INNOVATION PROCESS IN RUSSIA AND SOME PROBLEMS OF ITS DEVELOPMENT

Abstract

The main goal for any country remains to ensure economic growth (quantitative changes) and economic development (qualitative changes). The latter is explained by the fact that both the Russian and the world economy as a whole are facing the need for radical changes in all areas of the economy, caused by the transition to the new VI Kondratieff cycle. The upcoming transformations are based on the convergence of NBICS technologies, i.e. changes in basic development technologies. According to the Bloomberg innovation rating, Russia is ranked 24th out of 60 countries monitored by this agency in 2021. The Russian economy has been improving its position in this ranking over the past 5 years. But even patented innovations are not always implemented in practice, they do not become actual innovations. The slowdown in the introduction of innovations in the economy is explained by the lack of an effective institutional innovation infrastructure, Russian relational routines, opportunistic behavior of the participants in the process, the traditional orientation of potential users of technological innovations towards an extensive and less risky development paradigm, as well as resistance to innovations on the part of enterprise personnel. As a result of the sociological study undertaken by the authors, it was found that the majority of enterprises in the city of Izhevsk are prone to innovations of various types and varying degrees of novelty. The most typical reasons for turning to innovations are the desire to secure a higher competitive position. The main obstacles to the innovation process are the imperfection of the institutional environment, the lack of material and moral incentives for innovation, innovation risks, and the resistance of employees to innovation. In their innovative activities, enterprises need state support.