City Of Campinas Research Articles

COST ANALYSIS OF MOTORCYCLE ACCIDENT VICTIMS AT A UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL: PERSPECTIVES FROM 2017 AND 2020.

Motorcycle accidents constitute a public health problem that affects public and private health services due to the expenses of the victim's treatment and rehabilitation. Evaluate the impact of motorcycle accident costs in a university hospital in 2020. Comparative analysis of the costs of motorcycle accident patients in 2020 and 2017. Among 151 patients included in the study, the average cost was U$3,083.54, and the average days of hospitalization were 5.3 days. The patient with the highest cost to the hospital spent U$22,504.05, and the patient with the lowest cost spent U$356.72. The longest stay among these patients was 41 days, and the shortest was one day. The average cost per patient per day for the entire sample was U$581.80. The formulation and application of strategies that promote the reduction of motorcycle accidents in the city of Campinas are necessary. Level of evidence II, Retrospective study.

Trajetórias profissionais de jovens professoras e professores

Abstract This article was written based on research made in 2015 with young high school teachers in public and private schools from the city of Campinas (SP). Aiming to comprehend the training trajectory and work experiences of these subjects, we interviewed 12 teachers aged 20–29 years. We found that the option for the teaching position is viewed by this group as a possibility for contributing, as culture producers, to social changes, and as a viable professional choice given their social and economic condition. The conditions in which teachers work show different factors about the content and meaning of teaching, as well as about their decision to stay in teaching.

Analysis of femicide cases in Campinas, SP, Brazil, from 2018 to 2019 through the ecological model of violence.

Lethal violence against women is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon in which a wide number of factors intersect and converge to make a femicide happen at a specific time and place. The main factors that contributed to the occurrence of femicides in the city of Campinas were identified from January 2018 to December 2019. Interviews were conducted with family members, friends, neighbors, witnesses, and health agents about 24 femicides using the verbal autopsy technique. The autopsies were supplemented, when possible, with information from the media and clinical autopsy reports. For the data analysis process, narratives of the cases were carried out, recovering the most important aspects of the verbal autopsies and organizing the factors found in the four levels of the ecological model of violence used by the World Health Organization: individual, relational, community, and social. The analysis was structured in categories following a deductive approach. Starting from particular cases delimited in time (2018 and 2019) and in space (municipality of Campinas) it is expected to understand the phenomenon of femicide in its broadest dimension.

Processo de descaracterização da Atenção Primária à Saúde durante a Pandemia no SUS, Campinas-SP, Brasil

Abstract This article examines supply of Primary Health Care in the city of Campinas (São Paulo state) during the COVID-19 pandemic, taking changes in the work process as its guide. This descriptive, qualitative study included participant observation and in-depth interviews of workers and users at four PHC facilities, from June 2021 to January 2022. The analyses found significant differences between the first and second years of the pandemic. At first, care strategies were disorganised and care for COVID-19 cases, limited. In the second year, home visits and routine care were resumed. This, added to the worsening social and public health context and new demands, such as vaccination, caused overwork and strained relations between health personnel and users. Also, collective and co-management arrangements were found to weaken, both at the municipal management level and at staff meetings and for social participation. In the post-pandemic context, Primary Health Care is challenged to restore these arrangements and care for health workers exhausted by the pandemic.

Estratégias Artísticas na Videodança Fôlego: escravidão e necropolítica em Campinas (SP-Brasil)

ABSTRACT Artistic Strategies in the Screendance Fôlego: slavery and necropolitics in Campinas (SP-Brazil) – This article explores the screendance Fôlego (2018), whose theme addresses the violence practiced against black bodies in contemporary times. To that end, this work presents a brief overview about the historicity of slavery in Brazil, in particular, about the city of Campinas (SP), place of creation of the work, based on the concept of necropolitics (Mbembe, 2016). Therefore, the article discusses the virtual process of creation in screendance (Angeli, 2020), contributing to the debate about the different territorialities of the performance and the political and social provocations in dance.

Análise de casos de feminicídio em Campinas, SP, Brasil, entre 2018 e 2019 por meio do modelo ecológico da violência

Abstract Lethal violence against women is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon in which a wide number of factors intersect and converge to make a femicide happen at a specific time and place. The main factors that contributed to the occurrence of femicides in the city of Campinas were identified from January 2018 to December 2019. Interviews were conducted with family members, friends, neighbors, witnesses, and health agents about 24 femicides using the verbal autopsy technique. The autopsies were supplemented, when possible, with information from the media and clinical autopsy reports. For the data analysis process, narratives of the cases were carried out, recovering the most important aspects of the verbal autopsies and organizing the factors found in the four levels of the ecological model of violence used by the World Health Organization: individual, relational, community, and social. The analysis was structured in categories following a deductive approach. Starting from particular cases delimited in time (2018 and 2019) and in space (municipality of Campinas) it is expected to understand the phenomenon of femicide in its broadest dimension.

SARS-CoV-2 Nosocomial Outbreak in Campinas City, Brazil

SARS-CoV-2 Nosocomial Outbreak in Campinas City, Brazil

Transforming Sewage Residues in Fertilizers: the Agropolo Campinas-Brasil compost plant

Agropolo Campinas Brasil was created in the City of Campinas, Brazil as a cooperative platform between public institutions (Agronomic Institute of Campinas-IAC, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Institute of Food Technology-ITAL, City of Campinas, and TECHNOPARK) with the objective to promote technology innovation in tropical bioeconomy. The present article aims to present the Compost Project (Usina Verde) developed between the IAC, City of Campinas, SANASA Water and Sewage Treatment company of Campinas, and CEASA wholesale market. The objective of this project is to recycle mainly green urban residues with sewage mud to produce organic fertilizer.

Race (black-white) and sex inequalities in tooth loss: A population-based study.

The effect of health inequalities is determined by different socioeconomic, sex, and race conditions. This study aimed to analyze the association of tooth loss with race (defined by self-reported skin color) and sex. Based on the hypothesis that the association between tooth loss and race may be modified by sex, we also aimed to evaluate possible interactions between race and sex in association with this event, in a population-based study in the city of Campinas, Brazil. A directed acyclic graph was used to select covariates. The prevalence, of tooth loss was 19% higher in black women compared to white men (Prevalence ratio [PR]: 1.19; 95%CI: 1.05-1.34). Moreover, the prevalence of tooth loss in black women was 26% higher than in white women (PR: 1.26; 95%CI: 1.13-1.42); and, within the strata of black people, black women had 14% higher dental loss (PR: 1.14; 95%CI: 1.02-1.27) compared to black men. This study found a significant interaction between race and sex in tooth loss, with a disadvantage for black women. In addition, this work contributes to the discussion of health inequities and can support policies for the provision of universal dental care.

An Extended Weibull Regression for Censored Data: Application for COVID-19 in Campinas, Brazil

This work aims to study the factors that increase the risk of death of hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19 through the odd log-logistic regression model for censored data with two systematic components, as well as provide new mathematical properties of this distribution. To achieve this, a dataset of individuals residing in the city of Campinas (Brazil) was used and simulations were performed to investigate the accuracy of the maximum likelihood estimators in the proposed regression model. The provided properties, such as stochastic representation, identifiability, and moments, among others, can help future research since they provide important information about the distribution structure. The simulation results revealed the consistency of the estimates for different censoring percentages and show that the empirical distribution of the modified deviance residuals converge to the standard normal distribution. The proposed model proved to be efficient in identifying the determinant variables for the survival of the individuals in this study, which can help to find more opportune treatments and medical interventions. Therefore, the new model can be considered an interesting alternative for future works that evaluate censored lifetimes.

Income inequality and the geography of residential burglaries: A spatial model applied to Campinas, Brazil

Although income inequality has been often pointed out as an important cause of crime, it is yet unclear how spatial patterns of income in a city can explain its geography of crime. In this study, we apply a model to test the influence of income inequality on the spatial concentration of residential burglaries in the city of Campinas, Brazil. Following criminological theory, our model decomposes income inequality into two hypothetical effects: that of local income, which determines how attractive residences are to burglary, and exposure to poverty, where poverty boosts criminal motivation through economic hardship. Our study reveals that higher local income is indeed significant and positively associated to higher burglary risk, but that exposure to poverty does not increase risk. Therefore, higher income areas more surrounded by poor areas do not feature a particularly increased burglary risk if compared to other higher income areas, contrary to what could be expected from some criminological frameworks such as relative deprivation and strain theories. Instead, our findings suggest that the geography of residential burglaries can be explained by the distribution of burglary opportunities, that is, of where the most profitable targets are. To conclude, we compare our findings to other existing studies.

A convolutional recurrent neural network for strong convective rainfall nowcasting using weather radar data in Southeastern Brazil

Strong convective systems and the associated heavy rainfall events can trig-ger floods and landslides with severe detrimental consequences. These events have a high spatio-temporal variability, being difficult to predict by standard meteorological numerical models. This work proposes the M5Images method for performing the very short-term prediction (nowcasting) of heavy convective rainfall using weather radar data by means of a convolutional recurrent neural network. The recurrent part of it is a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network. Prediction tests were performed for the city and surroundings of Campinas, located in the Southeastern Brazil. The convolutional recurrent neural network was trained using time series of rainfall rate images derived from weather radar data for a selected set of heavy rainfall events. The attained pre-diction performance was better than that given by the persistence forecasting method for different prediction times.

Drainage system and urban planning in the city of Campinas/SP

The need to plan the territory is relevant in urban regions with a dense population. For the expansion of cities to be sustainable, it is important that the urban area is planned in an integrated manner. The procedures to carry out this planning depend on both the formulation and the management of sectorial and regional plans, whether they are municipal, state or federal. As it is a complex issue, the infrastructure of water supply networks, the collection of sanitary sewage, the drainage system, among others, should be reviewed. The aim of this article is to present the relevance of the drainage system in urban planning in expanding urban regions such as the city of Campinas/SP. To meet the objective of the study, the research method is characterized as descriptive and documental and Case Study. For this purpose, data from the National Sanitation Information System of the city of Campinas/SP on hydrological events with specific characteristics, were selected. The results show that since 2015 the municipality has had hydrological risk warning systems, as well as carrying out comprehensive mapping of areas at risk of inundations in urban watercourses. It is concluded that the city of Campinas has suffered from problems related to surface water flow, a consequence of the high degree of urban densification and the increase in impermeable areas.

Identification of Key Factors for Urban—Industrial Water Reuse: A Multi-Criteria Analysis Case Study

The industrial reuse of existing municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent can play a major role in improving water security in urbanized regions facing scarcity. As the complexity of engineered direct water reuse is related to various economic, technical, legal, social, environmental, and public health aspects, multi-criteria analysis (MCA) is a feasible decision-making tool in this context. The present work aimed to establish the relevant key factors for the application of MCA, wherever plant planning, design, and construction did not previously consider reuse practices. The adopted methodology considers the proposition and valuation of key criteria, based on the existing literature, expert consultations, statistical analysis, and the application of MCA to a real municipal WWTP located in Campinas city (São Paulo State, Brazil). The 13 proposed criteria encompass multiple categories, and their relevance is demonstrated, given the high significance frequencies assigned. The best values are related to effluent quality, health risks, and treatment reliability, in addition to environmental costs and benefits. The application of those criteria in Cooperative Game Theory (CGT) and Compromise Programming (CP) methods is proved to be suitable, considering the characteristics of the studied area (i.e., highly urbanized with a history of water scarcity). Among nine surveyed end-users, the first position in the hierarchy corresponds to the largest industries with the shortest distance from the WWTP.

Import and export process: the impact of bureaucratic simplification in customs clearance

The procedures for importing and exporting merchandise in Brazil involve many bureaucratic matters, including federal and international laws. When something overseas arrives, along with its property certificate documents, the owner or company should proceed to the customs clearance to free its entrance. The updating of import and export declarations resulted in redesigning many dispatch companies' internal operation processes. This study aims to analyze the impacts on customs clearance and the advantages and disadvantages caused by simplifying the Brazilian bureaucratic process of importing and exporting. The opportunity was identified to carry out an empirical evaluation of the Brazilian policy of bureaucratic simplification in the import and export processes and its impact on a company's activities. This work has qualitative and descriptive research and presents a case study that sought to analyze the scenario faced by Brasiliense Comissária de Despachos company, located in the city of Campinas in São Paulo, Brazil. The results show that international trade became shorter, more centralized, and transparent with simplifying the import and export process. There was a saving of time and money reported by the company under study by applying DU-E and the possibility of attending more processes in the same period. This article intends to impact society practically through the case study, giving other international trade companies a perspective on the mapping of operations that have been restructured to meet the new simplifications. As for the theory, the impact will be realized by exposing the functioning and existing information on Brazil's import and export system to future researchers.

Sexual Violence Suffered by Women in Early and Late Adolescence: Care Provided and Follow-Up.

To compare the sexual violence suffered by women in early and late adolescence, the reactions triggered after the aggression, and the care provided. A retrospective study in which we reviewed the medical records of 521 female adolescents treated by a multidisciplinary team at a reference hospital in the city of Campinas, state of São Paulo, Brazil. We analyzed sociodemographic variables, and those pertainin to the characteristics of the episodes of violence, the emergency care, and the physical and psychological reactions observed during the follow-up. For the analysis, the sample was divided into groups of early (10 to 14 years) and late (15 to 18 years) adolescence. We used the Chi-squared/Fisher Exact, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests to compare the groups; the level of significance adopted was 5%. The early group (n = 242) contained more adolescents who were enrolled in school (p < 0.001), suffered more daytime aggressions (p = 0.031), in their residences (p < 0.001), by an aggressor with whom they were acquainted (p < 0.001), had greater need of legal protection (p = 0.001), and took longer to seek care (p = 0.048). Feelings of guilt, shame, and the perception of violence were similar between the groups. In the late group (n = 279), there was greater consumption of alcohol during the aggression (p = 0,005); they received significantly more prophylaxis treatments; reported more physical symptoms (p = 0.033), sleep disorders (p = 0.003), symptoms of anxiety (p = 0.045), and feelings of anguish (p = 0.011); and had more prescriptions of psychotropics (p = 0.005). Only 52% completed the 6-month follow-up, with no differences between the groups. The age groups showed differences in the characteristics of the episodes of violence; early adolescents took longer to seek help, and the late group presented more intense symptoms and psychological worsening during the follow-up. Measures of prevention and specific care aimed at this population are needed.

Propósito de vida e desempenho de atividades avançadas de vida diária em idosos mais velhos

Abstract Objective To verify the association between purpose in life (PL) and the performance in advanced (AADL) and instrumental (IADL) activities of daily living. Methods Cross-sectional community-based study which analyzed data from the follow-up assessment of the FIBRA Study (Frailty in Elderly Brazilians) in the cities of Campinas and Ermelino Matarazzo (SP), Brazil, in 2016 and 2017. Participants were 187 community dwelling persons aged 80 years and older. The protocol included the application of a cognitive deficit screening test suggestive of dementia, an inventory assessing AADL, the Lawton and Brody scale (IADL), the Geriatric Depression Scale and the Ryff and Keyes’ (1995) Purpose in Life Scale. Results Participants had an average of 83.81 (±3.60) years, 4.38 (± 3.76) years of schooling, 3.49 minimum wages (±2.61) of income, 125 (66.8%) being women. Hierarchical linear regression analyzes showed that PV and depressive symptoms were significantly associated with a higher number of AADL (p=0.003) and no significant association with IADL scores (0.580), in a model adjusted for sociodemographic variables, self-rated health, cognitive performance and depression. Conclusions The results suggest that older adults with higher PL and lower number of depression symptoms are more likely to perform a higher number of AADL. This association was not observed for IADL, which were associated with age, sex, depression and cognitive performance. PL may have an impact on complex levels of functional status in the elderly, thus contributing to healthy aging.

Associação entre deficiência de zinco e declínio cognitivo em idosos da comunidade

Abstract This is a cross-sectional study evaluating the association between zinc deficiency and cognitive decline in 591 community-dwelling older adults living in the cities of Campinas, Limeira, and Piracicaba-SP. Cognitive status was evaluated using the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument-CASI-S, considering a decline for scores &lt;23 for those aged 60-69 and &lt;20 for those aged ≥70 years. Among the evaluated cognitive domains, older adults with zinc deficiency had significantly lower mean scores on the memory test (p=0.018). For zinc deficiency, values below 70 µg/dL were considered for women and 74 µg/dL for men. The prevalence of zinc deficiency was 3.9%, and cognitive deficit was 9.4%, being significantly higher in those with zinc deficiency compared with those with normal serum zinc concentrations. In adjusted multiple logistic regression analysis, the factors that remained associated with cognitive decline were zinc deficiency (OR=3.80; 95%CI=1.30-11.12), low schooling level (OR=3.12; 95%CI=1.49-6.50), lack of a partner (OR=1.88; 95%CI=1.04-3.42), risk of malnutrition (OR=3.98; 95%CI=2.36-6.71), and a history of encephalic vascular accident (OR=2.70; 95%CI=1.04-6.98). Zinc deficiency was associated with the presence of cognitive decline in older adults. Actions in primary health care are necessary to prevent the deficiency of this nutrient.

Risk of all-cause mortality and its association with health status in a cohort of community-dwelling older people: FIBRA study.

This article aims to estimate the risk of death according to sociodemographic characteristics, chronic diseases, frailty, functional capacity, and social participation in older people as well as determine the median time of death in relation to health status and social participation. A retrospective longitudinal study was conducted with older people (≥65 years) in 2008-09 and 2016-17 in the city of Campinas and the subdistrict of Ermelino Matarazzo in the city of São Paulo. Face-to-face interviews were conducted at community centers and the participants' homes. The cumulative incidence of death was estimated and associations with the predictor variables were analyzed using Poisson multiple regression. The Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test were also used. Among the 741 individuals located at follow-up, 192 had deceased. The incidence of death was higher among those who reported having heart disease and those who were dependent on others regarding the performance of instrumental activities of daily living. The incidence of death was lower among women, individuals in the highest income stratum, and those who performed three or more activities related to social inclusion. No differences in median survival times were found. Predictors of mortality can contribute to broadening knowledge on the singularities of the aging process.

Chemical Engineering Teaching in COVID-19 Times: Successfully Adapting a Capstone Design Course to a Remote Format.

The coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic required educational institutions to adapt face-to-face to remote teaching. This study reports the experience in the first semester of 2020 for a Chemical Engineering Capstone Design Course at the University of Campinas in Brazil. In this course, senior year students develop a group project, in which they simulate a chemical plant and evaluate its technoeconomic feasibility. In 2020, the groups were proposed to design a process to replace diesel fuel from the bus fleet in Campinas city with renewable fuel DME. Because of the pandemic, several adaptations were needed: the theoretical classes became asynchronous, group meetings were online, a commercial simulator was replaced by an open access one, and the schedule was extended by 2 weeks. Despite that, the students had a great performance, comparable to face-to-face. To assess student satisfaction, a questionnaire was used. The course met the expectations of most of the students who also recommended keeping it in the remote format or merging it with face-to-face teaching. Therefore, these changes made it possible to apply new teaching dynamics and tools that could be used in the future to improve the course quality.