Bogota Research Articles

Clinical and demographic characteristics of frontal fibrosing alopecia in a dermatology referral center in Bogota, Colombia: a descriptive cross-sectional study.

Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is a type of scarring alopecia that is characterized by a symmetrical recession of the frontal/temporal hairline. Despite growing interest in this pathology, there is scarce data on its epidemiology in Latin American countries such as Colombia. To estimate the frequency and describe the clinical manifestations and factors associated with FFA. This descriptive cross-sectional study reviewed the electronic health records of adult patients diagnosed with FFA at a referral center in the city of Bogota, Colombia, between 2018 and 2021. Of the 1506 patients diagnosed with scarring alopecia, 213 fully met the selection criteria (14.14%). Patients had a median age at diagnosis of 60 years (Q1-Q3: 49-67 years) and were more frequently female (95.31%). Concurrent eyebrow alopecia was the most frequent clinical presentation (56.34%). Perifollicular desquamation was present in 114 patients (53.52%), perifollicular erythema in 56 (26.29%), and both features simultaneously in 35 (16.43%). Sunscreen use was reported by 116 (54.46%) and facial moisturizers by 38 (17.84%), both of which have been reported as risk factors. The small sample size and the lack of racial and geographical diversity in the subjects. This study provides baseline epidemiological data in a Colombian sample. Sex, location of alopecia, and symptoms were consistent with those reported in the literature, but age at presentation, tobacco use, use of wigs, and dyes differed from those reported in other countries.

Portal vein arterialization in 25 liver transplant recipients: A Latin American single-center experience.

Portal vein arterialization (PVA) has been used in liver transplantation (LT) to maximize oxygen delivery when arterial circulation is compromised or has been used as an alternative reperfusion technique for complex portal vein thrombosis (PVT). The effect of PVA on portal perfusion and primary graft dysfunction (PGD) has not been assessed. To examine the outcomes of patients who required PVA in correlation with their LT procedure. All patients receiving PVA and LT at the Fundacion Santa Fe de Bogota between 2011 and 2022 were analyzed. To account for the time-sensitive effects of graft perfusion, patients were classified into two groups: prereperfusion (pre-PVA), if the arterioportal anastomosis was performed before graft revascularization, and postreperfusion (post-PVA), if PVA was performed afterward. The pre-PVA rationale contemplated poor portal hemodynamics, severe vascular steal, or PVT. Post-PVA was considered if graft hypoperfusion became evident. Conservative interventions were attempted before PVA. A total of 25 cases were identified: 15 before and 10 after graft reperfusion. Pre-PVA patients were more affected by diabetes, decompensated cirrhosis, impaired portal vein (PV) hemodynamics, and PVT. PGD was less common after pre-PVA (20.0% vs 60.0%) (P = 0.041). Those who developed PGD had a smaller increase in PV velocity (25.00 cm/s vs 73.42 cm/s) (P = 0.036) and flow (1.31 L/min vs 3.34 L/min) (P = 0.136) after arterialization. Nine patients required PVA closure (median time: 62 d). Pre-PVA and non-PGD cases had better survival rates than their counterparts (56.09 months vs 22.77 months and 54.15 months vs 31.91 months, respectively). This is the largest report presenting PVA in LT. Results suggest that pre-PVA provides better graft perfusion than post-PVA. Graft hyperperfusion could play a protective role against PGD.

Abstract PO4-07-12: Concordance of Breast ultrasound (US) and breast Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for local (tumor size and node involvement) staging in patients with breast cancer before neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment (NACT)

Abstract Introduction Breast cancer is the main cause of cancer-related deaths in Colombia, with many patients diagnosed with locally advanced (LABC) or metastatic disease. In the locally advanced setting, the use of NACT offers the opportunity of downstage BC and allows to adjust therapy based on the response, but, considering emerging therapies available in LACB as immunotherapy in triple negative BC (TNBC), dual HER2 blockade in HER2 positive BC or adjuvant iCDK 4/6 in luminal BC the importance of accurate pre NACT staging has become critical, we aim to explore the concordance of US and MRI as a method of BC staging in the NACT setting. Methods: EVA (Evidence – Verification – Analysis) is a prospective institutional multi-tumor registry that aims to gather demographic, clinical, and genomic variables from patients treated at Fundación CTIC, in Bogota Colombia, based on this registry, we recover the data from the patients that were treated with NACT and were staged with a US and an MRI before the initiation of treatment, dis concordance between the two methods was establish if a different Tumor size (change from T2 to T3 for example), a different node stage (chance from N2 to N2) or the discordant detection of multifocal disease, a descriptive analysis were performed. Results: 30 Patients were included in the analysis, The mean age was 51,7 years (28 – 79), 15/30 patients were ER of PgR positive BC, 11/30 HER2 positive BC (7/11 HER2 positive and 4/11 Luminal B HER2 positive) and 4/30 were TBNC. 28/30 patients were ductal carcinoma, with 1/30 lobular carcinoma and 1/30 medullary carcinoma. Mean ADC in luminal A-like BC was 0,9, 0,66 (0,4 – 0,9) in luminal-B HER2 negative BC, 0,77 (0,4 – 0,9) in HER2 positive BC, and 0,83 (0,7 – 0,9) in TNBC Concordance between US and MRI was only seen in 14/30 patients. The causes of discordance were Tumor size on 9/16 (change from T2 to T3 or evidence of pectoral muscle involvement), node staging on 11/16 (8/11 patients were node down staged based on MRI image), and evidence of multifocal disease not seen in the US on 2/16. Conclusion: Considering the high discordance rate between US and MRI, and the implications of accurate staging before NACT, we think that MRI should be considered as a routine evaluation before NACT. This is a small sample so a larger cohort would be needed for confirmation of this observation, based on the design of EVA, we expect to further evaluate the significance and uses in the NACT setting. Citation Format: Aura Pareja, Sergio Cervera, Maria Bravo, Sandra Franco, Jose Caicedo, William Mantilla. Concordance of Breast ultrasound (US) and breast Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for local (tumor size and node involvement) staging in patients with breast cancer before neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment (NACT) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO4-07-12.

Are Innovation and Creative Districts New Scenarios for Sustainable Urban Planning? Bogota, Medellin, and Barranquilla as Case Studies

Creative and innovation districts are focused on boosting local economies. However, they also pay attention to the global scale since this local identity of the Orange Economies gives them added value and competitiveness globally, as well as international projection and visibility of products, services, and new technologies associated with creativity and innovation. Thus, this study reviews three case studies of the cities of Barranquilla, Bogota, and Medellin in Colombia, seeking to characterize the creative and innovation districts. The methodology used is strictly qualitative, resorting to the characterization of the polygons and the analysis of public policies. This study describes the general aspects of creative and innovation districts in Colombia. Then, it identifies the forces for CD and ID development in three Colombian cities and the drivers for urban sustainable transformation. The main purpose of this study is to understand if innovation and creative districts are new scenarios for sustainable urban planning.

STRATEGIC MARKETING MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS IN THE COMMERCIAL FISHING SECTOR IN THE CITY OF BOGOTÁ- COLÔMBIA

Objective: The objective of the study was to develop the analysis of strategic marketing management in the commercial fishing sector in the Paloquemao plaza in Bogotá, in order to increase productivity, based on sustainability models.
 Theoretical Framework: In this topic, the sustainability model for SMEs describes how to improve the relationship of a company's human capital and how, based on these, the environmental components are integrated into the processes and therefore the economic component is adjusted by generating a better organizational climate. which permeates the marketing management of companies and improves their visibility as should happen in the commercial fishing sector of the city of Bogota.
 Method: An exploratory and comparative study was used, the analysis included a parallel between the theoretical analyzes with the fishing sector of Lima Peru, the sustainability model and marketing models and based on marketing study categories, interviews were conducted with managers of commercial companies. fisheries to then develop a correlation analysis of the categories between the years 2020 and 2023.
 Results and Discussion: It was found that informality versus the established company that some distributors only have a warehouse as a warehouse while others have a complete infrastructure; others have a good diversification of products for their clients and finally, marketing is short-term and with little strategic management.
 Research Implications: The research shows that there is little access to training on administrative issues, financial management and safety issues for the conservation of the product; little investment in technology and that the lack of marketing in the sector does not make known the benefits and qualities that the product has in its consumption.
 Originality/Value: This study contributes to a literature in which it shows in an exploratory way how marketing management is developed in an economic sector of the country and how it impacts its sustainability, as well as showing a possible market strategy to enhance it.

Abstract TP204: Performance of Rapidai NCCT Stroke Software in Colombia's Early Stroke System: Preliminary Results

Background: Automated stroke solutions in developing countries have the potential to reduce healthcare gaps. This study assesses the performance of the RAPID NCCT Stroke module compared to local neuroradiologists’ evaluation of acute stroke. Methods: Rapid NCCT stroke is a new multi-module AI tool that simultaneously evaluates non-contrast CT scans (NCCT) for ICH (any subtype, volume >0.4 ml), the ASPECT score, and suspicion of LVO (i.e., intracranial ICA or horizontal segment of the MCA). The software determines suspicion of LVO based on an algorithm that evaluates the hyperdense MCA sign and early ischemic changes in the MCA territory. Consensus readings were defined by three blinded neuroradiologists based on a subset of Non-contrast CTs obtained between January 2013 to December 2018 at Fundacion Santa Fe De Bogota University Hospital. The overall diagnostic performance of the RAPID NCCT was compared to the assessments made by the neuroradiologists. Results: 179 total stroke cases with technically adequate NCCT scans were identified. Based on the consensus of the neuroradiologists, these cases included 151 ischemic strokes, 27 ICHs >0.4 ml, 1 ICH <0.4 ml, and 28 LVO cases (verified by CT angiography). The Rapid NCCT Stroke module demonstrated high specificity (96%), NPV (98%), and accuracy (95%) for the detection of ICH. For determining the ASPECT score, the software had a specificity of 93% and an NPV of 76%. Seventy percent of the CTA-verified LVOs were detected from NCCT alone with a specificity and NPV of 82%. Conclusions: The RAPID NCCT Stroke software displayed promising results for the early identification of ICH and characterization of ischemic strokes. The software identified 70% of the LVOs from NCCT alone. This tool can potentially enhance patient outcomes by bridging healthcare gaps in evolving stroke systems. Multicenter studies in additional Latin American countries are needed for further validation.

A Two-echelon Vehicle Routing Problem with time-dependent travel times in the city logistics context

The fast rates at which urban population is growing coupled with increasing demands expressed within cities have given rise to challenging freight transportation problems. The Two-echelon Vehicle Routing Problem (2E-VRP) has been proposed as a scheme to tackle city-related problems. To better evaluate its pertinence in large congested city areas, this work addresses a version of the 2E-VRP in which synchronization is required among the two echelons. Besides, it considers time-dependent travel times at both echelons as well as time windows at customers. Other characteristics such as open routes at second echelon offer a degree of flexibility on the efficiency of the distribution specially when dealing with outsourcing schemes. The primary goal is to minimize the number of vehicles. Meanwhile, travel and waiting times, as well as penalties for late deliveries are minimized as a secondary objective. A two-phase metaheuristic approach is proposed to solve the problem on existing benchmarks; as well on a new set of instances based on real information from the city of Bogota, provided by an industrial partner. The experiments prove that including time-dependent travel times is of utmost importance for practical applications.

Measurement of energy poverty in the Colombian Caribbean region: a comparative analysis

This research work is directed to analyze the level of energy poverty and its consequences on the quality of life of the population of the Colombian Caribbean region, by doing a comparison of the results obtained in that area with data regarding the population of Bogotá, capital of Colombia, and of the rest of the country. The method of meeting absolute energy needs was used to determine the energy poverty index at households (EPH). Results obtained indicate that EPH exceeds 60% in urban areas, and 96% in rural zones, where it was also evidenced a clear link between energy poverty and school dropout.

The Many Names and Shapes of Water: Emergent Narratives on a Non-existing Water Body in Latin America

In a well-known narrative, a body of water intertwined with a suburban landscape in a town near Bogotá, Colombia's capital, is menaced by an expansive real estate industry. This paper offers a historical view on how the marshlands in and around Bogotá were dried. It examines how certain technologies captured, governed, and instrumentalised water. However, water manages to slip through these technologies, defying colonial relations but also falling into certain technoscientific classifications. Consequently, this work aims to go beyond colonial taxonomies of water and nature by focusing on the entanglements of both human and non-human actors through a multispecies ethnography. This allows us to delve deeper into the ways in which water, as a life force, provides the conditions for a rich and biodiverse assembling, letting us be part and witnesses of narratives that challenge the traditional views of Earth and the relationships between humans and the environment, also known as Gaia stories ( Haraway 2019 ). To conclude, we propose an exercise of political imagination through a situated story that helps us imagine a multispecies flourishing future that provides us clues for knitting a more just future for all of us.

Association between ventilatory ratio and mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and COVID 19: A multicenter, retrospective cohort study

BackgroundMortality rates in patients with COVID-19 undergoing mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit are high. The causes of this mortality have been rigorously investigated. The aim of the present study is to establish mortality risk factors related to lung mechanics measured at days 1 and 5 in patients with covid-19 ARDS managed with invasive mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit.MethodsA retrospective observational multicenter study including consecutive patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19-induced ARDS, admitted to three institutions and seven intensive care units in the city of Bogota between May 20, 2020 and May 30, 2022 who required mechanical ventilation for at least five days. Data were collected from the medical records of patients who met the inclusion criteria on day 1 and day 5 of mechanical ventilation. The primary outcome assessed was mortality at day 30.ResultsA total of 533 consecutive patients admitted with ARDS with COVID-19 were included. Ventilatory ratio, plateau pressure and driving pressure measured on day 5 were significantly higher in non-survivors (p < 0.05). Overall, 30-day follow-up mortality was 48.8%. The increases between day 1 and day 5 in the ventilatory ratio (OR 1.42, 95%CI 1.03–2.01, p = 0.04), driving pressure (OR 1.56, 95%CI 1.10–2.22, p = 0.01); and finally plateau pressure (OR 1.9, 95%CI 1.34–2.69, p = 0.001) were associated with an increased risk of death. There was no association between deterioration of PaO2/FIO2 index and mortality (OR 1.34, 95%CI 0.96–1.56, p = 0.053).ConclusionsVentilatory ratio, plateau pressure, driving pressure, and age were identified as independent risk factors for 30-day mortality in patients with ARDS due to COVID-19 on day 5 of invasive mechanical ventilation.

Hidden gems: The potential of places and social innovation for circular territories in Bogotá

Urban literature and policy research on social innovation, call for agency building and influence on institutional planning as the main expected outcomes. Empirical evidence for this hypothesis is being tested in some European cities, but the hypothesis does not yet seem sufficiently explored in the cities of the Global South.Focusing on Colombia's capital, Bogotá, this article reports on the potential of Bogotá's urban cultural places as spatial platforms for the manifold manifestations of social innovation and urban policies and planning.The analysis builds on mixed qualitative methods, through a series of case studies, whose description makes it possible to recognize in specific urban places a fertile ground for the generation of the premises for and the materialization of the effects of social innovation. The knowledge produced shows that these places can become intermediaries between bottom-up initiatives and institutional planning, but only if they are networked and structured in a reciprocal loop of exchange and dialogue with both parties.

Effects of urban, peri-urban and rural land covers on plant functional traits around Bogotá, Colombia

AbstractThe Global South has suffered an accelerated population and urban growth. This has created multiple impacts at the regional level such as erosion, soil degradation and biodiversity loss, as well as temperature increase in the cities causing urban heat islands. Bogotá, the capital of Colombia, is one of the largest cities in the Global South and in the last five decades has undergone a rapid urban transition, impacting surrounding ecosystems. However, little is known about how urbanization affects the local flora. To understand how plants are responding and adapting to urbanization processes in the city of Bogotá, we used a land cover gradient of urban, peri-urban and rural areas, and four plant functional traits (leaf area [LA], specific leaf area [SLA], leaf dry matter content [LDMC] and wood density [WD]). We analyzed 16 species shared in at least two land covers. Although urban and peri-urban areas had higher temperatures and higher LDMC and lower SLA values than rural areas, there were no significant differences in functional traits between land covers. Some species showed significant changes between land covers, indicating that there is a species-specific response to urbanization. Considering the need for urban areas to prioritize species that promote cooling and exhibit resistance to stress, as well as the capacity to adapt to climate change, it is essential to include plants possessing different combinations of functional traits.

B-013 Association Between Laboratory Parameters Analysis and Clinical Severity in Patients With Coronavirus Disease (Covid 19) at Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe

Abstract Background Clinical management of COVID-19 disease was challenging. Laboratory parameters could be useful to classify patients in risk scores and probability to progress to a severe stage at the emergency room. This study aims to determine the association between laboratory parameters of COVID-19 patients and clinical disease severity to provide applicable information to improved treatment strategies. Thus, we described the laboratory findings that can work as a predictive marker of severity, in a cohort of patients form our institution from Colombia diagnosticated with COVID-19 during a period of one year. Methods This retrospective cohort descriptive study was conducted at one quaternary hospital at Bogota Colombia, where laboratory parameters on peripheric blood samples in 298participants with COVID-19 diagnosis were evaluated. For comparison between two groups’ data, the chi-square and Mann-Whitney U test were used. For correlation between variable a Spearman and a Kruskal Wallis test were performed as data didn’t normal distribution. A P-value lower than 0.05 was considered statistically significant in all analyses. Results Primary outcomes shown significant correlation between more severe disease and interleukin IL-6 elevation, by the Kruskal Wallis test. Lower counts of lymphocytes percent, ferritin, fibrinogen, neutrophils, basophils and coagulation factors were found to be associated with severe disease (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Creatinine, D dimer, LDH, WBC count, creatinine and erythrosedimentation were significantly higher and were correlated with more severe disease on scores (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Higher levels on PCR parameters were associated with severe disease (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Conclusion Laboratory parameters such as IL-6 can be used as a severity marker in order to help physicians find both adequate treatment and hospitalization location of COVID-19 patients. This information can be used to manage future pandemics, and to evaluate complementary strategies that should be efficient on epidemic management and patient care having an impact on public health, mortality rates and hospitality capacity

Monitoring the Quality and Perception of Service in Colombian Public Service Companies with Twitter and Descriptive Temporal Analysis

The main goal of this research is to analyze the perception of service in public sector companies in the city of Bogota via Twitter and text mining to identify areas, problems, and topics aiming for quality service improvement. To achieve this objective, a structured method for data modeling is implemented based on the KDD methodology. Tweets from January to June 2022 related to the companies in the sector are processed, and a temporal analysis of the evolution of sentiment is performed based on the dictionaries Bing, AFINN, and NRC. Subsequently, the LDA algorithm (Latent Dirichlet Allocation algorithm) is used to visually identify the topics with the greatest negative impact reported by the users in each of the 6 months by adding the temporal dimension. The results revealed that, for Aqueduct (water supply service), the topic with the highest dissatisfaction is related to the “Water Tank Request” processes; for Enel (energy services) “Service Outages”; and for Vanti (gas services), “Case solution and request information”. Temporal patterns of tweets, sentiments, and topics are also highlighted for the three companies.

Housing low-income populations as a Cold War geostrategic tool. The case of the Instituto de Credito Territorial’s Ciudad Kennedy in Colombia

ABSTRACT This article demonstrates how two different, but related processes converge in the Ciudad Kennedy neighbourhood, built by the Instituto de Credito Territorial (ICT) on the outskirts of Bogotá, the capital of Colombia, at the beginning of the 1960s. The ICT, the Colombian state agency responsible for building low-income housing, sought various means of addressing a housing crisis that had been exacerbated since the 1950s by significant rural migration into the country's urban centres. In this context, the ICT collaborated closely with the Inter-American Housing and Planning Center (CINVA). In tandem, the U.S. government approved budgeting for the programme Alliance for Progress. This programme for foreign aid and regional cooperation cemented the U.S. effort to consolidate its influence in Latin America as part of its Cold War geostrategy. Housing being one of the Alliance's primary means of achieving its goals, Ciudad Kennedy represented the measure by which the success of American foreign policy in Latin America could be assessed. By considering housing produced by the ICT in Colombia as a geopolitical tool in the 1960s, Ciudad Kennedy illustrates how the U.S. enhanced its relationships with Latin America through U.S. technicians and foreign aid programmes, such as the Alliance for Progress.

EVALUATION OF STRATEGIES FOR THE REDUCTION OF WATER CONSUMPTION IN REAL ESTATE PROJECTS

Activities related to the construction sector consume a large amount of water; consequently, it is imperative to quantify the amount of water used in each project phase. Particularly the operation of a real estate project is characterized by being much longer than the other project phases, resulting in significant water consumption. This work aims to evaluate the impact of strategies in reducing water consumption during the operation stage of real estate projects. To achieve this goal, a baseline scenario of water consumption was developed for the operation stage of the real estate projects in the city of Bogota, Colombia, from 2022 until 2050. Strategies used to reduce water consumption during the operation stage of real estate projects were implemented to the baseline to evaluate their impact. The cost of implementing each measure and the monetary benefits obtained were analyzed to quantify the effectiveness of each measure. The results of this work allow determine whether certain strategies will have a better impact in reducing water consumption and generating monetary savings.

Prevalencia y factores de riesgo psicosociales de la depresión en un grupo de adultos mayores en Bogotá

Introducción: la depresión es una enfermedad de alta prevalencia en adultos mayores. En Colombia su prevalencia se ha descrito entre 1,2 a 12% en mayores que viven en comunidad.&#x0D; Objetivo: estimar la prevalencia de depresión en un muestra de adultos mayores de Bogotá y describir los factores de riesgo psicosocial asociados.&#x0D; Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio de corte transversal observacional-descriptivo, en 889 adultos mayores autónomos. La depresión fue evaluada con el test de depresión geriátrica Yesavage y los factores de riesgo con la sección de acontecimientos vitales del cuestionario Predict.&#x0D; Resultados: el 74% de la muestra estuvo constituida por mujeres, la media de edad fue de 72,51 (DS 9,4) años y la escolaridad promedio en años fue de 7,50 (DS 5,64). Así mismo, se estimó una prevalencia de depresión del 18,6%, siendo mayor en mujeres (20%) y (18%) en sujetos entre 70 y 79 años, los adultos con baja escolaridad sumaron un 43%, y el 22% lo constituyeron personas dependientes económicamente. Por otra parte, se encontró relación entre la depresión y cinco de los factores de riesgo psicosocial conocidos como acontecimientos vitales adversos: insomnio, vivir solo, padecer enfermedades crónicas, haber sufrido una crisis económica, y la muerte de un familiar o amigo cercano en el último año.&#x0D; Conclusión: la prevalencia de depresión en un grupo de personas mayores de la comunidad en Bogotá es más alta que lo descrito previamente en Colombia y por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Programas que reduzcan la soledad en la vejez y protejan a la mujer y a los mayores con menos escolaridad podrían mitigar esta condición.

Utilidad y rendimiento diagnóstico de la punción lumbar en el servicio de urgencias

Introducción: la punción lumbar es un procedimiento diagnóstico y terapéutico necesario para muchas enfermedades del sistema nervioso. Con base en la literatura actual, su utilidad en el servicio de urgencias de neurología no ha sido totalmente explorada.&#x0D; Objetivos: describir la frecuencia de la punción lumbar en el departamento de urgencias, su utilidad en el diagnóstico de enfermedades del sistema nervioso, y las características demográficas y clínicas más relevantes de los pacientes a quienes se les realizó el procedimiento.&#x0D; Materiales y métodos: realizamos un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal. Se registraron prospectivamente los datos de todos los pacientes atendidos en el servicio de urgencias de Neurología del Hospital Occidente de Kennedy en Bogotá-Colombia, a quienes se les indicó punción lumbar durante el periodo comprendido entre enero de 2012 a julio de 2013.&#x0D; Resultados: se valoraron 3,161 pacientes en urgencias de neurología, y se realizaron 630 punciones lumbares (19,9%). Las principales indicaciones para realizar el procedimiento fueron: cefalea con signos de alarma (40,6%) y sospecha de neuroinfección (27,5%). El 32,2% (IC 95%: 28,5-35,8) de las punciones lumbares tuvo un resultado anormal. La utilidad de la punción lumbar disminuyó en el grupo de pacientes mayores de 65 años (24,5% n=26). Cuando se practica la punción lumbar por sospecha clínica de neuroinfección, la utilidad del procedimiento puede llegar a ser hasta del 40,46% (IC 95%: 33,1- 48,1). El antecedente de VIH tiene una asociación significativa para tener una punción lumbar anormal (p &lt;0.0001). La cefalea (70,9% n= 144) y la fiebre (26,1% n= 53) fueron los síntomas más frecuentes del grupo de pacientes con punción lumbar anormal. La fiebre, los signos meníngeos sutiles y la rigidez nucal, fueron las variables clínicas que presentaron una significancia estadística (p &lt;0,05), y estuvieron asociadas al diagnóstico definitivo de neuroinfección. Dentro de este grupo de pacientes, la alteración de la conciencia (33% n=8) y la rigidez nucal (12,5% n=3) se presentaron con mayor frecuencia en meningitis neutrofílicas comparado con la meningitis linfocitarias. La hipertensión endocraneana idiopática fue el segundo diagnóstico definitivo más frecuente (23,6% n=48), y de estos pacientes, el 62,4% cumplía con criterios clínicos de cefalea crónica diaria.&#x0D; Conclusión: la punción lumbar es un procedimiento frecuente y útil en el servicio de urgencias de neurología, que se realiza principalmente en pacientes adultos jóvenes que presenten cefalea con signos de alarma y sospecha clínica de neuroinfección. La infección del sistema nervioso central sigue representando el diagnóstico definitivo más frecuente, y en este grupo de pacientes, el cuadro clínico y las comorbilidades asociadas pueden ayudar a realizar el enfoque etiológico. El alto porcentaje de pacientes con cefalea crónica diaria e hipertensión endocraneana como único hallazgo anormal en la punción lumbar, apoya la hipótesis de que la hipertensión endocraneana idiopática podría ser un factor determinante para la progresión en algunas cefaleas primarias.

Innovative Strategies for Remotely Sampling Hard-to-Reach Populations: Assessing Phone Versus Internet Respondent-Driven Sampling Approaches Among Venezuelan Refugees and Migrants in Colombia.

It is challenging to quantitatively measure the health vulnerability and risk factors of refugees and migrants residing outside of formal settlement settings. For hard-to-reach populations without available sampling frames, researchers have increasingly turned to novel sampling and statistical methods, like respondent-driven sampling (RDS). "Standard" RDS is typically conducted face-to-face at fixed sites. However, during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, face-to-face survey methods and recruitment approaches posed high potential risk of virus transmission and infection, making remote RDS approaches optimal. In this paper, we explore the feasibility of implementing telephone and Internet RDS strategies to assess challenges faced by Venezuelan refugees and migrants in the city of Bogotá, Colombia's capital, and the department of Norte de Santander, the main Venezuelan-Colombian border crossing site. We describe RDS assumptions, survey design, formative research, and the implementation of both strategies and present diagnostics for determining whether assumptions are met. Phone-based recruitment strategies in both locations and the Internet strategy in Bogotá achieved their calculated sample size; however, the Internet strategy in Norte de Santander did not. Most RDS assumptions were sufficiently met at sites where sample sizes were reached. These surveys provide valuable lessons for implementing innovative remote strategies with which to study hard-to-reach populations such as refugees and migrants.

Access and use of antibiotics in a group of migrants in a locality of bogota colombia in 2021

Access and use of antibiotics in a group of migrants in a locality of bogota colombia in 2021