City Local Government Research Articles

Assessment of Encarta Software in the Teaching and Learning of Vocabulary in Senior Secondary Schools in Port Harcourt City Local Government Area of Rivers State

The study accessed the use of Encarta software in the teaching and learning of vocabulary in senior secondary schools in Port Harcourt Local Government Area of Rivers State. The study adopted the quasi-experimental research design, which consisted of two groups, the experimental group and the control group. The population of the study comprised of 100 students from two schools which were divided into 50 for the experimental group and 50 for the control group. Students in the two schools were administered the EVAT as a pretest before the commencement of the treatment. The students in the experimental group were taught vocabulary using Microsoft Encarta software while instruction was given to the control group using the normal traditional method of teaching. At the end of the lesson, the post test was administered to both groups and data was collected after it was marked. The mean and standard deviations were used to analyze the research questions while Analysis of Variance (ANCOVA) was used to analyze the hypotheses. All the hypotheses were tested at 0.05 alpha level of significance. Recommendations were made that trainings/workshops should be organized for English language teachers in secondary schools on the use of Microsoft Encarta software.

Assessment of Encarta Software in the Teaching and Learning of Vocabulary in Senior Secondary Schools in Port Harcourt City Local Government Area of Rivers State

The study accessed the use of Encarta software in the teaching and learning of vocabulary in senior secondary schools in Port Harcourt Local Government Area of Rivers State. The study adopted the quasi-experimental research design, which consisted of two groups, the experimental group and the control group. The population of the study comprised of 100 students from two schools which were divided into 50 for the experimental group and 50 for the control group. Students in the two schools were administered the EVAT as a pretest before the commencement of the treatment. The students in the experimental group were taught vocabulary using Microsoft Encarta software while instruction was given to the control group using the normal traditional method of teaching. At the end of the lesson, the post test was administered to both groups and data was collected after it was marked. The mean and standard deviations were used to analyze the research questions while Analysis of Variance (ANCOVA) was used to analyze the hypotheses. All the hypotheses were tested at 0.05 alpha level of significance. Recommendations were made that trainings/ workshops should be organized for English language teachers in secondary schools on the use of Microsoft Encarta software.

Environmental Assessment Using Integrated Risk Based Approach (IRBA) at Jabon Landfill, Sidoarjo

Jabon landfill is located above the land belonging to the local government of Sidoarjo city with 8 hectares. The study’s objective is to evaluate the current state of Jabon landfill management using the Integrated Risk Based Approach (IRBA). Risk Index (RI) assessment results using IRBA obtained a 548,08 value with a category of moderate hazard evaluation so that the Jabon site can be gradually forwarded and rehabilitated into a sanitary landfill. Waste composition measured dominated by three types of waste biodegradable waste, non-biodegradable, and hazardous waste 69%, 29%, and 2%, respectively. The strategy needed for revitalizing the Jabon landfill is developing a system to minimize the impact of pollution on water, soil, and air so that it will be more environmentally friendly. Sanitary landfill should be considered to apply in Jabon landfill.

Government Policy Implementation Regarding Covid-19 in Makassar

This article discusses the policies of the targeted city local government related to Covid-19 regulations as well as policies issued by the government down to the regional level. The aim is simply to provide an overview of the situation in the areas affected by the disaster after the existence of local legal policies issued by the government in the research location. The research method used in this article is normative legal research. The results of this study describe the implementation of policies in efforts to deal with Covid-19 in Government regulations at the regional level, especially Makassar City which aims to prevent transmission of Covid-19. The implementation of local government regulations has made people aware of the importance of wearing masks, one of which is contained in the contents of the health protocol rules. The existence of policies issued by regulations is not yet an antidote to the Covid-19 virus, but this policy only prevents the spawning of Covid-19. The Covid-19 Task Force is tasked with assisting control and law enforcement against health protocol violations. The team was formed to carry out direct handling in the field in controlling and enforcing health protocol laws, especially in the Makassar City area. In order to reduce the transmission of the spread of the Covid-19 virus, the government should have policies that support each other so that it is more stringent in security and supervision during the implementation of the PSBB and it is hoped that it will patrol places more often that invite people to crowded places.

Understanding correlations between social risks and sociodemographic factors in smart city development

Smart city development programs substantially impact the everyday life of individuals and local communities, which can convert to social risks and threaten societies, as well as smart city program objectives. Integrating digital technologies into urban areas affects individuals differently based on their sociodemographic factors such as age, academic degree, income, and gender. There are various studies on smart cities social risks, however, the relationship between sociodemographic factors and social risks in smart city development programs has not been thoroughly understood to date. This paper aims to prioritise social risks for smart city development and to investigate the correlations between these risks and sociodemographic factors by conducting a questionnaire survey. The results revealed that social exclusion is the highest social risk, and older adults and females are the most sensitive sociodemographic groups regarding smart city risks. The finding also indicated that income and academic degree have no meaningful correlation with social risks. This study highlights the significance of social risks and their correlations with sociodemographic factors for developing smart cities. It enables city authorities and local governments to create an effective risk management plan for their smart city development programs.

Organizational Culture's Influence on Employee Performance Through Job Satisfaction

This study examineS the influence of organizational culture on performance through job satisfaction. The population in this study was the overall employees who worked in the Ternate City Local Government. The total research sample was 103 respondents who worked at the Department of Industry and Trade (Disperindag) of Ternate City. Validity and reliability tests are used as part of instrument testing. This study used hierarchical regression analysis using statistical package for social scientists (SPSS) as a statistical test tool for hypothesis testing. The results showed that job satisfaction mediates the relationship between organizational culture and performance at the Ternate City Industry and Trade Office (Disperindag). Keywords: Organizational Culture, Performance, Job Satisfaction

Integration of SETS (Social–Ecological–Technological Systems) Framework and Flood Resilience Cycle for Smart Flood Risk Management

The concept of “water smart city” is increasingly being recognized as a new approach to managing urban environments (including urban floods), especially in the context of developing countries, such as Indonesia. While Indonesia’s national capital relocation plan is expected to attract significant human migration to two nearby cities, Samarinda City and the port city of Balikpapan, these cities have continuously faced with severe risk of flooding. Therefore, this research proposes a flood management approach by reviewing the local city government’s flood risk management strategies and the smart city plan to enhance flood resilience. The integration of the SETS (Social–Ecological–Technological systems) framework and the Flood Resilience Cycle is undertaken to determine the state of flood management, which is followed by a review of smart city plans and programs in two selected cities (Samarinda and Balikpapan). The research mainly identifies how it can be implemented in the two selected cities based on SETS–FRC distribution. In accordance with the SETS–FRC (Flood Resilience Cycle) framework, it is revealed that both these cities have a higher emphasis on the flood prevention phase, as compared to other resilience phases. Based on the overall results, this study emphasizes the implementation of a water smart city concept for effective and smart flood risk management.

“Achatando a curva”: medidas eficazes da cidade de Niterói (RJ, Brasil) para o controle da COVID-19

Abstract Background In Brazil, some local city government’s adopted several measures, which probably had a positive impact on COVID-19 control. Objective To report the distribution of COVID-19 cases in Brazil, Rio de Janeiro state and Niterói city. In parallel, we aimed to demonstrate the preventive strategies adopted by Niterói city. Method Data provided by the Brazilian Ministry of Health and Municipal Health Foundation of Niterói were used to report COVID-19 cases and deaths. For some analysis, data were grouped by week and normalized for 100,000 inhabitants. Results By July 18th, 2020, Brazil reported 2,074,860 cases and 78,772 deaths and Rio de Janeiro state registered 135,230 cases and 11,919 deaths; both still presenting ascendant curves for COVID-19 deaths. In contrast, the rate of new deaths per 100,000 inhabitants is consistently lower in Niterói city. Importantly, we estimated that 712 deaths were prevented by the measures adopted by Niterói city, in comparison to which was observed in Rio de Janeiro. Conclusion The early preventive measures adopted in Niterói city were effective in reducing both the viral spread and rate of deaths. In this regard, this discussion could be relevant for making future decisions during the COVID-19 outbreak in Brazil.

Characterization and Isolation of Bacteria from Adult African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in Selected Fish Farms of Rivers State, Nigeria

This research examined the bacterial loads in the intestine, skin and gills of cultured Clarias gariepinus in some selected private farms at Eleme, Emohua, Ikwerre, Obio/Akpor and Port Harcourt Local Government Areas of Rivers State, Nigeria. Determination of bacterial loads species characterization in fish parts was done using standard microbiological procedures. Results of the assay showed high bacterial count in the gill, gut and skin of fish from the different locations, especially at Emuoha Local Government Area. The total heterotrophic bacteria counts of fish: gills ranged between 1.7X108 and 3.1 X 107; gut ranged between 1.4 X 107 and 7.2 X 106 and skin ranged between 1.5 X 106 and 6.8 X 106 in all the stations under consideration (Eleme, Emohua, Ikwerre, Obio/Akpor and Port Harcourt city Local Government Areas of Rivers State, Nigeria.). Bacterial genera isolated includs: Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp. Enterica sp., Staphylococcus sp., Bacillus sp., Shigella sp., Enterobacter sp., Klebsiella sp. and Citrobacter sp.

Logit, Probit and Tobit Models in Modeling Consumers’ Willingness to Pay for Electricity Bill in Port Harcourt City Local Government Area of Rivers State

An outstanding problem for the service providers of Electricity in Port Harcourt City Local Government area of Rivers State and most cities of Nigeria is the unwillingness to pay the prescribed bills by the consumers. The unwillingness to pay can be traced to unrealistic electricity bill from the service provider to consumers as well as the influence of demographic and socioeconomic factors on the side of consumers. This study identifies how the demographic and socioeconomic factors influences consumers’ willingness to pay electricity bill. Logit, probit and tobit models were used in modelling out consumers’ willingness to pay electricity bill with the aid of stata software version 16, having the demographic and socioeconomic factors as the independent variables. The study also provided quantitative evidence of the correlation between the demographic, socioeconomic factors and consumers’ willingness to pay electricity bill. Research questionnaires with a sample size of 1338 was adopted as the source of data for the study. The results show that there is positive correlation between consumers’ willingness to pay for electricity bill, demographic and socio-economic factors in Port Harcourt City Local Government Area of Rivers State. The correlation coefficient of Consumers’ willingness to pay with respect to the demographic and socioeconomic factors are 0.1828 and 0.1001 respectively while the correlation coefficient of the demographic factor with respect to the socioeconomics factor is 0.1755. The results of the Probit, logit and Tobit models were compared on the basis of Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information criterion (BIC) and it was found that the probit model with AIC and BIC values of 952.404 and -30.771 respectively was the best fitted model in modelling Consumers’ willingness to pay for electricity bill in Port Harcourt City Local Government Area of Rivers State. The coefficients of the probit model associated with the demographic and socioeconomic factors that influences consumers’ willingness to pay for electricity bill in Port Harcourt City Local Government Area are 0.5676279 and 0.3529775 respectively. These figures represent 56.7% and 35.3% increase in the Consumers’ willingness to pay for a unit increase in the demographic and socioeconomic factors. The probit model and the associated confidents from this study offers a useful guide to the electricity service providers to arrive at an acceptable electricity bill to electricity consumers in Port Harcourt City Local Government Area of Rivers state.

A data-driven approach to objective evaluation of urban low carbon development performance

An effective evaluation of a city's low carbon development plays an essential role in promoting low carbon development strategies for achieving the city's sustainable development. This paper proposes a data-driven approach to objectively evaluating the low carbon development level of cities. The approach formulates the low carbon development evaluation problem as a multi-criteria decision analysis problem and incorporates the merits of bibliometric analysis, text mining and optimal weighting to evaluating the urban low carbon development performance. The bibliometric analysis is applied to systematically identify evaluation criteria and associated indicators and establish an evaluation system for measuring low carbon development levels of urban cities. Equipped with an objective weighting method based on text mining, the approach determines the local weights of the evaluation criteria and indicators for each city by extracting subjective preferential information from the policy documents available on the local government's websites. Two optimal weighting models are developed to determine the optimal global weights of the indicators and criteria by maximizing the low carbon development performance of all cities. The obtained criteria weighting thus can reflect both the preferences of local city governments and the best common interest of all cities involved in the evaluation. The approach is then illustrated with a case study on three cities involved in urban agglomeration planning in China. The results compare the low carbon development performance of the cities, identify the disparities between the cities and reveal each city's obstacle factors that hinder its development. Policy recommendations are then suggested for developing effective low carbon development policies.

The impact of restorative green environment on mental health of big cities and the role of mental health professionals.

To provide an update on insights into the effectiveness of the green environment and forest on the mental health of city dwellers; and the role of mental health professionals in advocating green restorative therapies. The studies reviewed in this paper confirmed the mental health benefits on individuals who engaged in the green environment and forest. Results of studies showed that the participants reported significantly higher positive effects. However, it is difficult to compare studies because of marked differences in methodology and often lack of biological markers. With the recent global concern about climate warming, mental health professionals have a critical role to influence city planners on the importance of the green environment and the forest. In Singapore, the 'Therapeutic Garden' project and 'Therapeutic Rainforest' program are examples of mental health professionals working with government agencies for a 'city in nature'. The benefits of the green environment and forest are emphasized especially on the psychological well being. In the light of the danger of climate warming, this review highlights the need for city planners to collaborate with mental health professionals to incorporate high-quality green spaces when planning the city of the future. There is an urgent need for better consultation between health agencies and local city government to create an appealing and diverse green environment within the city.

Local Government Capital Expenditure, Internal Supervision, Wealth and Human Development: Evidence from Indonesia

This study examines the influence of local government capital expenditures, internal supervision, and wealth on human development in Indonesian local governments. Using secondary data from the authorized government institutions from 2017 to 2019, a set of unbalanced panel data with total 1,437 observations was generated. Using panel data regression analysis, this study discovers that local governments in Java, Bali and Sumatra have a better human development achievement, followed by Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Eastern Indonesia. City local governments also have a higher average of human development index achievement than regency local governments. Further, we find that local government capital expenditures and internal supervision positively affect human development, while local government wealth has insignificant effect on human development. Our findings imply that local governments are suggested to increase the amount of capital expenditures for infrastructure development, especially for local governments that are relatively underdeveloped in Indonesia.

Adult Education Programmes For Awareness Creation And The Prevention Of HIV/Aids Among Youths In Portharcourt City Local Government Area Of Rivers State

Adult Education Programmes For Awareness Creation And The Prevention Of HIV/Aids Among Youths In Portharcourt City Local Government Area Of Rivers State

THE NEW HORIZONS ABOUT CSR PARTNERSHIPS: A CASE STUDY OF CSR PARTNERSHIPS IN CILEGON, BANTEN

CSR partnership is a new horizon that involves stakeholders such as the local government of Cilegon city, companies, and non-governmental organizations. This study explores CSR partnerships to promote community welfare in Cilegon city. This research is qualitative by modifying action research to reflect CSR partnerships such as commitment and mission, initiative and awareness, vertical and horizontal relationships, proper behavior and fairness principles, and transparency. This research benefits by building a shared attitude (collaboration) and CSR partnership orientation to form actions

Implementation of a Rural Community Diagnostic Testing Strategy for SARS-CoV-2 in Upstate South Carolina.

By developing a partnership amongst a public university lab, local city government officials and community healthcare providers, we established a drive-through COVID-19 testing site aiming to improve access to SARS-CoV-2 testing in rural Upstate South Carolina. We collected information on symptoms and known exposures of individuals seeking testing to determine the number of pre- or asymptomatic individuals. We completed 71,102 SARS-CoV-2 tests in the community between December 2020-December 2021 and reported 91.49% of results within 24 h. We successfully identified 5,244 positive tests; 73.36% of these tests originated from individuals who did not report symptoms. Finally, we identified high transmission levels during two major surges and compared test positivity rates of the local and regional communities. Importantly, the local community had significantly lower test positivity rates than the regional community throughout 2021 (p < 0.001). While both communities reached peak case load and test positivity near the same time, the local community returned to moderate transmission as indicated by positivity 4 weeks before the regional community. Our university lab facilitated easy testing with fast turnaround times, which encouraged voluntary testing and helped identify a large number of non-symptomatic cases. Finding the balance of simplicity, accessibility, and community trust was vital to the success of our widespread community testing program for SARS-CoV-2.

The Distribution and Composition of Colonoscopy Providers in Australia

Introduction: Colorectal cancer is a common cause of cancer in Australia. Also, patients living in regional and rural areas are diagnosed later and have poorer outcomes compared to their metropolitan counterparts. The purpose of this study is to determine the distribution of the workforce providing colonoscopies for the Australian population.Methods: A cross-sectional observational study of the medical practitioners certified by the conjoint committee for the recognition of training in gastrointestinal endoscopy (CCRTGE) was performed. Data regarding their specialty and principal place of practice was collected. The principal place of practice was stratified with the Modified Monash Model (MMM) of rurality and the local government association’s classifications of rural and urban areas.Results: As of March 2021, there were 2698 medical practitioners listed as being recognised in the field of adult colonoscopies by the CCRTGE. Of these, 2123 were found to still have active specialist registration with the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). In the capital city Local Government Areas (LGAs), there was an endoscopist every 0.33 km2 to 62.05 km2. In the rural LGAs, there was an endoscopist every 23,382 km2 to 267,780 km2. In metropolitan areas, the most common specialty of the endoscopist was gastroenterology whereas in regional cities and remote towns it was general surgery. In very remote towns, general practitioners provided colonoscopy services.

Financial Management Mechanisms of Tabuk City Local Government Unit Employees amidst COVID 19

Financial stress is one of the challenges that everyone would like to win because prevailing over it results in a more peaceful life. Filipinos are renowned for their resilience in the face of adversity, as we can still smile despite all of life's challenges. Everyone has been touched spiritually, emotionally, physically, and financially due to this massive pandemic, and the war against it appears endless. Since day one, financial stability has been the number one concern, which is why the government has attempted to increase the people's demands. This quantitative and qualitative study examined the financial management system that these employees implemented to combat fatal infections. More than three hundred twenty-four randomly selected respondents completed the structured questionnaire, were interviewed, and provided photographic documentation for data collection. The majority of employees' budgets and savings were moderately affected, according to the research. It was also determined that there were no statistically significant differences between the effects of the pandemic and employment status, wage range, source of money, and purchasing techniques. In addition, the staff engaged in gardening, farming, earning a living, and accepting part-time activities such as pedicure manicures, artificial insemination of large animals, and tutorials, with a strong emphasis on online selling. However, additional interviews revealed that most needed to be financially prepared for the lockdown, as mentioned above. They resulted in additional borrowings because most were financially unstable and spent more than they had saved. Therefore, it is suggested that an extended program on proper financial management be considered to address the preparedness of this personnel for future crises. In addition, a lesson has been learned through the lengthy absence, which is to spend more time with family and friends because we never know what the next day will bring.

Validating the trauma care system developed by Yokohama City local government

BackgroundSince becoming the city with the first government‐designated major trauma center in 2014, Yokohama has been striving to centralize care for extensive trauma patients. Hence, in this study, the Yokohama City Major Trauma Care Advisory Committee tested the efficacy of the centralization of care for trauma patients.MethodsThis investigation included all cases of deaths due to road traffic accidents that occurred in the 2‐year period following the establishment of the major trauma center. The probability of survival was calculated using data provided by the police and fire departments. Cases that died despite having a probability of survival of 50% or more were included in the survey undertaken by physicians recommended by the Japanese Association for the Surgery of Trauma, who visited the hospitals.ResultsOf those surveyed, preventable trauma death accounted for 1 case (1.7%) and potentially preventable trauma death accounted for 7 (11.9%), compared with 5 (9.8%) and 11 (21%) cases, respectively, in the period 2009–2010.ConclusionsComparing the survey conducted before establishment of the major trauma center, those results support the benefits of centralizing care for severe trauma cases. We aim to continue improving trauma care provided through the center along with the Yokohama Medical Control Council and to overcome challenges that were identified through the peer review.

Factors Affecting the Quality of SKPD Financial Reports in Cimahi City Local Government

The objective of this research is to determine the influence of Human Resource Competence and Government Internal Control System on the Quality of SKPD Financial Reports in the Cimahi City Local Government. The research was conducted on all SKPD, with 83 respondents who are the team of SKPD financial report compilers. To determine the effect of Human Resource Competence and Government Internal Control System on the Quality of SKPD Financial Reports, multiple linear regression models and t-test to examine the hypothetical tests processed with SPSS Statistics 25 were used. The results showed that the competence of human resources and the government's internal control system had a significant effect on the quality of SKPD's financial reports.