lake showed resistance to pyrethroid insecticides, and populations in Taibai Lake showed incipient resistance. Coquillettidia ochracea populations in Hanzhuang town presented resistance as well, while in Taibai Lake, resistance was incipient. A total of 16,711 mosquitoes were collected, identified, and divided into 346 pools for JEV testing. Cx. tritaeniorhynchus had the advantage of being a local mosquito species. Overall, 31 (22.96) of the 135 pools of Cx. Tritaeniorhynchus were positive for JEV. The overall maximum likelihood estimates of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, C. pipiens pallens, and Cq. ochracea indicated pooled infection rates of 5.29/1000 mosquitoes (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.67–7.42), 1.60/1000 mosquitoes (95% CI = 0.82–2.85), and 6.39/1000 mosquitoes (95% CI = 0.39–32.23), respectively. There were no significant differences in the pooled infection rates between the districts. The resistance to pyrethroids has increased the difficulty in controlling the mosquito vectors, especially JEV-positive mosquitoes. Given the changes in the JEV transmission vectors, the spatial and temporal diversity and the dynamic variety of mosquito species, insecticide resistance and global warming have the potential to facilitate the transmission of JE to humans.

Synaptotagmin 7 in twist-related protein 1-mediated epithelial – Mesenchymal transition of non-small cell lung cancer

BackgroundTwist-related protein 1 (TWIST1) plays an essential role in the carcinogenesis and metastasis of NSCLC. Our aims were to identify the molecule at the downstream of TWIST1 and to evaluate its potential as a diagnostic and a prognostic marker in NSCLC. MethodsThe functional genes at the downstream of TWIST1 were obtained via microarray gene expression analyses in the NSCLC cell line. The expression levels of synaptotagmin 7 (SYT7) in a cohort of patients with NSCLC (n = 154) were examined using immunohistochemistry staining and assessed by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression analysis. The effects of SYT7 on the tumorigenesis and metastasis of NSCLC were measured in NSCLC cells. In vivo xenograft lung cancer models were used to study the tumorigenesis role of SYT7. FindingsWe discovered that SYT7 is significantly altered by TWIST1 expression. We further confirmed that SYT7 protein was significantly higher in NSCLC than that in the adjacent normal lung tissue, and higher SYT7 expression was associated with poor survival of NSCLC patients. The protein level of SYT7 was positively correlated with TWIST1 in NSCLC tissue. Functional experiments indicated that SYT7 promoted proliferation, invasion, and metastasis and inhibited cell apoptosis of NSCLC cells in vitro. In vivo experiments showed that shSYT7 inhibited the xenograft tumor growth of NSCLC cells. Knocking down of SYT7 increased the expression of E-cadherin and decreased the level of N-cadherin and Vimentin in cultured cells. InterpretationOur data indicate that SYT7 is an important promoter for EMT and tumor progression in NSCLC. FundThis project was supported by grants from the Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Province (2018CXGC1212), Science and Technology Foundation of Shandong Province (2014GSF118084, 2016GSF121043), Medical and Health Technology Innovation Plan of Jinan City (201805002) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81372333).

Study on insecticide resistance of Culex pipiens pallens in southwest region of Shandong Province

To explore the sensitivity of Culex pipiens pallens to common chemical insecticides in the southwestern region of Shandong Province, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the development of reasonable and effective mosquito control measures. The resistance of Cx. pipiens pallens larvae to 5 chemical insecticides, such as cypermethrin, deltamethrin, DDVP, propoxur, and acetofenate were tested by using the WHO biological test method in 2018, and the co-toxicity coefficients after compounding the above-mentioned insecticides were tested by using a drug compounding method. The resistance indexes of Cx. pipiens pallens to cypermethrin, deltamethrin, DDVP, propoxur, and acetofenate in 3 cities were 144.43-557.54, 118.17-445.33, 6.44-19.00, 2.37-8.10, and 0.88-2.98, respectively, and expect the difference between the DDVP resistances of Cx. pipiens pallens in Jining City and Heze City was not statistically significant (P > 0.05), all the other differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). The synergistic coefficients of cypermethrin + DDVP, cypermethrin + propoxur, DDVP + acetofenate, and propoxur + acetofenate were 199.58 - 456.95, 190.56 - 292.37, 123.32 - 319.24, and 192.31 - 367.32, respectively. The lower synergism was observed by using the mixture of DDVP + propoxur (synergistic coefficient: 99.87-108.36) . After decades of chemical control, Cx. pipiens pallens in the southwestern region of Shandong Province has produced different degrees of resistance to common chemical insecticides. Therefore, comprehensive control measures should be taken to control mosquito breeding and prevent the development of insecticide resistance.

Determining the soil-bedrock interface and fracture-zone scope in the central urban area of the Jinan city, China, by using microtremor signals

AbstractTo explore and utilize the urban underground space, it is important for us to accurately obtain information on the near surface structures. Microtremor signals play a vital role in that they carry abundant information about the subsurface structure and can be easily observed under disturbance of human activities in urban areas. We collected microtremor signals at 24 sites along a survey line in central Jinan city, obtained the dispersion curves by using the Extended Spatial Autocorrelation method and the resonance frequencies by using the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio method, and inverted the near surface structures by using the forking genetic algorithm. The lateral variation of the soil–rock interface was delineated at a maximum depth of 33 m and a large fracture zone was determined at a width of approximately 300 m. The frequency peaks changed from 2.5 to 7.3 Hz for the fracture and stable zones. A frequency-dependent model of the sediment thickness was obtained as $h = 101{f_r}^{ - 1.13}$, where h is the depth with a unit of m and fr is the resonance frequency. These results may be useful for understanding near surface structures and then benefit exploration of urban underground space.

Emotional intelligence a academic procrastination among junior college nursing students.

To explore nursing students' academic procrastination and its relationship with emotional intelligence (EI) and self-efficacy, and self-efficacy's mediation of the relationship between EI and academic procrastination. Academic procrastination can lead to a range of negative outcomes. Previous researches have suggested EI and self-efficacy are associated with academic procrastination, but the underlying mechanism of the relationships between them is not clear. Therefore, it is important to determine how these two factors affect academic procrastination. A cross-sectional survey. A convenience sample of 347 nursing students was recruited from two junior colleges in Jinan City, Shandong Province, China. Emotional intelligence and self-efficacy were negatively associated with academic procrastination. Furthermore, self-efficacy mediated the relationship between EI and academic procrastination. Students who report lower EI and self-efficacy may be at a higher risk of academic procrastination. One way of weakening individuals' procrastination is to strengthen their EI. Another is to help them believe in their abilities rather than fear failure in achieving their goal. Focusing more on these influencing factors can help nursing educators develop intervention measures aimed at decreasing students' procrastination behaviour, such as through EI and self-efficacy training. The findings from the current study could have important implications for nursing education. That is, students who report lower EI and self-efficacy may be at a higher risk of academic procrastination. A larger focus on these influencing factors can help nursing educators and consultants develop intervention measures aimed at decreasing students' procrastination behaviour.

Case of Notarization of Li’s Change of Identity, Jinan City, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China

Case of Notarization of Li’s Change of Identity, Jinan City, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China

The analysis on air pollution characteristics at the bus stops in Jinan City

The concentration of pollutants is higher near the bus stops because of the frequent start-stop emissions of bus vehicles, which brings great risks to the travel crowd. At the stop of University of Jinan, in Jinan City, PM2.5 concentration and PM10 concentration generally showed an upward trend, and the maximum concentration was mainly concentrated at 20:00-22:00, during the observation period; the concentration of PM2.5 concentration had two peak value, around 11:00 and after 20:00, respectively, during the non-smog weather; the concentration of PM2.5 concentration and PM10 concentration has been rising gradually from 6:00 to 22:00, and the peak value around 11:00 is not very obvious, during the smog weather, but the late peak of PM2.5 concentration and PM10 concentration around 17:00 is especially obvious. The peak of PM2.5 concentration and PM10 concentration of bus stop appeared due to the frequent start and stop of the bus. The content of heavy metals in atmospheric particulates is obviously higher, especially the concentrations of Cd, Cr, Pb and Hg are 59.56, 4.31, 8.68 and 4.19 times of soil background values, respectively, which are obviously enriched. the heavy metal concentrations in falldust are very close to the heavy metal concentrations of atmosphere particulate matter, the result indicated that the heavy metal emitted by automobile exhaust gas has no obvious influence on atmospheric heavy metal content in a short time, the disturbance of ground dustfall has a great influence on the concentrations of heavy metals in the atmosphere. The exposure level of PM2.5 and PM10 during haze weather conditions is far greater than exposure level of PM2.5 and PM10 during non-haze weather conditions.

Three-dimensional landscape modeling of Quancheng Square in Jinan city

Nowadays, with the booming of tourism industry and the rapid development of modern urban construction, two-dimensional scene expression is quite far from satisfying people’s requirements for travelling, sightseeing, shopping and other aspects. Compared with the two-dimensional scene expression, three-dimensional scene expression can provide people with more realistic scenes display and more quality services. Therefore, we carried out three-dimensional landscape belt modeling in Quancheng Square for delivering people more vivid scenery and more details of the sights of Quancheng Square. The modeling procedure consists of three major parts, including the iconic objects modeling by SketchUp, the entire three-dimensional scene modeling and three-dimensional spatial analysis by Skyline. People can clearly learn about the landscape of Quancheng Square through the 3D models and obtain more travelling information of the landscape. Thus, it has been widely applied in many fields, such as virtual tourism, tourism resources management, urban planning and the study of dynamic changes in urban environment.

Analysis of Land Use Change Based on Landsat 8

Remote sensing image classification technology is applied to land use classification, which can quickly obtain land use information. Based on Landsat8 OLI image data of Jinan City in May 2017 and May 2018 and the latest vector map of Jinan in 2018, the paper analyzes the situation of land use change in Jinan City, draws the quantitative results of the change, and draws some conclusions. It provides certain decision support for scientific use, rational and sustainable development of land use in Jinan.

Annexin10 Promotes Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Metastasis by Facilitating EMT via PLA2G4A/PGE2/STAT3 Pathway

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), consisting of intrahepatic (IHCCA), perihilar (PHCCA), and distal (DCCA) CCA, is a type of highly aggressive malignancy with a very dismal prognosis. Potential biomarkers and drug targets of CCA are urgently needed. As a new member of the Annexin (ANXA) family, the role of ANXA10 in the progression and prognosis of CCA is unknown. In our study, ANXA10 upregulation was revealed by exome and transcription sequencing in 5 pairs of PHCCA and adjacent tissues. The clinical significance and prognostic value of ANXA10 was evaluated by analyzing its correlation with clinicopathological variables and survival rates. As a result, ANXA10 expression was upregulated in PHCCA and DCCA but not in IHCCA. High ANXA10 expression was significantly associated with poor tumor differentiation and unfavorable prognosis. With in vitro and in vivo experiments, we demonstrated that ANXA10 promoted the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), proliferation, migration and invasion of the PHCCA cell line QBC939. The key molecule in ANXA10-induced CCA progression was screened by mRNA sequencing. Consequently, PLA2G4A expression was regulated by ANXA10 and it was required in ANXA10-induced metastasis. High PLA2G4A expression also predicted poor prognosis in PHCCA and DCCA. With multiple in vivo experiments, we showed that ANXA10 facilitated EMT and promoted metastasis by upregulating PLA2G4A expression, thus increasing PGE2 levels and activating STAT3. In conclusion, ANXA10 was an independent prognostic biomarker of PHCCA and DCCA but not IHCCA. ANXA10 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of PHCCA and facilitated metastasis by promoting the EMT process via the PLA2G4A/PGE2/STAT3 pathway. Our results suggested that ANXA10, PLA2G4A and their downstream molecules, such as COX2 and PGE2, may be promising drug targets of PHCCA and DCCA. Funding Statement: Our study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 81601668), Shandong Province Major Research and Design Program (Grant No. 2018GSF118169), Jinan City Science and Technology Development Program(Grant No. 201805017, 201805013), and Hengrui Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Foundation (Grant No.Y-2017-144). Declaration of Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interests. Ethics Approval Statement: All experiments were approved by the Ethics Committee of Qilu Hospital of Shandong University.

Novel astrovirus types circulating in Shandong Province (Eastern China) during 2016: A clinical and environmental surveillance

BackgroundIn recent years, several novel astroviruses have been discovered by molecular assays. Their prevalence in many parts of the world remains unclear. ObjectivesTo investigate the existence and genetic diversity of novel astroviruses in China. Study designStool specimens were collected from patients suffering gastroenteritis from two hospitals in Jinan city in 2016, and were screened for novel astroviruses by real-time RT-PCR assay. Positive samples were subject of ORF2-amplification by conventional RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. In addition, 1 liter of sewage sample was collected monthly in 2016 and concentrated via the membrane adsorption/elution method. Partial ORF2 amplification, cloning and Sanger sequencing were conducted, and phylogenetic analysis was performed for genotyping all the obtained sequences. Results18 of 635 specimens (2.8%) were positive for novel astrovirus detection by real-time RT-PCR assay and were further genotyped by Sanger sequencing as 13 MLB1, 4 MLB2, and 1 VA3. 100% (12/12) of sewage samples were positive for novel astroviruses by conventional RT-PCR. After cloning and sequencing, six known novel astroviruses (MLB1, MLB2, VA1, VA2, VA3, and VA5) were identified. VA2, MLB1, and VA1 were the most common subtypes being detected in 100.0% (12/12), 91.7% (11/12), and 91.7% (11/12) of the samples, respectively. Eighteen sequences that could not be classified into any known subtypes were found. ConclusionsThese results demonstrate the wide circulation and high diversity of novel astroviruses in Jinan, Shandong Province, China, and underline the significance of environmental surveillance combined with population-based surveillance for understanding the molecular epidemiology of enteric viruses.

Land acquisition induced conflicts in suburban China: a procedural perspective

AbstractProtests and opposition to land acquisition from displaced peasants for fair compensation occur on a daily basis in China and have become the most prominent social problem in rural parts of the country. Employing a procedural perspective on conflict, this paper aims to uncover the complexities and tensions that are triggered in the process by drawing on a case of a land confiscation in Jining City, a medium‐size city in Shandong Province, China. Our research shows that conflicts exist at various scales: both between the local governments and rural households and between the village officials and villagers. The paper argues that ambiguity in de jure and de facto land acquisition procedures has resulted in both an escalation of conflict and increasing inequality in the outcomes and benefits of the process. We discuss and conclude that the differences between de jure and de facto procedures in the process of land acquisition are a significant institutional barrier in the resolution of conflict in this important issue for rural China.

Development and Preliminary Evaluation of Chinese Preschoolers’ Caregivers’ Feeding Behavior Scale

BackgroundCaregivers’ feeding behavior plays a crucial role in the development of overweight and obesity in preschoolers. However, to date, there is no broadly accepted scale or questionnaire for assessing preschoolers’ caregivers’ feeding behavior in China. ObjectiveTo develop a scale that can be used to assess preschoolers’ caregivers’ feeding behavior in China and to conduct a preliminary evaluation of the scale’s reliability, validity, and discriminative ability. DesignThe scale was created through a literature review and qualitative interviews with the target population. Items were reviewed by 50 caregivers of preschoolers and 10 experienced pediatricians, and 95 items were selected to form a draft scale. The draft scale underwent three rounds of investigation, and the results from these evaluations were used to select items that formed the final scale. Participants/settingThree groups of caregivers (n=175, 400, and 912) were sampled and stratified from urban and suburban kindergartens in the cities of Jinan and Xi’an between March 2016 and October 2017 to participate in evaluations of the draft scale. From these caregiver groups, 146, 362, and 768 participants completed valid questionnaires, respectively, which were used in the scale’s evaluation. Primary outcome measuresThe general demographic data of the participants and scores of each item in the scale were the primary outcome measures. Statistical analyses performedExploratory factor analysis and variability analysis were used to evaluate the draft scale, based on data from two rounds of investigation. The structure of the scale was explored through confirmatory factor analysis, and its reliability, construct validity, and discriminative ability were evaluated based on data from a third round of investigation. ResultsThe Chinese Preschoolers’ Caregivers’ Feeding Behavior Scale (CPCFBS) consisted of 35 items and seven dimensions; the total cumulative variance contribution rate was 58.6%; the Cronbach’s α coefficient was .91; the split-half reliability coefficient was 0.89; and the test–retest reliability coefficient was 0.85. The age and weight status of the children and the caregivers’ age and education levels, as well as family incomes and child-caregiver relationships, were correlated with feeding behavior. ConclusionsThe CPCFBS appeared to have good reliability and construct validity in specific Chinese populations. Future studies are needed to confirm existing findings in different Chinese populations with larger sample sizes.

Investigation and Analysis of Consumers’ Food Safety Cognition in Shandong Province

Major issues of people’s livelihood that are of general concern to government departments and consumers when food safety issues arise. This paper surveys nearly 1,200 consumers in six cities of Jinan, Weifang, Dezhou, Linyi, Qingdao, and Heze in Shandong Province, and consumers’ attitudes toward food safety risks, consumer purchasing behavior, and consumer food safety. The ability to judge and consumers access to food safety information was analyzed. The research results provide a basis for effective supervision and guidance by government departments.

Transcription Factor 7 Promotes the Progression of Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma by Inducing the Transcription of c-Myc and FOS-Like Antigen 1

Background: Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHCC) is the most common type of cholangiocarcinoma with the worst prognosis. Radical resection of PHCC is difficult; thus, few effective biomarkers or useful molecular profiles for PHCC have been reported in recent years. Methods: In this study, we screened potential biomarkers for PHCC using exon and transcriptome sequencing with PHCC tissues and paired normal tissues, and confirmed that transcription factor 7(TCF7) was upregulated in PHCC using qRT-PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The correlations between TCF7 and clinicopathological factors were analyzed with Chi-square test, and the prognostic significance of TCF7 was evaluated with univariate and multivariate analysis in two independent cohorts. Moreover, the functions of TCF7 and its main effectors in PHCC cells proliferation, invasion, and migration were investigated with in vitro and in vivo experiments. Findings: TCF7 expression was upregulated in PHCC and it was an unfavorable prognostic biomarker. c-Myc was a main effector of TCF7 in PHCC cells and responsible for TCF7-induced proliferation, invasion, and migration of PHCC cells. With qRT-PCR screening, FOSL1 was also identified as a downstream target gene of TCF7 and was required in TCF7-induced PHCC proliferation. Triple-positive expression of TCF7, c-Myc, and FOSL1 predicted a much worse prognosis in patients with PHCC than TCF7 expression alone. Interpretation: TCF7 correlated with poor prognosis of PHCC by promoting proliferation, invasion, and migration of PHCC, which required the participation of its target gene c-Myc and FOSL1. Triple-positive expression of TCF7, c-Myc, and FOSL1 was a more sensitive factor to predict prognosis than TCF7 expression alone in patients with PHCC. These results suggested that postoperative detection of TCF7, c-Myc, and FOSL1 may be useful for stratifying patients with a high risk of unfavorable prognosis and that suppressing TCF7 or its downstream effectors may be a promising strategy for the treatment of PHCC. Funding: Our study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 81601668), Shandong Province Major Research and Design Program (Grant No. 2018GSF118169), Jinan City Science and Technology Development Program (Grant No. 201805017, 201805013), and Hengrui Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Foundation (Grant No.Y-2017-144). Declaration of Interest: We declare no conflicts of interest. Ethical Approval: This study was approved by the Qilu Hospital of Shandong Univeristy. The Laboratory Animal Care and Use Committees of the hospital approved all experimental procedures. Written informed consents were received from all patients.

Spatial relationship of high-speed transportation construction and land-use efficiency and its mechanism: Case study of Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration

Land-use efficiency is low for the urban agglomeration of China. High-speed transportation construction has been an important factor driving land use change. It is critically important to explore the spatial relationship between the high-speed transportation superiority degree and land-use efficiency. We built a model to evaluate the benefits of convenient high-speed transportation using the relative density of highways and the distance from high-speed rail stations and airports as a metric. We used 42 counties of the Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration as an example. Land-use efficiency was calculated by a DEA model with capital, labor, economic benefits and environmental benefits as input and output factors. We examined the spatial relationships between high-speed transport superiority degree and land-use efficiency and obtained the following results. First, there are significant spatial differences in the relationships between the high-speed transportation superiority degree and land-use efficiency. Taking the two major cities of Jinan and Qingdao as the hubs, the core surrounding counties show significant spatial relationship between land-use efficiency and the high-speed transportation superiority degree. Spatial correlation declines as the distance from the hubs increases. Land-use efficiency is less than high-speed transportation convenience in areas along the transportation trunks that are distant from the hub cities. Correlation is low in areas that are away from both hub cities and transportation trunk routes. Second, high-speed transportation has a positive relationship with land-use efficiency due to the mechanism of element agglomeration exogenous growth. Third, high-speed transportation facilitates the flow of goods, services and technologies between core cities and peripheral cities as space spillover (the hub effect). This alters the spatial pattern of regional land-use efficiency. Finally, the short-board effect caused by decreased high-speed transport construction can be balanced by highway construction and the proper node layouts of high-speed rail stations and airports, resulting in a well-balanced spatial pattern of land-use efficiency.

Predicting cyanobacteria bloom occurrence in lakes and reservoirs before blooms occur

With increased global warming, cyanobacteria are blooming more frequently in lakes and reservoirs, severely damaging the health and stability of aquatic ecosystems and threatening drinking water safety and human health. There is an urgent demand for the effective prediction and prevention of cyanobacterial blooms. However, it is difficult to effectively reduce the risks and loss caused by cyanobacterial blooms because most methods are unable to successfully predict cyanobacteria blooms. Therefore, in this study, we proposed a new cyanobacterial bloom occurrence prediction method to analyze the probability and driving factors of the blooms for effective prevention and control. Dominant cyanobacterial species with bloom capabilities were initially determined using a dominant species identification model, and the principal driving factors of the dominant species were then analyzed using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Cyanobacterial bloom probability was calculated using a newly-developed model, after which, the probable mutation points were identified and thresholds for the principal driving factors of cyanobacterial blooms were predicted. A total of 141 phytoplankton data sets from 90 stations were collected from six large-scale hydrology, water-quality ecology, integrated field surveys in Jinan City, China in 2014–2015 and used for model application and verification. The results showed that there were six dominant cyanobacterial species in the study area, and that the principal driving factors were water temperature, pH, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand, and dissolved oxygen. The cyanobacterial blooms corresponded to a threshold water temperature range, pH, total phosphorus (TP), ammonium nitrogen level, chemical oxygen demand, and dissolved oxygen levels of 19.5–32.5 °C, 7.0–9.38, 0.13–0.22 mg L−1, 0.38–0.63 mg L−1, 10.5–17.5 mg L−1, and 4.97–8.28 mg L−1, respectively. Comparison with research results from other global regions further supported the use of these thresholds, indicating that this method could be used in habitats beyond China. We found that the probability of cyanobacterial bloom was 0.75, a critical point for prevention and control. When this critical point was exceeded, cyanobacteria could proliferate rapidly, increasing the risk of cyanobacterial blooms. Changes in driving factors need to be rapidly controlled, based on these thresholds, to prevent cyanobacterial blooms. Temporal and spatial scales were critical factors potentially affecting the selection of driving factors. This method is versatile and can help determine the risk of cyanobacterial blooms and the thresholds of the principal driving factors. It can effectively predict and help prevent cyanobacterial blooms to reduce the global probability of occurrence, protect the health and stability of water ecosystems, ensure drinking water safety, and protect human health.

A Regional Sustainable Intensive Land Use Evaluation Based on Ecological Constraints: A Case Study in Jinan City

Intensive development is a sign of human social progress, and moderate intensification is a continuously pursued goal. However, how to conduct a moderately intensive land use evaluation remains a challenge. To solve this problem, this research proposes the concept of sustainable intensification variable and develops a sustainable intensification variable model to determine the appropriate interval of regional intensive land use and evaluate the intensification of land use. The evaluation method of the sustainable intensification variable model is based on the principle and method of the intensification variable, and the regional sustainable development evaluation factors in the model are revised based on rational land use and ecological constraints. To verify the rationality of the model and systematically evaluate the intensification of land use in the city of Jinan, this method was tested using land use data and social economic data on Jinan from 2001, 2011, and 2015. The results show that the model has a high accuracy in judging the moderately intensive interval of regional land use and evaluating intensive land use, and has important reference value for regional sustainable development decision-making.

Relationship between blood glucose, blood lipid and body mass index in urban hypertensive communities

Objective To analyze the relationship between blood glucose, blood lipid and body mass index(BMI) in elderly patients with hypertension. Methods Form January 2016 to December 2017, 376 hypertensive patients over 65 year old in Jinan city were enrolled in this study.The sex, age, BMI, fasting blood glucose and blood lipid were investigated and tested.The prevalence of coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus in hypertensive patients were investigated, and the relationship between BMI and blood glucose, blood lipid and liver function index were explored. Results Of 376 hypertensive patients, the detection rate of diabetes mellitus was 21.01%(79/376), 221 cases were diagnosed with coronary heart disease, with the detection rate of 58.78%.With the rise of BMI, fasting blood glucose showed an upward trend.Person correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between BMI and fasting blood glucose(r=0.167, P=0.003). The difference between TG and TC in different BMI groups was statistically significant(FTG=12.48, P<0.001; FTC=4.83, P<0.001). The content of alanine transaminase in the overweight group and obese group was significantly higher than that in the normal body weight group, the difference was statistically significant(F=5.24, P=0.005). Conclusion For elderly hypertensive patients, it is urgent to test blood glucose and coronary heart disease screening.For people over the age of 65, obesity is still an important risk factor for hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia.Therefore, body weight control is needed in elderly patients with hypertensive. Key words: Hypertension; Aged; Blood glucose; Dyslipidemias; Body mass index; Obesity; Sex factors; Age factors

Menopausal symptoms in different substages of perimenopause and their relationships with social support and resilience.

This study is designed to measure the prevalence and severity of menopausal symptoms at different substages of perimenopause, as well as the relationships of these symptoms with social support and resilience in perimenopausal women. A convenience sample of 732 perimenopausal women was recruited from 3 communities of Jinan City, Shandong Province, China, between March 2015 and March 2017. The participants completed the Menopause Rating Scale, the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, the Perceived Social Support Scale, and a questionnaire regarding sociodemographic information. Of all perimenopausal women surveyed, 76.4% reported menopausal symptoms. The prevalence and severity of menopausal symptoms differed significantly by different substages of perimenopause (all P < 0.001); the severity of menopausal symptoms was the least during the early menopausal transition substage and the most during the early postmenopausal substage. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression showed that family support (β = -0.169 to -0.240, P < 0.001) and resilience (β = -0.140 to -0.202, P < 0.001) were negatively associated with the total and subscale scores of the Menopause Rating Scale, and higher family support and resilience had fewer menopausal symptoms. The present findings suggest that menopausal symptoms vary across different substages of perimenopause. Furthermore, higher family support and resilience were significantly associated with fewer menopausal symptoms, which might be helpful for medical staff to identify these symptoms and seek appropriate preventive intervention.