City Layout Research Articles

Multi-Objective Optimization of Urban Gas Station Site Selection Under Territorial Spatial Planning Constraints

The traditional process for selecting urban gas station sites often emphasizes economic benefits and return on investment, frequently overlooking mandatory and guiding constraints established by territorial spatial planning regulations. This neglect can compromise the effective layout and future growth of cities, potentially affecting their long-term development. To address this issue, this study develops a systematic framework for urban gas station site selection that integrates both mandatory and guiding constraints. By conducting detailed analyses of feasible construction areas and fuel demand, the framework quantifies relevant indicators and establishes a comprehensive index system for site selection. A multi-objective optimization model employing genetic algorithms was utilized to maximize fuel demand coverage, minimize inter-station redundancy, and achieve optimal site coverage. This framework was applied to the central urban area of Lishui City, China, as a case study. The site selection schemes achieved a coverage rate exceeding 90%, an inter-station redundancy rate around 30%, and a demand coverage rate surpassing 90%, optimizing the key objectives. Compared to traditional methods that often ignore territorial spatial planning constraints, this framework effectively avoids conflicts with urban planning and regulatory requirements. It enhances infrastructure coordination, supports environmental sustainability, and exhibits strong adaptability to diverse urban contexts, thus offering valuable support for practical decision-making.

La infraestructura urbana en relación con el derecho al cuidado y al tiempo

The incorporation of a gender perspective in urban design has gained importance since the 1960s and 1970s, focusing on how city layouts can ease caregiving responsibilities and promote gender equality. Feminist urbanism advocates for redesigning cities to prioritize life and social reproduction, emphasizing the need for infrastructure that recognizes the essential role of caregiving and supports the well-being of both caregivers and recipients. This approach highlights the importance of urban policies aimed at reducing the time and effort required for caregiving task.

Does administrative division adjustment reduce air pollution? Evidence from city-county mergers in China

Administrative division adjustment plays a crucial role in transforming the spatial layout of cities and effectively contributes to green transformation and high-quality regional economic development. We empirically investigate the impact of administrative division adjustment, exemplified by city-county mergers (CCM), on air pollution using the difference-in-differences method. Our results demonstrate that CCM significantly reduces air pollution, which passes a series of robustness tests including heterogeneous treatment effect tests. Mechanism analysis reveals that CCM reduces air pollution by optimizing industrial structure, promoting market allocation, and constraining government size; geo-climatic conditions significantly moderate the haze reduction effect of CCM. Further analyses indicate that the haze reduction effect of CCM is more pronounced in the eastern and western regions, the southeast regions of the Hu Line, and non-resource-based regions. Moreover, CCM not only alleviates air pollution in border areas and mitigates the pollution boundary effect but also yields the social welfare effect. This paper provides valuable insights for maximizing the haze reduction potential of administrative division adjustment, understanding the role of Chinese-style decentralization in regional air pollution management, especially in border areas, and supporting the achievement of carbon emission reduction and sustainable development goals.

A Real-Time Air Quality and Public Health Monitoring and Management Model

Inhalation of air contaminants leads to various detrimental health consequences. These harmful effects happen whenever people are directly exposed to air pollution. Health Risks (HR) lowers the intensity, duration, and regularity of exposure to air pollution. The system provides customized Air Quality (AQ) data and related HR information. This system depends on pollution, the city layout, the weather, and the chemical and physical processes that affect the pollutant’s mobility. It measures the AQ levels in many places, like homes, schools, businesses, and transportation for Public Health (PH). It uses Big Data (BD) and a surveillance system to monitor the street-level AQ. The street-level AQ modeling shows higher accuracy than reference data [17]. The PH and prediction of HR are parts of the ongoing process. It shares knowledge about air pollution and its impact on PH.

The Influence of Three-Dimensional Building Morphology on PM2.5 Concentrations in the Yangtze River Delta

The rapid urbanization of urban areas in China has brought about great variation in the layout of cities and serious air pollution. Recently, the focus has been directed toward understanding the role of urban morphology in the generation and spread of atmospheric pollution, particularly in PM2.5 emissions. However, there have been limited investigations into the impact of three-dimensional (3D) features on changes in PM2.5 concentrations. By analyzing a wealth of data on building structures based on a mixed linear model and variance partition analysis in the Yangtze River Delta throughout 2018, this study sought to examine the associations between PM2.5 concentrations and urban building form, and further compared the contributions of two-dimensional (2D) and 3D building features. The findings revealed that both 2D and 3D building forms played an important role in PM2.5 concentrations. Notably, the greater contribution of 3D building forms on PM2.5 concentrations was observed, especially during the summer, where they accounted for 20% compared to 7% for 2D forms. In particular, the building height range emerged as a crucial local factor affecting PM2.5 concentrations, contributing up to 12%. Moreover, taller buildings with more variability in height were found to aid in the dispersion of pollution. These results underscore the substantial contribution of 3D building morphology to PM2.5 pollution, contrasting with previous studies. Furthermore, compact buildings were linked to lower pollution levels, and an urban landscape characterized by polycentric urban structures and lower fragmentation was deemed more favorable for sustainable urban development. This study is significant in investigating the contribution of 3D morphology to PM2.5 and its importance for pollution dispersion mechanisms. It suggests the adoption of a polycentric urban form with a broader range of building heights in urban planning for local governments in the Yangtze River Delta.

益山与东亚古代都城

The cultural heritage of Iksan possesses the structural characteristics of an ancient capital, with well-preserved palace grounds, Buddhist temples, the foundations of the royal city, substantially intact royal tombs, and a road network laid out in a grid pattern resembling the shape of the Chinese character “井”, all indicative of a capital city layout. Excavations at the royal palace site have unearthed roof tiles inscribed with the term of “首府(capital)”, while historical records refer to Iksan as the former capital, with both literature and archaeology supporting the notion of Iksan as an ancient capital. The capital Iksan exhibits features typical of East Asian capitals while also reflecting characteristics unique to Baekje's capitals. Under pressure from internal and external forces, Baekje kings may have adopted a “multi- capital system” to adapt and ensure survival. Sabi, Ungjin, and Iksan seem to have all served as capital cities during the reign of King Mu of Baekje. Archaeological findings, historical records, landmarks, and cultural relics collectively confirm the historical reality of Iksan as a capital city, fitting into the historical context of Baekje and conforming to the ancient capital typology of East Asia. Iksan's status as a capital city is substantiated, though the relevant evidence is fragmentary and lacks completeness and systemization. Only through comprehensive research utilizing the method of “bold hypothesis, careful verification” can we possibly confirm and elucidate the appearance and essence of its capital city.

A novel stochastic framework for optimal scheduling of smart cities as an energy hub

AbstractSmart cities consist of various energy systems and services that must be optimally scheduled to improve energy efficiency and reduce operation costs. The smart city layout comprises a power distribution system, a thermal energy system, a water system, and the private and public transportation systems. Additionally, several new technologies such as reconfiguration, regenerative braking energy of the metro, etc. are considered. This study is one of the first to consider all these technologies together in a smart city. The proposed power distribution system is a grid‐connected hybrid AC–DC microgrid. The biogeography‐based optimization algorithm was utilized to seek the best solution for scheduling micro‐turbines, fuel cells, heat pumps, desalination units, energy storage systems, AC–DC converters, purchasing power from the upstream, distributed energy resources, and transferring power amongst electric vehicle parking stations and metro for the next day. Also, the reduced unscented transformation layout was used to capture the system's uncertainty. The suggested layout is implemented on an enhanced IEEE 33‐bus test system to show the efficiency of the suggested method. The results show that costs and environmental pollution are reduced. By comparing the proposed smart city with other studies, the efficiency and completeness of the proposed smart city are shown.

Analisis Kelayakan Penerapan Inklusivitas Kota Ramah Pejalan Kaki di Surabaya: Studi Komparatif dengan Kota Bandung dalam Teori Kepublikan

This research discusses the concept of a pedestrian-friendly city or Walkable City in Surabaya, relating it to Bandung. Based on the Most Liveable City Index (MLCI), Bandung ranks at the Average Tier City level, indicating it has the best city implementation in Indonesia. Similarities in city layout, road conditions, and the economic characteristics of the population suggest that Surabaya and Bandung have similar city identities. This research employs qualitative methods with content analysis techniques to analyze data and interpret the meaning behind data and information from social media users. The findings reveal that Jalan Braga retains a historical impression and features pedestrian-friendly sidewalks, including inclusive public spaces and street designs. However, the lighting on Jalan Braga is dim, causing visitors to feel anxious at night. In Surabaya, especially on Jalan Tunjungan, the walkable city conditions are similar to Jalan Braga. However, the crossing lights are ineffective, and the lack of canopies along the sidewalks discourages walking during the day due to the extreme heat, which is a drawback for implementing a walkable city on Jalan Tunjungan.This research suggests that to improve safety, resilience, and sustainability in inclusive road and urban traffic design comprehensively, the integration framework needs to be expanded beyond conventional views—limited to technology or products, business or economics, and infrastructure or platforms—to encompass space, speed, and priority. Each of these factors directly influences accessibility, security, and social usability and has a reciprocal and interdependent relationship with the others.

Evaluation of provincial forest ecological security and analysis of the driving factors in China via the GWR model

Economic and social factors pose an enormous threat to forest ecological security, which in turn affects the development of ecological civilization. This paper applies a geographically weighted regression model to study the impact of urbanization, industrial structure, and foreign direct investment on forest ecological security of 30 provinces in 2013 and 2018 and reveals the spatial differences of various influencing factors in different provinces. First, the overall forest ecological security in China is at an average level, with slight improvement. Second, urbanization has the greatest impact on forest ecological security in all provinces, which shows a rising trend. Third, the positive impact of industrial structure on forest ecological security has improved. Fourth, in 2013, FDI (foreign direct investment) had a negative correlation with forest ecological security. In 2018, FDI had a positive impact on the forest ecological security index of 16 provinces, while it had a negative correlation in other provinces. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate a coordinated security improvement plan for neighboring provinces. The government should promote rural revitalization, plan the layout of cities rationally, increase the proportion of tertiary industry, appropriately raise access barriers to foreign investment and strengthen environmental supervision over existing foreign-invested enterprises.

Artistic mathematical analysis of the influence of modern urban architecture and lighting on human visual information transmission

AIMS: In order to implement the relevant laws, regulations and technical policies of national urban planning and environmental protection, and meet people’s living and human health, since the 21st century, various countries have adopted various methods to improve the urban ecological environment in varying degrees. The influence of the environment on people is first through the human visual response to the brain, so that the human brain can respond quickly and affect their human health. However, human modernization has brought many serious adverse factors to mankind. We must attach great importance to it. METHODS: Using the methods of field investigation, mathematical analysis and observation, and using artistic mathematical methods from the perspective of visual communication, the effects of these factors were analyzed. RESULTS: The analysis results show that more than 80% of people believe that the stronger the artistry of urban environment, the better human health and the longer life span. Only 10% of people are indifferent to the artistry of urban environment. 10% thought it was OK to have a place to live. CONCLUSION: 85% of people require that the urban environment should first have artistic beauty. Human beings must consider the artistry of the urban environment as much as possible in the process of urban modernization. The stronger the artistry of the environment, the more beautiful the modern environment will be. With a beautiful environment, human beings will live longer and longer. Effective measures must be taken to avoid excessive confusion in the construction and layout of cities.

Evaluation of urban ecological security model based on GIS sensing and MCR model

Urban ecological security is not only a basic safety requirement for human security and development, but also an important part of national security and other security and infrastructure carriers. Protecting the environment is an important factor in the construction of China's natural civilization. In recent years, with the deterioration of the environment, the region and its people have paid more and more attention to the safety of urban ecological environment, which has become one of the hottest issues in current research. Land use/cover rate change (LUCC) affects the environment, which will also affect environmental safety, and changes in its appearance will also affect nature and the environment, providing a positive impetus for the control of natural processes. In this paper, researches on the above problems in City K and Zhengzhou are carried out, using MSPA and visual image forms to better connect local resources, and through the MCR model based on ecological control, a weight-based multi-structure network model is established, which is conducive to the establishment of a multi-structure network model based on ecological control. Build a city of environmental science network. The GIS control line was explored, and the concept of the control line was filled to a certain extent. At the same time, taking City K and Zhengzhou as examples, determining the breadth of their layout and management, as well as the control strategy of their environmental control lines, provides a specific reference angle for the layout and research of other cities. Urban ecological security is very important to each of us living in cities. It is a difficult problem at this stage to establish an ecological security model to open a new security pattern.

Application of Wireless Network Remote Sensing Image and Video Processing Technology in Smart City Design and planning

With the rapid development of society, regional urban construction has become the main guarantee of economic development, and smart city construction has become the main trend of regional development. Smart cities consist of information images and urban development, which can meet the needs of the modern generation for material life, knowledge and scientific life. Therefore, wireless remote sensing (RS) and video image processing have become key tools for the development of smart cities, which can solve the problems encountered by many professionals before, and become an integral part of urban construction. On this basis, this paper summarized the video processing image and wireless network RS image, and analyzed their development and application in urban design and layout. Based on this, this paper expounded the application of wireless network RS image in smart city design and layout, and analyzed the application prospects of RS technology in building smart city space-time information framework, RS+urban management, RS+smart environmental protection, RS+smart city agriculture and video processing technology in smart city design and planning. It analyzed the application in intelligent security, intelligent transportation and management visualization, and then used the two-dimensional discrete Fourier transform (2D-DFT) definition to strengthen the design and layout of smart cities. According to experiments and surveys, introducing 2D-DFT into the design and layout of smart cities can build a more intelligent city and improve residents’ satisfaction by 30%.

Tokyo as an Olympic city across modern history: planning culture as the intangible heritage from a century of hosting the Olympic and Paralympic Games

ABSTRACT Chosen three times as the host city for the Summer Olympic Games (1940, 1964 and 2020), Tokyo's city layout is historically linked to the Olympics. Including the bid project for the 1960 and the 2016 Games, Tokyo has presented five Olympic projects, each time with five different urban visions which enlighten the nature of the past and present political Japanese regimes. The recurrence of the Olympic Games in the planning and growth of Tokyo leads to the idea of a major influence of the Olympics both on the physical evolution of the urban structure but also on that, immaterial, of its planning culture – or, in other words, on the representations, imaginary and practices of the institutional stakeholders of Tokyo's urban fabric. The aim of the paper is therefore double. First, it analyses each urban vision of the Games of 1940, 1964 and 2020. Secondly, it analyses the influence of each Olympic project on greater Tokyo's urban planning and regional development, as well as the influence of each Olympiad on the following ones. Doing that, the paper discusses the formalization of a planning culture through organizing the Olympics on the long run in Tokyo.

Research on Urban Land Suitability Evaluation Based on GIS—A Case Study of Xi'an City

The evaluation of urban land suitability plays a crucial role in urban planning and land management. Taking Xi'an City as a case study, this research, based on ArcGIS software, conducted an in-depth study and evaluation of urban land suitability by comprehensively considering factors such as terrain, land use status, and DEM elevation data. By collecting and analyzing a large amount of spatial data, a set of urban land suitability evaluation models was established. With the functionality of ArcGIS software, spatial analysis and data processing were carried out to generate spatial distribution maps of urban land suitability. The research results indicate that land suitability is influenced by various factors, including terrain features, land use status, and elevation. Therefore, when formulating urban planning and land use policies, it is essential to consider these factors comprehensively to promote sustainable urban development and rational resource utilization. In future urban development, it is necessary to combine the influencing factors of urban land to develop more scientifically sound urban planning, aiming to achieve optimized spatial layout of cities and efficient resource utilization.

Spatial Planning Policy Analysis and Participation Support Society Towards Environmental Sustainability

The research is purpose to find out implementation spatial planning policies on Bekasi city for stainable environmental management? Analytical methods used are: 1) Geo-physics analysis of land suitability analysis, 2) physical analysis; 3) Analysis of environmental management, 4) Analysis of socio-economic conditions, and 5) Analysis of Geographic Information System (GIS). The results obtained that spatial planning and environmental carrying capacity can be concluded that to meet the needs of diverse development needs to develop a spatial pattern of land use, coordinate, procedures for water and other resources in a unified a dynamic environment. To meet the needs of diverse development needs to develop a spatial pattern coordinate system guana land, procedures for water and other resources in a unified order dynamic environment. For that layout needs to be managed by an integrated pattern through a regional approach with respect to site natural environment, socio-cultural environment, and the artificial environment in accordance with its development. Good city spatial structure with more increased public participation in city layout is expected to be better. The parties involved in these activities the city department of administration, the whole society. There is a direct influence on the city hall community participation in maintaining a healthy environment, so if you want to increase public participation in maintaining a healthy environment can be done by increasing the city spatial planning. Knowledge to community environmental management in maintaining a healthy environment, can be done by improving environmental management Knowledge community.

Public Perception of Street Vendors in Pontianak Auditorium Park Tanjungpura University

Business development in the Auditorium Park of Tanjungpura University, especially street vendors, has increased, giving rise to increasingly competitive competition between street vendors. This study aims to describe and analyse the factors of public acceptance of street vendors, the situation of the existence of street vendors and target object factors that influence the emergence and increase of street vendors around the Auditorium Park of Tanjungpura University Pontianak. The method used in this study is a qualitative research method using a descriptive approach-data collection using interviews, observation, and documentation. The data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. The results of this study showed that several factors were found, such as the public acceptance of street vendors who were dominant to an unfavourable view of the existence of street vendors that caused congestion and slums around the Auditorium Park. Then, from the Situation factor, the existence of street vendors makes it irregular, and the scattered garbage creates a shabby impression around the park. The last factor of the target object of street vendors is the park, which is one of the objects, and the presence of visitors or people who gather in the park auditorium to attract street vendors. Suggestions addressed to Tanjungpura University must be given clear regulations and strict action from Tanjungpura University for street vendors selling in Tanjungpura University Auditorium Park so that they are orderly so as not to take the shoulder of the road that hinders the mobility of road users. To the Government, street vendors must be given a unique, strategic and spacious place so that street vendors are free to trade and the city layout is neatly arranged.

Comparative study and effects of urban green scape on the land surface temperature of a large metropolis and green city

Previous studies have provided valuable insights into the impact of green space (GS) on land surface temperature (LST). However, there is a need for in-depth comparative research on changing landscape patterns in cities and their effects on the urban thermal environment. This study investigates the spatial arrangement of GS and the influence of impervious surfaces on LST in urban areas, examining their cooling and warming effects in the urban landscapes of Beijing and Islamabad. The study aims to assess the impact of the spatial arrangement of GS on LST using a moving window of 1 km2 to analyze the overall effect of landscape patterns on the urban environment. Using Gaofen (GF–2) and Landsat–8 satellite data, we examined the biophysical surface properties of core urban areas. The results indicate a significant difference in the mean LST of 5.44 °C and 3.31 °C between impervious surfaces and GS in Beijing and Islamabad, respectively. The barren land and GS in Islamabad experience a higher LST of 3.39 °C compared to Beijing, which accounts for 1.39 °C. In Beijing, configuration metrics show no significant effect on urban LST, while edge density (ED) exhibits a slightly negative trend. In contrast, in the city of Islamabad, the landscape shape index (LSI), patch density (PD), and number of patches (NP) metrics have a significant influence on LST. The cooling effect of GS patches (0.1–0.5 ha) is more pronounced, while that of GS patches of 15–20 ha shows no significant effect on LST. The temperature difference (TD) of 5.01 °C was observed from the edge of GS in Beijing and 3.3 °C in Islamabad. Considering Islamabad's lush green scape compared to Beijing, this study suggests that Islamabad may experience an increase in LST in the future due to urbanization. This study's findings may assist urban policy-makers in designing sustainable green city layouts that effectively address future planning considerations.

The architect’s material palette

During the twentieth century, reinforced concrete acquired a status of a leading building material. Its wide application influenced the construction technologies and the layout of cities and largely shaped the aesthetics of modernism. At the beginning of this century, the cost of cement and concrete production is showing rapid growth, and the environmental burden from cement production is becoming increasingly unacceptable. Economic and environmental factors force us to look for a replacement for reinforced concrete. In particular, there is renewed interest in wood-based building materials. The problem is that the dominance of concrete has formed a stable orientation of architects to a specific set of properties – isotropy, high density, fire safety, and so on, which are absent from wood. A compromise option is cross-laminated timber (CLT), which at the same time has its own disadvantages and limitations. The article concludes that it is necessary to diversify the palette of building materials and develop special training programs for architects to work with a wide range of building materials.

The 2015–2019 excavation of the bronze foundry site at the Huanbei Shang City in Anyang, Henan

Abstract The Anyang Team of Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences conducted five excavations of a bronze foundry site at the Huanbei Shang City from 2015 to 2019. A variety of archaeological features were discovered, ranging from the foundation built from calcareous nodules and rammed earth, bronze melting and casting area, refuse area, sacrificial pit, ash pit, well, and cache pit. Many artifacts related to metallurgy were also unearthed, including clay molds, models, cores, bellow nozzles, slag, furnace fragments, charcoal, bone gravers, and whetstones. The discovery of this bronze foundry site is of great value for the study of the Huanbei Shang City layout, the operation, and management of bronze casting, technological transmission, and other questions. Bronze casting technology at Huanbei Shang City was still in its early stages of development, but it laid a solid foundation for the later flourishing of the bronze civilization at Yinxu.

A Case Study for an Assessment of Fire Station Selection in the Central Urban Area

With the continual acceleration of urbanization, the amount of urban infrastructure and the quality of public services are increasing in many cities. A pressing concern in this context is the growing problem of incompatible fire protection construction, indicating a need for urban fire stations with well-planned layouts. However, research on optimizing the layout and placement of fire stations by considering the various factors affecting station layouts is lacking. The current study addressed this gap by establishing an optimal fire station layout by using a geographic information system (GIS) and elucidated the trends of GIS application in firefighting and rescue operations. The study’s findings reveal the benefits of avoiding blind spots, enhancing the selection of fire station sites, and optimizing service coverage. Furthermore, this study optimized the layout of CZ city’s downtown fire stations, which could enhance CZ city’s firefighting capabilities.