City Of Abidjan Research Articles

Seroprevalence of Viral Hepatitis Markers B in Secondary School in Abidjan: Advocacy for a Catch-Up Vaccination

Aim: To determine the prevalence of HBs antigen in secondary schools, to appreciate the vaccination coverage of viral hepatitis B and to propose a vaccine catch-up strategy. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted over a two-month period from April 24 to June 24, 2006 among students aged 10 - 15, in two schools (one public and the other private) of the city of Abidjan selected at random. The assay of serum markers of viral hepatitis B of the samples collected after 5 ml peripheral venous sampling was carried out in the viral serology and bacteriology unit of the Pasteur institute of Ivory Coast using the ELISA technique (Enzyme-Linked-Immunosorbant-Assay). The ELISA technique is an enzyme immunoassay technique that can detect an antigen or an antibody by highlighting the antigen-antibody reaction. Results: Of the 282 students who participated in our study, 5.3% of students (n = 15) were infected with the hepatitis B virus. The majority of students (79.1%, n = 223) did not have no contact with the hepatitis B virus. Only 7.8% (n = 22) of the students were vaccinated against viral hepatitis B. Conclusion: The low immunization coverage and the high prevalence of seronegative students reflect the need for a vaccine catch-up policy for adolescents born before the introduction of vaccination against the viral hepatitis B virus in the Expanded Program on Immunization.

Insertion Des Jeunes À Risque À Travers Les Opportunités D’activités Économiques Offertes Dans Le Secteur Des Transports En Commun À Abidjan

The study aims to show that the public transport sector in Abidjan, constitutes a pool of jobs likely to allow the social integration of young people at risk of committing crimes and offenses. To achieve this goal, 207 people were interviewed empirically from a judgment sample through municipalities in the city of Abidjan. The data collected were analysed and processed qualitatively and quantitatively. The results of the survey reveal that the Abidjan public transport environment, essentially perceived as a niche for the development of urban insecurity, enables the social integration of many young people at risk by the opportunities for economic activities that are available to them without qualification.

Outdoor Air Pollution in the City of Abidjan (Côte D'Ivoire): From Pollutant Concentrations to Diseases in Hospitals

Outdoor Air Pollution in the City of Abidjan (Côte D'Ivoire): From Pollutant Concentrations to Diseases in Hospitals

The social construction of the legitimacy of Christian healing in Abidjan

ABSTRACTBased on ethnographic work conducted recently in the city of Abidjan where religious pluralism and medical pluralism intersect, this paper lays out the foundations of Christian healing legitimacy as perceived by some key stakeholders. Against the background of the legal recognition of biomedicine and traditional medicine which with religious healing constitute the three major healing systems in Abidjan, the paper explores the anchorages of the legitimacy of Christian healing which lacks such explicit legal backing. Data are collected through semi-structured interviews of about 240 religious practitioners, medical professionals and beneficiaries of Christian therapies in the city of Abidjan. The major theoretical framework of this paper is the Weberian theory of the triple sources of legitimation complemented with historical and political economy approaches which attempt to link the development and functioning of therapeutic systems in Côte d’Ivoire with broader political, economic and historical processes. The main argument is that Ivoirians construct the legitimacy of alternative therapies in general, and religious therapies in particular, by building on the perceived limits of biomedicine, and its inability to respond to all their therapeutic needs. From a medical pluralism perspective, the pluralisation of offers signals the plurality of needs which has determined in our Ivoirian ethnographic context the appropriation of biomedicine, the resilience of traditional medicine and the current rise of Christian healing.

Spatio-Temporal Analysis and Water Quality Indices (WQI): Case of the Ébrié Lagoon, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

For decades, the Ébrié Lagoon in Côte d’Ivoire has been the receptacle of wastewater effluent and household waste transported by runoff water. This work assesses the spatio-temporal variability of the Ébrié lagoon water quality at the city of Abidjan. The methodological approach used in this study is summarized in three stages: the choice and standardization of the parameters for assessing water quality for uses such as aquaculture, irrigation, livestock watering, and sports and recreation; the weighting of these parameters using the Hierarchical Analysis Process (AHP) of Saaty; and finally, the aggregation of the weighted parameters or factors. Physicochemical and microbiological analysis data on the waters of the Ébrié lagoon for June and December of 2014 and 2015 were provided by the Ivorian Center for Anti-Pollution (Centre Ivoirien Anti-Pollution, CIAPOL), and the concentrations of trace elements in sediments (As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn) were used. The aggregation of standardized and weighted parameters allowed the calculation of the Water Quality Indices (WQI) by usage for each bays of the lagoon. The results show that in both 2014 and 2015, the waters of the Ébrié lagoon were generally of poor quality for the different uses examined in this study (aquaculture, irrigation, livestock watering, and sport and recreation) with an accentuation in 2015. However, some bays of the lagoon have waters of dubious to satisfactory quality. This study contributes an improved evaluation of the Ébrié lagoon waters.

English

In order to assess the contribution of edible insects to the efforts for combatting food insecurity and poverty in Cote d’Ivoire, a survey aimed at identifying edible insects in Cote d’Ivoire was conducted from August 2014 to August 2015 in three communes in the city of Abidjan (Abobo, Adjame and Yopougon). Four hundred and seventy-two people were interviewed at random. The results revealed that 59.72% of the respondents consume insects against 40.27% who do not consume them. This study has helped to identify nine edible insect species belonging to eight families and five orders. The species Imbrasia oyemensis (Lepidoptera, Satunidae) and Macrotermes subhylinus (Isoptera, Macrotermitidae) are widely consumed due to their availability in markets. The species Rhyncophorus phoenicis (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) or palm tree caterpillar is one of the most prized by 40% of the surveyed population. The statistical analyses applied to the 365 people surveyed revealed that insect consumption is a function of the cultural area (X²=76.7; ddl= 4, p < 0.05) and the age ((X²=54.88, ddl=3; p < 0.05) of the consumers. In economic terms, insect trade remains a significant source of income in households having an average income estimated at 58,666.66±11216 FCFA per seller and per month. However, their availability in markets is seasonal. A mastery of the biology of these insects could ensure their permanent availability in markets. Key words: Edible insects, Abidjan, motivations, age, region, consumers.

Dynamics of Land Use in the City of Abidjan from 1986 to 2017: Contribution of Remote Sensing and GIS

Dynamics of Land Use in the City of Abidjan from 1986 to 2017: Contribution of Remote Sensing and GIS

Accumulation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from transplanted lichens Parmotrema dilatatum in the city of Abidjan (Ivory Cost)

Accumulation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from transplanted lichens Parmotrema dilatatum in the city of Abidjan (Ivory Cost)

Study of a Bioclimatic Building in Wet Tropical Zone: Application of the Study of the Thermal Behavior of a Building in Cote D&amp;apos;ivoire

With population growth, the demand for housing continues to grow. Also, the energy crisis has shown the need for an energy efficiency policy in the building sector. Estimating the thermal behavior of a building is important in the energy efficiency approach. We present in this article the results concerning the climatic comfort in a building of the city of Abidjan. In this work, we study the thermal behavior of a building of architectural typology validated by the presidential construction program of 60,000 social housing units; our choice is also justified by the habit of Ivorians to live. This architectural model is implemented, with regard to the envelope, with a local material, available, offering the natural comfort: the clay brick. Today, earth material is gaining interest among architects and scientists because of its excellent thermal properties and abundant availability. Our experiments show, on the one hand, that in Cote d'Ivoire, to perform a simulation based on single-zone modelling or multizone modeling, from a low clay brick house, provides similar results; on the other hand, clay brick, when subjected to solar radiation, enhances overheating of the air in the building.

Assessment and Impact of Leachate Generated by the Landfill City in Abidjan on the Quality of Ground Water and Surface Water (M’Badon Bay, C&amp;#244;te d’Ivoire)

The municipal Akouedo landfill of the city of Abidjan (Cote d’Ivoire) is composed of more than 60% of household waste. It lacks a leachate collecting and treatment device. To highlight the impact of the leachate on the receiving environments, some sampling campaigns of leachate, groundwater and surface waters were conducted from June 2013 to January 2014. Analyses of leachate samples revealed relatively high concentrations of trace metals: Fe (6450 ± 8690 μg/L), Cu (400 ± 272 μg/L), Zn (520 ± 240 μg/L), Cd (113 ± 105 μg/L), Pb (550 ± 237 μg/L), Ni (312 ± 97 μg/L) and Co (77 ± 56 μg/L). Fe is the most abundant chemical element. The analysis of groundwater and surface indicates that the levels of trace metals in these waters are higher than WHO standards except Zn.

Assessment of Trace Elements in Bissap (Hibiscus sabdariffa) Sold in the City of Abidjan in Côte d’Ivoire

Pollutants such as lead, cadmium and mercury are harmful to living things at low concentrations. In Cote d’Ivoire, the drink of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn generally called “Bissap juice is widely consumed by the population. However, recent studies have revealed a significant presence of heavy metals in the cultivated soils as well as in the plants taken from these soils in the city of Abidjan. Our study aimed to assess the health risks associated with the consumption of Bissap marketed in three (3) communes of Abidjan. Thus, evaluation of trace metallic elements (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn) in Hibiscus sabdariffa L. calyces given as average value: Cd (23,142 ± 13,332 mg/kg), Pb (77,949 ± 15,620 mg/kg) Zn (78.96 ± 15.584 mg/kg) and Cu (42.894 ± 28.394 mg/kg). Bissap juice showed average concentrations Zn (0.139 ± 0.076 mg/L), Pb (0.544 ± 0.143 mg/L) and Cd (0.221 ± 0.064 mg/L). These data compared to Codex Alimentarus and European Commission standards revealed a significant risk of lead and cadmium poisoning in calyxes and Bissap juice and a lower value for metal copper compared to zinc. Our study requires further investigation in order to evaluate all the factors involved in the chain of contamination and to assess possibly the toxicological and pathophysiological risks incurred by the population due to abuse.

Etude Socio-Économique De L’exploitation Des Plantes Fourragères Dans Le District d’Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire)

Forage trading in the city of Abidjan is an activity not known by the population. The objective of the study was to determine the importance of the collection of forage plants in the socio-economic life of the actors of the sector. Prospects and semi-structured interviews were conducted, and we determined the floristic composition of forages sold in the market. The results of the survey show that the forage sold by the farmers is taken free of charge in the city of Abidjan. The unit price (UP) of a bundle of forage is on an average of 50 FCFA when there are few animals on the market, and 100 FCFA or 200 FCFA in case of high affluence such as during holidays. Thus, the estimated average financial income per day of an operator during periods of low affluence of animals in the markets is 875 F CFA. On an average, it is 26250 FCFA per month and 3350 FCFA per day. Also, there is an estimated average of 100 400 FCFA in periods of abundance of animals for sale in the market. The results of investigations showed that forages species sold are composed of species such as Chloris pilosa Schumach. (Poaceae), Panicum maximum Jacq (Poaceae), Brachiaria lata (Schumach.) Hub (Poaceae), Arachis hypogea L. (Fabaceae), and Phaseolus vulgaris L (Fabaceae). In addition to being food reserves, these activities provide work for those who exploit them. It allows them to meet their daily needs and also compensate for the lack of jobs.

Evaluation Microbiologique Et Origines De La Contamination Des Produits De 4ème Gamme Vendus Sur Les Marchés D’abidjan, Cote D'ivoire

The sources and degree of microbial contamination of 4 th range products or ready-to-eat products made from traditional processes were evaluated in three markets in the city of Abidjan. This study initially consisted of searching for microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus, faecal coliforms, E. coli and Salmonella spp. Then, Ishikawa's method or diagram was used to determine potential sources of food contamination consisting of three (3) fruit and two (2) fruit vegetables and one (1) leafy vegetable, respectively, pineapple (Ananas comosus) papaya (Carica papaya), watermelon (Citrulus lanatus), onion (Allium cepa), tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) and amaranthus (Amaranthus hybridus). Fecal coliform loads were very high at the fruit level (1.8 × 103 - 9.1 × 102 CFU / g), onion (1.3 × 104 CFU / g), tomato puree (1, 82 × 103 CFU / g) and an E. coli load at the tomato puree which is 9.1 × 102 CFU / g. The analysis using the Ishikawa diagram shows that contamination sources were the poor quality of water, raw material, lack of sanitation, illiteracy, unsafe traditional practices and sellers hygiene.

Évaluation De La Vulnerabilite A La Pollution D'une Eau De Surface Destinee A L'adduction D'eau Potable D'une Metropole. Cas De La Lagune Aghein A Abidjan, (Sud De La Cote D'ivoire)

The lagoon that is the subject of this study, was chosen as drinking water alternative source of supply for the city of Abidjan. However, this language is shown in a very favorable area of forest to agriculture. We observe large rubber plantations, food and oil palm crops spread throughout the lagoon basin. Also, fertilizers injected into these plantations, as well as releases from industries and homes they are potential sources of pollution of the lagoon. According Humbert (2012), this pollution is reflected in particular by widespread concentration of nitrates and pesticides. Given these observed problems related to the quality of this resource, this study was initiated. Its objective is to develop a methodology based on the functionality of a Geographic Information System (GIS) to assess the degree of threat to what the Aghein lagoon faces through the completion of a vulnerability map at pollution. The method used here is a spatial analysis model incorporating several parameters including the slope, land cover, soil type, runoff and drainage density. These parameters have been previously defined, prioritized and weighted, and then integrated into a GIS. The resulting map shows five classes of vulnerability indices to pollution of the lagoon Aghein. They are: very small classes, low, medium, high and very high. These indices highlight the areas from which the lagoon is threatened.

Morbidité et mortalité du tétanos des nouveau-nés et des enfants dans les Centres hospitaliers universitaires d’Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire (2001-2010)

The lack of data on neonatal tetanus and children in university hospitals (UH) in Abidjan for over a decade has motivated the realization of this study. The objective of this study is to evaluate the morbidity and mortality related to neonatal tetanus (NT) and child tetanus (CT) in Abidjan University Hospital from 2001 to 2010. It is a retrospective study, multicenter analysis with records of newborns and children suffering from tetanus in the three UH of Abidjan. The collection and analysis of data were made by the SPHINX 4.5 and EPI.INFO 6.0 software. In ten years, 242 cases of tetanus (53 NT cases and 189 CT cases) were collected with a predominance of cases after the fifth year of life (59.5%). The incidence rate of NT was less than 1 case per 1,000 live births. All mothers of the newborns were inhabiting the city of Abidjan. Their median age was 19 years [16-32] and 64% were teenagers. Gateways were dominated by umbilical wounds (77.3%) in the NTand skin wounds (59%) in CT. The cure rate was 30.2% in the NT and 60% in the CT. Lethality was 60% for NT and 22% for CT with a positive correlation with young age (neonates: p = 4.10-7, age <5 years: p = 0.01), lack of intraspinal injection of tetanus serum (p = 8.10-6), the absence of conventional antibiotic therapy (p = 0.023), the existence of metabolic complications (p = 2.10-5), the score of ≥ 4 Dakar (p = 0.005). Tetanus remains a real morbidly cause among children in Abidjan University Hospital with high lethality. However, the incidence of NT seems consistent with the incidence threshold desired by WHO.

Abidjan regains it glamour

Lit by an elaborate display of orange lights, one of the three colours of Côte d’Ivoire’s flag, the city of Abidjan ushered in 2016 with a spectacular fireworks display. For 25 minutes revellers in the commercial capital that calls itself the “perle des lumières” (pearl of lights) were treated to dazzling displays of colour in the sky above the Ebrié Lagoon.

Les Facteurs De Developpement Des Actıvıtes Commercıales Sur Les Marches D’abıdjan

The metropolis of Abidjan, economic capital of the Ivory Coast is a big west African metropolis. She is composed of ten townships that shelter each several markets. These markets play a primordial role in the development of the commercial activities. Indeed, every township shelters commercial infrastructures localized in the different districts. These markets are of variable size because one finds some of big and of small size. They knew an evolution since the years 1976 until our days. These markets are constructed either by the public powers, either by the promoters deprived according to the Build Operate and Transfer system. The system is a contract of constructional concession of public work a deprived entrepreneur's that exploits it during a certain time until the amortization of the working assets. These markets specialized in various domains of activities; offer the abidjanaise population, those of the inside of the country and even of the under-region panoply of articles that makes of this city biggest shopping mall of the country. The periods of exercise of these markets vary. The majority of the markets of Abidjan exercises in the day. On the other hand, some lead their activities in the evening, until late the night and are called of the night markets. The flourishing economic activities of the markets of Abidjan are bound to several factors of which the human factors and the economic factors more especially the economic activities that provide to the different worked the products necessary to the satisfaction of the needs of the consumers. These products provided by the economic activities are at the origin of the development of the commercial activities on the markets in the city of Abidjan.

AllAboard: Visual Exploration of Cellphone Mobility Data to Optimise Public Transport

The deep penetration of mobile phones offers cities the ability to opportunistically monitor citizens' mobility and use data-driven insights to better plan and manage services. With large scale data on mobility patterns, operators can move away from the costly, mostly survey based, transportation planning processes, to a more data-centric view, that places the instrumented user at the center of development. In this framework, using mobile phone data to perform transit analysis and optimization represents a new frontier with significant societal impact, especially in developing countries. In this paper we present AllAboard, an intelligent tool that analyses cellphone data to help city authorities in visually exploring urban mobility and optimizing public transport. This is performed within a self contained tool, as opposed to the current solutions which rely on a combination of several distinct tools for analysis, reporting, optimisation and planning. An interactive user interface allows transit operators to visually explore the travel demand in both space and time, correlate it with the transit network, and evaluate the quality of service that a transit network provides to the citizens at very fine grain. Operators can visually test scenarios for transit network improvements, and compare the expected impact on the travellers' experience. The system has been tested using real telecommunication data for the city of Abidjan, Ivory Coast, and evaluated from a data mining, optimisation and user prospective.

Environmental Pollution Bioindication Based on &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Ficus benjamina&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; L. Leaf Reflectance in the City of Abidjan, C&amp;#244;te d’Ivoire

The air in African cities is increasingly polluted mainly due to human activities. A bioindication technical of urban air quality based on active remote sensing might be an alternative to existing physico-chemical methods. Reflectance measurements in the visible spectrum have been carried out at the adaxial and abaxial sides of Ficus benjamina L. leaves in the city of Abidjan, C&#244te d’Ivoire, with a precision digital camera. Leaves were collected in industrial zones and in parks. The impact of air pollution on leaf physiological as well as structural characteristics in these two contrasts urban environments was determined by Dorsiventral Leaf Reflectance Correlation (DRLC) and dorsiventral leaf reflectance asymmetry quantitatively defined with Normalized Dorsiventral Asymmetry Index (NDAI). Species leaf susceptibility to air pollution from season to season was determined by NDAI seasonal variation. Leaf reflectance measurements allowed the estimation of environmental stress level among industrial areas and parks. NDAI and DLRC were significantly higher in industrial zones compared to parks. NDAI values were found significantly higher for major rainy season compared to major dry season, indicating probably that F. benjamina leaf structure changes were increased from one season to another. Thereby, assessment of urban air quality can be done using leaves reflectance in the visible spectrum.

Investigation of a Large Collection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacteriophages Collected from a Single Environmental Source in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.

Twenty two distinct bacteriophages were isolated from sewage water from five locations in the city of Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire over a two-year period, using a collection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains with diverse genotypes. The phages were characterized by their virulence spectrum on a panel of selected P. aeruginosa strains from cystic fibrosis patients and by whole genome sequencing. Twelve virions representing the observed diversity were visualised by electron microscopy. The combined observations showed that 17 phages, distributed into seven genera, were virulent, and that five phages were related to temperate phages belonging to three genera. Some showed similarity with known phages only at the protein level. The vast majority of the genetic variations among virulent phages from the same genus resulted from seemingly non-random horizontal transfer events, inside a population of P. aeruginosa phages with limited diversity. This suggests the existence of a single environmental reservoir or ecotype in which continuous selection is taking place. In contrast, mostly point mutations were observed among phages potentially capable of lysogenisation. This is the first study of P. aeruginosa phage diversity in an African city and it shows that a large variety of phage species can be recovered in a limited geographical site at least when different bacterial strains are used. The relative temporal and spatial stability of the Abidjan phage population might reflect equilibrium in the microbial community from which they are released.