Hanoi Research Articles

Changes in retail cigarette price after tax increase: Findings from the 2018-2020 ITC Vietnam surveys.

No longitudinal study has investigated the impact of cigarette tax increases on retail prices in Vietnam. This study aims to describe changes in the purchase price of cigarettes following an excise tax increase from 70% to 75% in January 2019. Data were collected from people who currently smoke cigarettes in the longitudinal ITC Vietnam surveys: 1870 participants in Wave 1 (pre-increase), 1564 in Wave 2 (post-increase), and 1308 in Wave 3 (post-increase). Weighted mean self-reported prices of a cigarette pack (with standard error) were calculated for participants who were successfully followed up across three waves. These mean prices were calculated for domestic and international brands, categorized by specific cigarette brands. Percentage changes in mean prices were also measured, and significant differences in mean prices between follow-up waves (Waves 2 and 3) and the baseline (Wave 1) were assessed using paired t-tests. For brands with very small sample sizes, we used non-parametric tests, specifically the Wilcoxon signed-rank test instead of paired t-tests. The weighted mean price of a cigarette pack remained low and stable: VND 12330 (US$0.54) in 2018, VND 12700 (US$0.55) in 2019, and VND 12120 (US$0.53) in 2020 (1000 Vietnamese Dongs about US$0.04345, at 2018). International brands were substantially more expensive than domestic brands, but prices for both remained constant across all waves. Among domestic brands, Thang Long and Sai Gon showed slight price increases of around 3% and 5%, respectively (p<0.05). Among international brands, no statistically significant increase in mean prices was observed. The retail price of cigarettes remains low, indicating that the slight tax increase was insufficient to raise the current retail price significantly. Therefore, a substantial increase in cigarette prices by adding a specific tax is necessary.

Pattern of Uveitis in Northern Vietnam

ABSTRACT Purpose To characterize the spectrum of uveitis in patients visiting three tertiary hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam. Methods This study collected prospective and multicenter data from patients diagnosed with uveitis at three tertiary hospitals in Hanoi City, Vietnam, between January 2022 and January 2024. Data on age, sex, clinical and laboratory findings, and etiology were collected. Results Of 410 patients included, 54.6% were women. The mean age of patients was 39.9 years. Most cases were unilateral and chronic. Anterior uveitis was the most common case (40%), followed by panuveitis (30%), posterior uveitis (26.1%), and intermediate uveitis (3.9%). Undifferentiated uveitis, accounting for 32%, was the most prevalent form across all anatomical groups. The leading etiologies for anterior uveitis included Posner–Schlossman syndrome (18.5%), cytomegalovirus (CMV)-induced uveitis (11%), and Herpes simplex virus–induced uveitis (8.5%). For posterior uveitis, the primary causes were Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada (VKH) syndrome (17.8%), toxocariasis (10.3%), and toxoplasmosis (6.5%). The identified causes of panuveitis included VKH syndrome (24.4%), Behcet’s disease (15.4%), and CMV-induced panuveitis (5.7%). We observed six cases of uveitis associated with Haemophilus influenzae (1.5%) without any concomitant systemic symptoms. In our patient population, the most common complication was cataract (11.2%), followed by uveitic macular edema (11%). Conclusions Various uveitis patterns were observed among Vietnamese patients, with non-infectious uveitis being predominant.

FACTORS INFLUENCING INDIVIDUAL CONSUMERS’ INTENTIONS TO PURCHASE ELECTRIC VEHICLES IN URBAN HANOI

This study aims to identify the factors influencing the intention to purchase electric vehicles for personal use among residents in major urban areas in Vietnam, specifically in Hanoi. This research was conducted using a non-probability sampling method to recruit 360 participants currently residing, studying, or working in the city of Hanoi. Statistical analysis was employed to process the collected data. The results reveal four groups of factors that have an impact on the intention to purchase electric vehicles among urban residents in Hanoi: (1) attitude (economic benefits, environment, safety, convenience, and design), (2) perceived behavioral control, (3) attractiveness of alternative modes of transportation, and (4) subjective norms. Based on the findings, the authors propose several policy implications to promote the development and use of electric vehicles in urban Hanoi. These may include encouraging the use of electric vehicles from economic, environmental, and safety perspectives, creating financial support programs or tax incentives for electric vehicle buyers, and improving public electric charging infrastructure to make electric vehicle usage more convenient.

Self-reported worry and action among Vietnamese citizens during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021: latent class analysis

Describe the prevalence of and factors associated with self-reported worry and actions of Vietnamese citizens during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021. A secondary data analysis was implemented using a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2021 among 447 adults living in Hanoi City from July to December 2021 and Ho Chi Minh City from May to October 2021. The hidden layers assessment results retained the 3-class model as the best-fitting one in the study. In this model, 28.4% of participants were in Class 2 - "Low Self-reported Worry and Moderate Action" group, 45.9% of the participants were classified into Class 1-"Moderate Self-reported Worry and Low Action" group, and 25.7% in Class 3 - "High Self-reported Worry and High Action" group. The multinomial logistics model showed that worrying about losing the house because of COVID-19 makes the expected participation risk of staying in latent class 1 lower for subjects high in latent class 3 (p&amp;lt;0.05). Our study identified the latent classes of self-protection action and awareness among Vietnamese citizens. The associated factor that impacted the classes was the fear of losing a house.

Research on the Current State of Digital Transformation to Develop Smart Agriculture in Hanoi City

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Carbon mineralization potential and nutrient dynamics in soils under vegetation types and soil depths at Luot mountain

Soil mineralization is a crucial soil process that improves soil physical properties, enhances carbon sequestration, and provides essential minerals and available nutrients for plant growth. This study was conducted at five vegetation types and soil depths at Luot mountain area, located in VNUF campus, Hanoi city. Samples were incubated in the dark at 25°C and measured at intervals of 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 25, 35, and 40 days in the laboratory to determine C-CO2 respiration from soils. The study showed that CO2 emissions were highest in topsoils and decreased with deeper soil depths. Mineralized C-CO2 decreased from Shrubs &gt; Acacia + Native species (NS) &gt; Pinus + NS &gt; Native species &gt; Control. CO2 emissions peaked early in the incubation period and then stabilized in the 40-day incubation period. Larger aggregates (≥ 5mm) decreased significantly under most vegetation types, except for Shrubs, where the reduction was minimal. Aggregate size ≥3mm increased post-incubation, notably under Pinus + NS and Native species, with smaller aggregates also increasing slightly. Organic matter content was highest in the topsoil but decreased post-incubation due to microbial C mineralization. There was an increase in soil organic matter at 10-20 cm and 20-40 cm layers after incubation, especially under Shrubs. Available nitrogen slightly increased in soils post-incubation for most vegetation types. Phosphorus content increased post-incubation, peaking under Shrubs, while potassium levels were generally poor but increased during incubation. The study found that C-CO2 mineralization was strongly associated with soil porosity and pH, suggesting that higher porosity and optimal pH enhance mineralization, with organic matter content being crucial for available nutrient cycles in soils.

Using Google Earth Engine open-source code for land surface temperature estimation from Landsat data in Chuong My district, Hanoi city, Vietnam

Land surface temperature (LST) in association with urbanization has significantly influenced on local climates and terrestrial surface processes. By using multi-temporal Landsat data in the GEE platform, the study has found that there have been changes in land covers due to the main drivers of industrial development, urban and built-up expansion. This study estimated land surface temperature (LST) in Chuong My district from Landsat 5, 7, 8 and 9 thermal infrared sensors, using different surface emissivity sources. The Google Earth Engine (GEE), an advanced earth science data and analysis platform, offers the estimation of LST products, covering the time period from 2000 to 2024 in study site. RF algorithm for land cover classification and mapping is suggested to be applied in Chuong My district, with overall accuracy of land cover mapping in 2024 being 91.9% with Kappa coefficient of 0.89. The period 2000-2010 showed that 327.0 ha of land were converted to land for industrial development, urban and residential land, while the period 2010-2024 continued to witness a continued conversion of land to other land use purposes, with a decrease in agricultural land area (65.7 ha) and an increase in industrial land use (65.2 ha), but the rate of conversion was much lower than the previous period (2000-2024). The periods of 2000-2010 and 2010-2024 showed that there have been significant changes in land surface temperature. Most of the surface temperature in the entire region increased by over 20C, especially in the period 2003-2015 when a total area of 1424 ha had the temperature increased by above 30C. This is a consequence of the process of urbanization and industrialization, which began to take place in 2008, along with the process of changing the land cover status of the study area. Further studies are needed to better understand the thermal conductivity of surface materials and to plan how to reduce LST in such areas.

The Socialization of Children from Vietnamese - Korean Multicultural Families: A Case Study of Korean International Schools in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City

From the moment of birth, an individual exists as a biological entity. However, true integration into human society necessitates the acquisition of cultural norms, values, knowledge, and beliefs specific to their given community. This process involves adapting to social roles and cultural practices, ultimately enabling effective communication and fulfillment of societal responsibilities. Notably, language assumes a pivotal role in this intricate web of socialization and stands as arguably the most influential factor in the overall process. To delve into the current state of socialization among children from Vietnamese-Korean multicultural families residing in Vietnam and attending a Korean International School, this research employs socialization theory, descriptive statistical methods via questionnaires, and interdisciplinary research techniques.

&lt;i&gt;Microchirita bimaculata&lt;/i&gt; (GESNERIACEAE), A NEWLY RECORDED SPECIES FOR THE FLORA OF VIETNAM

Plant specimens coded as Dung 051120221 at Hanoi (HN) Herbarium of the Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, were identified as Microchirita bimaculata (D. Wood) A. Weber &amp; D. J. Middleton. This is a newly recorded species for the flora of Vietnam. The morphological comparison method is applied appropriately in the study. Microchirita in Vietnam includes 8 updated species: M. aratriformis (D. Wood) A. Weber &amp; D. J. Middleton, M. bimaculata (D. Wood) A. Weber &amp; D. J. Middleton, M. hamosa (R. Br.) Yin Z. Wang, M. involucrata (Craib) Yin Z. Wang, M. lavandulacea (Stapf) Yin Z. Wang, M. minor Z. B. Xin, T. V. Do &amp; F. Wen, M. purpurea D. J. Middleton &amp; Triboun, M. rupestris (Ridl.) A. Weber &amp; D. J. Middleton. M. bimaculata is distinguished from the remaining 7 species by the characteristics of ”bracts absent; corolla yellow with a red-brown patch inside”. The identification key for species of the genus Microchirita currently known in Vietnam was established. M. bimaculata in Vietnam has been described in detail with accepted scientific name, synonym, morphological description, loc. class., typus, ecology, flower and fruit season, distribution, research sampling, images.

NGHIÊN CỨU THỰC TRẠNG QUẢN LÍ HOẠT ĐỘNG DẠY HỌC MÔN CÔNG NGHỆ BẬC TIỂU HỌC Ở TRƯỜNG LIÊN CẤP VIỆT – ÚC

Management of teaching activities for Technology subjects at Primary schools according to the General Education program in 2018 has demonstrated various changes. The Technology subject at Primary aims for students to be able to evaluate the role of use, the comment on technology products, and the design of some technical handicraft products. However, the current situation of managing Technology teaching activities in elementary schools, especially private schools, requires a thorough assessment to design and propose effective management of Technology teaching activities. This research was conducted on a typical case study at a private primary school in Hanoi city and will present the current situation of managing teaching activities in Technology subjects.

MỐI QUAN HỆ GIỮA HÀNH VI GÂY HẤN VÀ KĨ NĂNG TỰ CHỦ CẢM XÚC Ở HỌC SINH TRUNG HỌC CƠ SỞ

The goal of this paper was to explore the relationship between aggressive behavior and emotional self-control skills in middle school students, along with examining the current status of reactive and proactive aggression and emotional self-control skills in students. A total of 1,235 students in grades 6, 7, and 8 in Hanoi, Nghe An, and Ho Chi Minh city participated in the study by answering a set of questions including the Proactive and Reactive Aggression Questionnaire (PRQ, Raine et al., 2006); Aggression Scale (AS - Aggression Scale, Orpinas and Frankowski, 2001); The Basic Empathy Scale (BES, Jolliffe et al., 2006) and emotional self-control skills scale. Research results from this quantitative research illustrated that middle school students demonstrate aggressive behavior at an average level, mainly occasionally performing this behavior but the proportion of secondary students regularly performing aggressive behavior was quite high. There was a negative correlation between aggressive behavior and emotional self-control skills in students; emotional self-control skills and empathy were predictors of aggressive behavior. The analysis, interpretation of results, as well as limitations of the current study, were also discussed in the discussion section of this paper.

Current state of tourism services for tourists: a study in Hanoi City, Vietnam

Assessing tourist satisfaction has become a hot topic for tourism research in recent years. Many studies have shown that improving tourist satisfaction not only has a positive impact on service providers and destination reputation, but also increases tourist loyalty, lowers price elasticity, lowers future transaction costs, and increases production efficiency (Chen et al., 2012; Nguyen Trong Nhan et al., 2014). Some other studies have also shown that improving tourist satisfaction will stimulate word-of-mouth advertising (Ekinci, 2004; Gonzalez et al., 2007; cited by Chen et al., 2012). Therefore, assessing tourist satisfaction is very important, it helps to find out the existing problems, limitations or strengths of service quality from the perspective of tourists, thereby finding solutions to contribute to improving the ability to provide better and better services. Hanoi as the capital, the economic - political - social center of Vietnam. Therefore, the tourism - hotel industry not only attracts tourists but also diplomatic, business and economic - political - social event participants. Hanoi has great potential for tourism - hotel with hundreds of famous landscapes, historical and cultural relics, traditional craft villages, festivals. In terms of natural tourism resources, Hanoi is famous for Huong Tich as "Nam Thien De Nhat Dong". A series of lakes such as West Lake, Hoan Kiem Lake, Dong Mo, Suoi Hai, Quan Son, not to mention the potential of mineral water resources. Hanoi also has many scenic spots around the foot of Ba Vi mountain, creating branded eco-tourism resorts such as Ao Vua, Vua Ba, Khoang Xanh, Suoi Tien, Thac Da, Thac Nga, Ba Vi National Park, etc. Keywords: Satisfaction, Tourists, Service Quality.

Contamination rate and antibiotic resistance profile of Enterococcus spp. isolated from pork and chicken in Gia Lam district, Hanoi City

Enterococcus spp. has been known to be an opportunistic pathogen and a reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes. Food, especially pork and chicken meat, are considered vectors for transmitting Enterococcus spp. from animals to humans. In this study, 60 meat samples (30 pork samples and 30 chicken samples) were randomly collected from local markets in Gia Lam district, Hanoi city to isolate Enterococcus spp. The results show that the contamination rate of Enterococcus spp. in meat samples was 41.67% (25/60), specifically, 46.67% (14/30) for pork and 36.67% (11/30) for chicken meat. Among 25 Enterococcus spp. isolates, E. faecalis and E. faecium account for 48% and 28%, respectively. Overall, Enterococcus spp. strains isolated from pork had a higher resistance rate than those isolated from chicken meat. The isolates exhibited the highest resistance rate to tetracycline (68.42%), followed by erythromycin (52.63%) and streptomycin (47.37%). On the contrary, all of the isolates were susceptible to teicoplanin, vancomycin, tigecycline, and linezolid.

Assessing the Level of People’s Satisfaction with the Quality of Information About Administrative Procedures on the National Public Service Portal in Yen Hoa Ward, Cau Giay District, Hanoi City

On March 12, 2019, Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc signed the "Decision approving the National Public Service Portal (NPSP) Project" with the goal of improving the quality and efficiency of public services. However, after five years of implementation, certain limitations in conducting administrative procedures on the NPSP have affected people's satisfaction. From that reality, the authors were motivated to conduct research on the topic to contribute measures to minimize the difficulties of people in the area. By combining a comprehensive literature review with structured surveys involving a sample of 162 residents from Yen Hoa Ward, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, the authors revealed that while citizen satisfaction with the quality of information on administrative procedures on the NPSP is generally high, there is inconsistency across different aspects when evaluated against internationally verified assessment criteria and scales. Through that current situation, the research team offered some insights and proposed measures to further improve the quality of information on administrative procedures on the national public service portal to increase people's satisfaction with the service.

Factors affecting public support for the development of urban consolidation center: The case of Hanoi city, Vietnam

Urban consolidation centres (UCCs) have become an integral part of the city logistics system. This study aims to identify factors influencing public support for the implementation of UCC in Hanoi City, Vietnam. In essence, the authors assess whether UCC are perceived as essential elements contributing to the sustainable development of the city logistics system of Hanoi. To accomplish such objectives, the study employed a data sample from an extensive empirical survey, including142 representatives from freight transport companies and logistics services providers, traffic management authorities, and research institutions in transportation and logistics fields. The key findings indicate that anticipated positive effects on transport organization significantly enhance public support for the development of UCC in Hanoi. However, the study suggests that concerns regarding the impact of UCCs on urban road safety do not appear to significantly influence public support. Interestingly, the study also reveals that barriers to UCC implementation have minimal influence on public support for UCC development. In summary, this study represents an initial step towards establishing a decision support system for city logistics measures, with a specific focus on the UCC initiative in Vietnam.

Low HIV Testing and PrEP Uptake of Adolescent and Young Men who have Sex with Men in Vietnam.

Little is known about HIV testing, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) awareness and uptake among adolescent and young men who have sex with men (AYMSM) in Vietnam. We conducted an online survey among AYMSM in Vietnam to determine the prevalence of HIV testing, PrEP awareness, uptake and their correlates. From December 2022-March 2023, 120 HIV-negative AYMSM from 15 to 19 years old in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam were recruited through peer referral to complete an online survey, which included questions on demographics, sexual behaviors, HIV risk perception and knowledge, HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STI) testing, PrEP awareness and uptake. Separate multivariable models were used to determine the correlates of HIV testing, PrEP awareness and uptake. Only 58% of participants had ever been tested for HIV. The majority of participants had heard of PrEP before (82%), but only 36% had ever used PrEP. HIV knowledge (aPR (adjusted prevalence ratio) = 1.59; 95%CI:1.06-2.39), a history of STI testing (aPR = 1.32; 95%CI:1.06-1.64), having had anal sex with another man (aPR = 4.49; 95%CI:1.40-14.38) and lower HIV risk perception (aPR = 0.62; 95%CI:0.47-0.83) were associated with HIV testing. HIV knowledge (aPR = 1.38; 95%CI:1.06-1.78) and a history of STI testing (aPR = 1.16; 95%CI:1.03-1.32) were also associated with PrEP awareness. Higher HIV risk perception was negatively associated with PrEP use (aPR = 0.59; 95%CI:0.35-0.99). Our findings underscored the urgent need for further research to explore the causes of the gaps in HIV testing and PrEP use as well as to design innovative interventions tailored to the needs of AYMSM to support HIV testing and PrEP use.

Why is Vietnam a motorcycle nation? A transport psychology study

This article investigates the reasons why people use motorcycles in two Vietnamese megacities, Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). The research targets university students. The various factors that lead students to use motorcycles, as well as the linkages between those factors, are assessed through a statistical technique known as Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). Conceptually, this study is guided by an extended version of the Theory of Planned Behaviour, a well-established socio-psychological framework. We find that widespread motorcycle use among students is linked to behavioural beliefs, normative beliefs, and control beliefs. Motorcycles are variously seen as convenient, inexpensive, fun, flexible, modern, and wonted – whereas factors such as health, safety, status, and environmental impact are irrelevant. But motorcycle use is also determined by habit and values (progressive or conservative). In fact, the effect of these two additional constructs is larger than the effect of beliefs. In addition, we find that higher income students, those who come from the provinces, and those who are more attached to cars are more prone to using motorcycles as well.

The impact of working capital management to profitability of chemicals companies listed on the Vietnamese stock market

Working capital plays an important role in ensuring business continuity. Effective management of working capital will directly affect the success of the business. In contrast, poor management will lead to a lack of financial ability, difficulty in payment, reduced sales leads to reduced profits. This paper examines the impact of working capital management on the profitability of chemical companies listed on the Vietnamese stock market. Data sources used in the analysis are from the financial statements of 32 chemical companies listed on Hanoi and Hochiminh City Stock Exchange form 2019 to 2023. Through the results of SPSS 20, the authors assessed the impact of working capital management to profitability and recommendations to improve working capital management of chemical companies listed on the stock market of Vietnam.

Factors affecting consumers’ green product purchase decisions in Vietnam

Though previous literature on green consumer behavior focuses on the Vietnamese market, the concept of consumer behavior is quite broad and not yet clearly understood. Therefore, this paper aims to focus more on the behavior of consumers in Vietnam in terms of green product buying decisions and their determinants. This study used the research model of Kumar and Ghodeswar (2015) as the methodological input in addition to the variables modeled by them. Data were collected from a total of 350 respondents from 4 locations, namely Hanoi, Da Nang, Binh Dinh, and Ho Chi Minh City. The data were used for EFA, CFA and SEM structural model analysis. The results show that consumers decide to buy green products for many reasons. Such reasons are: they want to support environmental protection, drive for environmental responsibility, support products with green attributes (Eco-label), support the price of green products, and become involved in the green product experience. In particular, social appeal has a significant influence on the decision-making process. The originality of this study is that it examined new factors that influence consumers’ purchase decisions towards green products including products with green attributes (Eco-label) and the price of green products.

Research on factors affecting the purchase intention on TikTok live stream of students in Hanoi: A SOR model approach

Vietnam has recently witnessed a strong development of social commerce. After the COVID-19 pandemic, e-commerce live streaming rose dramatically to become a phenomenal presence in the live streaming industry. More and more consumers, especially young people in the Vietnamese market are participating in e-commerce live streaming platforms for online shopping since purchasing goods via live stream is not only to satisfy personal needs but also to entertain customers. Significantly, live interaction has opened a new era for brands and businesses to reach customers during Industry 4.0. This study aimed to analyze factors affecting purchase intention on the TikTok live stream of students in Hanoi city based on theories and results obtained from previous studies. The primary data from a survey of 186 students was analyzed by using structural equation modeling (SEM). Findings revealed that five factors were identified to have a positive influence on purchase intention, including live streamer’s attractiveness, price perception, scarcity persuasion, flow experience, and perceived value. Thereby, the research team proposed several solutions and recommendations for stakeholders in the investment and development of social commerce to build a system of factors and methods to help convert viewers into buyers on TikTok live stream in particular and on the Internet and other live broadcasting platforms in general.