City Of Izhevsk Research Articles

MARKETING RESEARCH OF ENVIRONMENTAL CULTURE POPULATION OF IZHEVSK

The article presents the results of a marketing study of the environmental culture and behavior of the population of the city of Izhevsk in 2023. The goals and objectives, the population under study, the size and structure of the sample, and the analysis tools are defined. An assessment of the actual sample obtained was given, on the basis of which a database was formed and an assessment of environmental culture and behavior was carried out. This study was initiated by the author of the article with the aim of testing a previously developed marketing model for assessing the level of environmental culture and behavior of the population “cognition-feeling-action”. The study became necessary to substantiate a number of provisions in the field of: environmental management and management against the backdrop of growing environmental problems in Russia and its regions; systematization of ideas about corporate social responsibility from the standpoint of justifying the rationality of its application; formation of marketing methodology for studying environmental culture and behavior of the population. Based on the results of a mass sample survey, a general and segment-by-segment assessment of the environmental culture and behavior of the population of Izhevsk in 2023 was given. The survey made it possible to record a number of indicators of the cognitive, affective and behavioral reaction of the population in the environmental sphere in general and by segment: “young” population (18 -44 years old); “middle-aged” population (45-59 years old), “elderly” people (over 60 years old). The structure of knowledge of environmental projects and programs, public and state bodies/institutions responsible for the state of the environment in the city of Izhevsk and Udmurtia has been studied. An assessment of the environmental situation in the city of Izhevsk by segment was recorded, and differentiation of people’s opinions regarding the consequences of environmental deterioration and the relevance of environmental problems was noted. An indirect study of the behavioral attitudes of a “responsible citizen” made it possible to assess the norms of behavior of the population and their readiness to act. Based on people's opinions, a rating of the relevance of measures to improve the environmental situation in the city of Izhevsk and the Urals was formed. As a result, an assessment of ecological culture is given by segments in the “cognition-feeling-action” model and illustrated graphically.

Clinical experience of outpatient treatment of bacterial skin infections in children

Data regarding the role of cutaneous microbiome in physiological and pathological conditions, pharmacological properties of fusidic acid and its clinical use for the treatment of skin infections are presented in the article. Incidence of skin infections in children treated in children’s city polyclinic No. 1 of Izhevsk city through 2019–2022 are analyzed. Outcomes of the treatment of these patients with topical fusidic acid preparations are presented. Due to high activity against typical cutaneous bacterial pathogens including MRSA strains of Staphylococcus aureus, favorable safety profile and pharmacokinetic profile when topically applied along with low resistance of the key pathogens fusidic acid preparations are the first line treatment of primary and secondary pyodermas.

Depression in somatic hospital patients

The purpose of this work was to assess the prevalence and socio-demographic risk factors for depression in patients of a somatic hospital in the city of Izhevsk. The study group (100 adult patients) was compiled by a continuous sampling method. The MINI 5.0.0 questionnaire and the DEPS Depression Scale were used to diagnose depression. The prevalence of current depression was 18%. Depression was more often diagnosed in patients with chronic somatic diseases (94.4%), men (66.7%), and married patients (72.2%). None of the patients with diagnosed depression applied for medical help with the corresponding complaints or received antidepressant therapy.

The Influence of a Poplar Leaf Miner on the Radial Growth of the Fodder Plant in Izhevsk City

The assessment was conducted regarding the influence of high population density of the Phyllonorycter populifoliella (Treitschke, 1833) leaf miner (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) in sustained outbreaks on radial growth of poplar (Populus balsamifera L.). The study was carried out in 2018 in Izhevsk town. A significant negative affect of the miner’s high densities on the host tree’s productivity has been shown. The results of the research allow us to consider Ph. populifoliella an economically significant poplar phyllophages and indicate the need to monitor the state of its populations.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ОНЛАЙН-КАРТ ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЯ АТМОСФЕРНОГО ВОЗДУХА Г. ИЖЕВСКА, ФОРМИРУЕМОГО ВЫБРОСАМИ ПЕРЕДВИЖНЫХ ИСТОЧНИКОВ

The study deals with the assessment of spatio-temporal dynamics of atmospheric pollution caused by emissions from road traffic flows. Nitrogen dioxide concentrations were calculated in the atmospheric air near Udmurtskaya street of the city of Izhevsk. The work was based on a mathematical model created for the calculation of emissions and their dispersion taking into account the dynamics of traffic flows, wind conditions. As the initial data, we used video recordings from continuous automatic recording of the traffic flow intensity. When calculating the emission of pollutants, we applied the model presented in the Methodology for Determining Emissions of Pollutants into the Atmospheric Air from Mobile Sources for Performing Summary Calculations of Atmospheric Air Pollution (approved by Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation No. 804 of November 27, 2019). To build a scattering calculation model, we used Methods for Calculating Dispersion of Emissions of Harmful (Polluting) Substances in the Atmospheric Air (approved by Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation No. 273 of June 6, 2017). To automate the process of calculating the scattering of impurities in the atmospheric air, a program code was created using the Go programming language. The data obtained by means of the implementation of the program code were visualized in the form of a dynamic map of the concentration distribution posted on the website https://komfortsreda.udsu.ru/ in the section Izhevsk/Atmospheric air/Dynamics of NO2 concentrations. This study deals with a new promising direction in the assessment of natural environments – assessment performed through online modeling. Emission dispersion modeling and assessment of the current state of atmospheric air are important as contributing to the general characterization of the ecological state of an urban area.

Орел-могильник в Республике Татарстан — продолжение исследований

Орел-могильник в Республике Татарстан — продолжение исследований

PRELIMINARY LIST OF FRESHWATER ALGAE FOUND IN IZHEVSK CITY AREA

The preliminary list of micro- and macro- algal taxa is provided for the part of Izh river drainage basin included in Izhevsk city area, which is the first taxonomical list for this territory. The list includes 73 species-level taxa from 6 divisions. The Fragilariaceae and Bacillariaceae families are the most numerous in terms of the number of species represented, belonging to the Bacillariophyceae class. The presence of Hydrodictyon reticulatum , a species included in the Red Book of the Udmurt Republic, was found at two investigated sites. Information about places and periods when species can be found and a coordinate table of sampling places are also attached along with some illustrations.

ASSESSMENT OF THE RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF TESTING THE SPEED-STRENGTH ABILITIES OF FOOTBALL PLAYERS WITH INFANT CEREBRAL PALSY ON THE MONARK BICYCLE ERGOMETER

In football, including handicapped football, effective play requires players to be able to handle the ball at high speed and perform multiple "explosive" high-speed movements. In disabled football, the problem of developing and evaluating the speed-strength abilities of football players with cerebral palsy is relevant. At present, in the period of active digitalization of education and sports, it is necessary to master and implement digital technologies in sports practice. The study was conducted on the basis of the Zenit football club for the disabled in the city of Izhevsk on an experimental group of 10 football players with cerebral palsy aged 15-18. The article substantiates the necessity and proves the possibility of using the test "bicycle ergometry on MONARK 894E" to measure the speed-strength abilities of football players with cerebral palsy. The basic requirements for tests are considered. Standardization is ensured by testing in the laboratory on the same bicycle ergometer. To check the validity, control motor speed-strength tests were chosen: “Long jump from a place with a push with two legs” and “Run for 30 meters”. Correlation analysis showed a strong statistical relationship between control motor tests and experimental one - "testing on a bicycle ergometer" (multiple correlation coefficient R XYZ =0,87 ). As an indicator of reliability, we took the Bravais-Pearson Correlation coefficient for two measurements on the MONARK 894E bicycle ergometer, which showed a strong relationship between them (r xg=0,99) . On the basis of the GTO standards, a “five-point” interval rating scale was developed according to the indications “maximum alactate power in W” for the experimental test. The conclusions on the conducted research are formulated.

Rare Wolbachia genotypes in laboratory Drosophila melanogaster strains.

Symbiotic bacteria of the genus Wolbachia are widespread in Drosophila melanogaster populations. Based on the polymorphism of the Wolbachia genome, the symbionts’ diversity in D. melanogaster is presented by two groups: MEL (wMel, wMel2, wMel3 and wMel4) and CS (wMelCS and wMelCS2). The wMel genotype is predominant in natural D. melanogaster populations and is distributed all over the world. The CS genotypes, on the other hand, are of particular interest because it is unclear how they are maintained in the fruit f ly populations since they should have been eliminated from them due to their low frequency and genetic drift or been replaced by the wMel genotype. However, this is not what is really observed, which means these genotypes are supported by selection. It is known that the wMelPlus strain of the wMelCS genotype can increase the lifespan of infected f lies at high temperatures. The same genotype also increases the intensity of dopamine metabolism in Drosophila compared to the MEL-group genotypes. In the present study, we searched for the rare Wolbachia wMelCS and wMelCS2 genotypes, as well as for new genotypes in wild-type D. melanogaster strains and in several mutant laboratory strains. The symbiont was found in all populations, in 200 out of 385 wild-type strains and in 83 out of 170 mutant strains. Wolbachia diversity in D. melanogaster wild-type strains was represented by the wMel, wMelCS and wMelCS2 genotypes. More than 90 % of the infected strains carried wMel; 9 %, wMelCS2; and only two strains were found to carry wMelCS. No new Wolbachia genotypes were found. The northernmost point reported for the wMelCS2 genotype was Izhevsk city (Udmurtia, Russia). For the f irst time the wMelCS2 genotype was detected in D. melanogaster from the Sakhalin Island, and wMelCS, in the f lies from Nalchik (the North Caucasus). A comparison of Wolbachia genetic diversity between the wild-type laboratory strains and previously obtained data on mutant laboratory strains demonstrated differences in the frequencies of rare CS genotypes, which were more prevalent in mutant strains, apparently due to the breeding history of these Drosophila strains

INNOVATION PROCESS IN RUSSIA AND SOME PROBLEMS OF ITS DEVELOPMENT

The main goal for any country remains to ensure economic growth (quantitative changes) and economic development (qualitative changes). The latter is explained by the fact that both the Russian and the world economy as a whole are facing the need for radical changes in all areas of the economy, caused by the transition to the new VI Kondratieff cycle. The upcoming transformations are based on the convergence of NBICS technologies, i.e. changes in basic development technologies. According to the Bloomberg innovation rating, Russia is ranked 24th out of 60 countries monitored by this agency in 2021. The Russian economy has been improving its position in this ranking over the past 5 years. But even patented innovations are not always implemented in practice, they do not become actual innovations. The slowdown in the introduction of innovations in the economy is explained by the lack of an effective institutional innovation infrastructure, Russian relational routines, opportunistic behavior of the participants in the process, the traditional orientation of potential users of technological innovations towards an extensive and less risky development paradigm, as well as resistance to innovations on the part of enterprise personnel. As a result of the sociological study undertaken by the authors, it was found that the majority of enterprises in the city of Izhevsk are prone to innovations of various types and varying degrees of novelty. The most typical reasons for turning to innovations are the desire to secure a higher competitive position. The main obstacles to the innovation process are the imperfection of the institutional environment, the lack of material and moral incentives for innovation, innovation risks, and the resistance of employees to innovation. In their innovative activities, enterprises need state support.

LEGAL PROTECTION OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR IN MUNICIPALITIES (A CASE OF IZHEVSK, UDMURT REPUBLIC)

The article discusses the main problematic issues related to the legal protection of atmospheric air. Effective implementation of measures for the protection of atmospheric air contributes to the realization of everyone's right to a favorable environment. The authors note that the atmospheric air protection system provides for the normalization of atmospheric air quality and harmful physical effects on atmospheric air, state accounting of harmful effects on atmospheric air and their sources, as well as a system of regular monitoring of the state of atmospheric air. The article presents data on the results of the study of the state of atmospheric air according to the program of episodic sampling. During the measurements and processing of the results, it was found out that the indicators of atmospheric air pollution on the average for the year on the roadway were higher than the intra-block ones. This is due to the intensive intake of fuel combustion products into the atmospheric air. It is noted that the formation of certain zones of atmospheric air pollution on the territory of the city of Izhevsk is facilitated by a combination of the effects of both stationary and mobile sources. However, in recent years, there has been a trend of reducing emissions from stationary emission sources located in the central industrial zone of Izhevsk.

Gene polymorphism in blood coagulation system and folate cycle affecting heart condition in patients with hemorrhagic fever and renal syndrome

One of the typical manifestations of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a damage to the cardiovascular system. The most promising direction of studying the causes of cardiac complications in HFRS should be considered the genetic patient characteristics, particularly taking into account the disease pathogenesis, study of polymorphism of the genes in the blood coagulation system and the folate cycle. The aim of the study was to find out an effect of polymorphism of the blood coagulation system and folate cycle genes on heart damage in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. A case-control study was conducted by enrolling 19 patients in the 2019 summerautumn period at the Republican Clinical Infectious Hospital in the City of Izhevsk. The study of polymorphism of the blood coagulation system and folate cycle genes was performed by using a set of reagents RealBest-Genetics Hemostasis (12) on the CFX96 amplifier (Bio-Rad, USA). DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes with reagents RealBest Extraction 100. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed on a Vivid 7 Dimension ultrasound scanner (GE Healthcare, USA) with a matrix sector sensor M4S with a phased array at scanning frequency of 1.54.3 MHz. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistica 12, IBM SPSS 22. The group parameters were calculated and depicted as median and interquartile range (ME [Q25; Q75]). Comparison of such parameters was carried out by using the MannWhitney criterion. Comparison of the frequency distribution for genotypes and alleles in the study groups was carried out using the criterion 2. The association of alleles/genotypes with a predisposition to detectable changes was assessed by the risk ratio (OR) additionally calculating 95% confidence interval (CI). The p 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. During the study, 7 patients were found to have floating echoes on the aortic valve in the outlet of the left ventricle signs of thrombotic endocarditis. In the group of patients with signs of thrombotic endocarditis, there was revealed a higher frequency of the allele A for the F7:10976 G/A gene compared to patients lacking signs of thrombotic endocarditis (p = 0.0357). All study patients had a normal left ventricular ejection fraction (more than 50%), but during the speckle-tracking study assessing the index of averaged peak longitudinal contractility (GLPS AVG), 11 patients with impaired myocardial contractility were identified. In patients with decreased GLPS AVG, the genotype G/G of the FGB:-455 G/A gene was detected more often compared to patients with preserved myocardial contractility (p = 0.0397). In 8 patients, signs of grade 1 diastolic left ventricular dysfunction were revealed, the prognostic importance of the gene polymorphism related to the blood coagulation system and folate cycle in developing this complication has not been determined.

LEGAL PROTECTION OF WATER BODIES IN MUNICIPALITIES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF IZHEVSK, UDMURT REPUBLIC)

The article reveals the main problematic issues related to the legal protection of water bodies. It is indicated that the protection of water bodies is defined in the water legislation as a system of measures aimed at the conservation and restoration of water bodies. The authors note that this system provides for monitoring and state accounting of water bodies, as well as control (supervision) over their use, bringing to justice those responsible for violations. The article describes the main surface water bodies located on the territory of the city of Izhevsk. It is noted that in relation to surface water bodies owned by municipalities, measures for the protection of surface water bodies are carried out by local self-government bodies. The paper investigates individual environmental problems of reservoirs and watercourses of the city of Izhevsk, as a result of which there is a degradation of natural communities and a violation of the processes of self-purification of rivers. Basically, the sources of pollution and clogging are considered to be objects that discharge or otherwise supply harmful substances to water bodies (industrial enterprises, utilities, agricultural enterprises, etc.). It is concluded that the implementation of all measures for the protection of water bodies is aimed at implementing the basic principle of water legislation - the priority of protecting water bodies over their use.

Factors affecting the decorativeness of flower beds in a regular style on the example of the city of Izhevsk

The emotional state and quality of the citizens' rest depends on the quality of the decorative floral design. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the floral design of the central part of the city of Izhevsk, to determine the optimal planting area of annual ornamental crops per 1 m2 and the factors that influenced the quality and decorative effect of regular-style flower beds in the conditions of Izhevsk. The selected objects for research are located along one route: Victory Square, Kuzebai Gerd Square, Likhvintsev Boulevard, the square near the residence of the Head of the Udmurt Republic, the square near the Children's Cafe. The examination of flower beds was carried out according to the principle of the route method. For a qualitative assessment of flower beds, the following were taken into account: the surface of the flower bed, the habitus and decorative properties of plants, the presence of decay, the state of the soil, the planting rate, and the littering. To assess the decorative effect of flower beds in the floral design of Izhevsk, the Department of Plant Introduction and Acclimatization of the Udmurt Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (UdmFIC UrO RAS) developed a 4-point assessment taking into account the laws of composition. Flower beds located on the territory of the studied objects are decorated mainly with annual flower crops and occupy an area of 3464 m2 (99.5%), including 1570 m2 (45%) in regular style, 13 types of ornamental plants of single–season use belonging to 10 families participated in the landscaping of regular-style flower beds in 2019-2020. When studying flower beds in the central part of Izhevsk in 2019-2020, the dependence of the assessment of quality and decorative effect on the density of planting flower seedlings was revealed, with increasing density, the decorative effect of flower beds improves. Several reasons have been identified that have affected the deterioration of the decorative nature of flower beds: violation of the planting dates of flower crops, sparse plantings (16 pcs / 1 m2), low level of agronomic care of flower beds.

ФОТОГРАММЕТРИЯ В РАЗВИТИИ ГОРОДСКИХ АГЛОМЕРАЦИЙ

The development of urban areas requires accurate and high-quality spatial data (SD). State pro-grams and regulations define the requirements for them: relevance, informativeness, versatility, ease of use and prompt and cheap monitoring. Existing SD in the form of topographic plans and orthomo-saics do not meet these requirements for urban areas. World experience shows that a 3D city model could solve this problem, but the costs of creating it today are large and comparable to the cost of a 1:500 scale topoplane. A new type of spatial data – a single 3D stereo model of the territory is a real alternative, since it meets the previously specified requirements, and the costs of creating it are signifi-cantly lower than other SD. Therefore, in this paper, the goal was to consider the use of a single 3D stereo model in the management of urban areas, as well as the use of the stereo photogrammetric method on specific examples. It is shown that the stereo model is an optimal product of spatial data, which is created quickly and cheaply and can be used multifunctionaly. The stereo model is used to solve such tasks as operational management of the city, without entering the territory, performing ca-dastral works, including complex cadastral works, performing an inventory of urban infrastructure ob-jects, determining the volume of major repairs of apartment buildings, creating vector models and inte-grating projected BIM models into existing infrastructure, etc. The 3D stereo model was presented at Russian and international exhibitions and forums, such as INNOPROM and "Traditions and Innova-tions", dedicated to the 10th anniversary of Rosreestr, in the period from 2017 to 2021, where it re-ceived recognition. In addition, the stereo model has already been introduced in the Republic of Bash-kortostan, the Kaliningrad and Sverdlovsk regions, the city of Izhevsk, Sarapul and others. The crea-tion and use of the stereo model is based exclusively on the Russian hardware and software complex, which allows it to be implemented for managing cities on the territory of the Russian Federation.

Analysis of Current State, Development Prospects and Optimization of Passenger Traffic in the City of Izhevsk

A technique is proposed that allows you to analyze and construct a scheme for optimizing public transport routes. The calculations are carried out using the example of the city of Izhevsk in the Udmurt Republic. Intellectual processing of statistical data of the road transport system and characteristics of the functioning of public transport is carried out by Big Data and Data Analysis. A model for optimizing the work of public transport has been developed. The implementation of the model made it possible to construct optimal routes for the movement of buses, trams, trolleybuses, as well as improve the layout of public transport stops.

TYPOLOGICAL AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ERGONYMS WITH ANTROPONYMIC ELEMENT (case study of the names of trade and service enterprises of Izhevsk)

The high density of ergonyms in the urban onomasticon, as well as their social orientation, has contributed to the constant scientific interest in these linguistic units. The article presents the results of studying ergonyms with an anthroponymic element of commercial enterprises and service companies located in the city of Izhevsk. The authors analyze the typological characteristics of ergonyms, their structural features. The problems of compatibility between business name and company sector is under consideration as well. When selecting material for research, the method of continuous sampling was used. The main method used to study is the method of scientific description, which involves direct observation, systematization, classification and interpretation. Based on the results of the description of the constituents of the four groups, a conclusion is made about the high typological variation of units and their structural diversity. Graphic ways to display a business name are characterized by the use of the Cyrillic and Latin alphabets including letters, punctuation marks and different symbols.

Depression in patients in a somatic hospital

The aim of this work was to assess the prevalence and risk factors for depression in patients in a somatic hospital in the city of Izhevsk. The study group (94 adult patients) was compiled by the method of continuous sampling. The Russian version of M. I. N. I. 5.0.0 interview, Depression Scale were used for the diagnosis of depression. The prevalence of current depressive disorders was 19,1 %. Depression was more often diagnosed in patients with chronic somatic diseases (47,0 %), women (45 %), widowed or divorced patients (63,6 %), patients with psychological problems in the family (100 %). In patients with acute somatic illness, the current depressive episode correlated with the influence of psychological factors. In 64,2 % of patients with chronic somatic diseases with an identified depressive episode at the time of examination depression had a previous history. None of the patients with identified depression sought medical help or received antidepressant therapy.

SOLANUM EMULANS RAF. AND SOLANUM SCABRUM MILL. (SOLANACEAE) IN THE UDMURT REPUBLIC

Information about the finds in the Udmurt Republic of two adventive Solanum species is reported. Of these, Solanum emulans is a new species for the flora of Russia. It is brought to the city of Izhevsk with North American grain. In 1993, three of its locations were discovered: at the Izhevsk railway station and in the wastelands in the courtyards of the Izhevsk bakery plant and the Izhevsk bread-receiving enterprise no. 2. Solanum scabrum is occasionally cultivated by amateur gardeners as an exotic plant. In a wild state, it has been known since 2000. To date, eleven of its locations are known in the cities of Izhevsk, Votkinsk, Mozhga, Sarapul, as well as in Zavyalovsky, Uvinsky, Yakshur-Bodinsky and Yarsky districts. Most of its finds are associated with dumps and municipal waste dumping sites. In the conditions of the Udmurt Republic, Solanum emulans and Solanum scabrum are ephemerophytes. The features that distinguish Solanum emulans and Solanum scabrum from morphologically similar species such as Solanum americanum, Solanum nigrum., Solanum retroflexum are given.

Тяжёлые металлы в почвах и мхах-эпифитах Ленинского района г. Ижевск

The article presents the results of studies on the assessment of heavy metal pollution of soils and epiphytes in of the city of Izhevsk. Objects of research: soils of near-trunk circles of black poplar (Populus nigra L.) and epiphytic moss of Schreber's pleurotium (Pleurozium schreberi (Willd. Ex Brid.) Mitt.). To assess the pollution, the magnetic susceptibility of soils and mosses was determined, as well as the average total content of heavy metals in the samples under study. The relationship between the content of heavy metals and the magnetic susceptibility of soils and epiphytes has been determined. A correlation was revealed between the total content of Zn, Cr, Fe, V in soils and in mosses, which indicates air pollution of soils. Keywords: MAGNETIC SENSITIVITY, HEAVY METALS, MOSSES-EPIPHYTES, AIR POLLUTION