City-forming Enterprises Research Articles

Comparative analysis of the primary morbidity in the population in the territory of accumulated risk over the post-operation period of a chemical enterprise

Introduction. The long-term operation of the chemical enterprise has led to the formation of an area of accumulated harm to public health. The purpose of the study is to investigate the trend in newly identified morbidity in various population groups living in areas of accumulated chemical pollution of the environment. Materials and methods. The primary morbidity rate of the population of Usolye-Sibirskoye was assessed retrospectively according to official statistical reporting – during 1985–1995. and 2016–2022. Relative rates of incidence among children and adults (per 1000 population) were calculated. The trend in the incidence of malignant neoplasms was studied using regression analysis and growth (decrease) rates. Results. Over 2016–2022 there was a gain in the incidence in the population: in 0–14 years children by classes: certain conditions in the perinatal period, blood diseases, neoplasms; in 15–17 years adolescents: by class of disease of the circulatory system, blood, endocrine and genitourinary systems, congenital malformations, neoplasms; in the adult population by classes of diseases including congenital malformations, diseases of the endocrine system, circulatory system, musculoskeletal system and blood diseases, neoplasms. Limitations are due to changes in the structure of statistical reporting forms and various etiological factors for diseases included in one class of diseases. Conclusion. During the post-operation period of the city-forming enterprise, an increase in incidence in children and adults was revealed. Undoubtedly, the formation of pathology was influenced not only by the unfavourable environmental situation in the city, but also by socio-economic conditions. To optimize medical and preventive measures to improve and preserve public health, it is necessary to conduct further studies of the health status in the population in the area of accumulated chemical pollution.

Development of a mechanism for managing the level of investment in R&D of city-forming enterprises (by the example of the metallurgical industry)

The object of the study is investment in R&D of enterprises. The problem of developing a mechanism for managing the level of R&D investment at industrial enterprises has been solved. The results are obtained: – gradation of R&D investment levels at enterprises based on the application of the beta coefficient calculation methodology adapted to the R&D sphere; – distribution of city-forming enterprises of the metallurgical industry by R&D investment levels: high level – 27 % of surveyed enterprises, average – 18 %, low – 55 %, critical – 0 %; – development of a matrix based on the comparison of the level of R&D investment and the level of sales volumes of the enterprise's products calculated according to one algorithm. For each cell of the matrix, management decisions of strategic nature are proposed to increase the level of R&D investment. The results obtained are explained by the assumption of a linear relationship between the size of R&D investment of a particular enterprise over time and aggregate industry R&D investment (as a benchmark). The tendency of R&D investment growth in the industry, regularity of R&D investments of the surveyed enterprises were confirmed, time series of R&D investment both at the evaluated enterprise and in the industry as a whole were processed using trend smoothing. The features of the obtained results lie in the application of comparable coefficients (investments in R&D), as well as in the application of the developed assessment in the management of the enterprise. The practical significance of this study results is the possibility of applying the obtained conclusions and recommendations to increase the level of R&D investment of large industrial enterprises in the volume, scope and conditions corresponding to the developing economy

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF A CITY-FORMING ENTERPRISE ACTIVITY IN ARCTIC INDIVIDUAL CITY (EVIDENCE OF KOSTOMUKSHA)

An extended use of natural and geostrategic potential of the Arctic determines the relevance of studying the development of mono-cities as key elements of settling framework of a macroregion. GO Kostomuksha has been a positive exception for a long time due to a favorable socio-economic situation and successful leveling of environmental risks. The article examines social and environmental aspects of the activity of the city-forming enterprise GO Kostomuksha. The purpose of the work is to identify the key social and environmental aspects of the activity of a city-forming enterprise that determines the sustainable development of a single-industry town. The research methodology includes the concept of sustainable development, dialectical and formal-logical approaches, a combination of methods of statistical and sociological analysis. The originality of the study lies in the choice of an object - the city of Kostomuksha, which recently received “Arctic” status, which has not been sufficiently studied in this status from a socio-economic point of view. The study is based on official statistics, reporting data of holdings and enterprises, as well as the results of a survey of the population of Kostomuksha. The study reveals that, despite a high burden of existing production on the environment, ecological problems occupy the last place (only 3,7% of respondents noted the environmental situation as a problem) on the list of crucial issues for the city. At the same time, almost half of respondents share the responsibility for the environment condition as personal. The perceived connection of the personal future with the city is higher among the employees of the enterprise than among other residents (78,6% vs. 60%). The conclusion is made about the expediency of a wider media and social networks coverage of such areas of the enterprise's activity as “preservation of the environment”, “social security and charity”, “household welfare of the population”, as well as a more intensified interaction in these areas with local authorities. The results are applicable in the framework of regulating the development of local communities in single-industry towns in the Arctic and maximizing social effects as a part of ESG agenda by large holdings and enterprises.

Алгоритм оптимального управления замкнутой системой рынка труда на заданном временном интервале

The ratio of supply and demand in the labor market is an important criteria for the effectiveness of the functioning of the economic system at the macro level. Improving the effectiveness of employers' personnel policy requires the development of new control tools and forecasting of dynamic labor market processes at the macro and micro levels. The problem of optimal control of the previously proposed closed labor market system is considered. The problem of optimal control of a system described by a system of nonlinear differential equations is formulated in general form. Aim. Finding piecewise constant control values at which the price-quality ratio in the labor market will be maximum over the next three years. Materials and methods. According to the concept of the model, the subjects of the labor market are divided into three categories depending on the amount of demand for their labor: subjects of high, low and medium qualifications. A hypothesis has been adopted according to which vacant places in the labor market are considered to be occupied by low-skilled subjects. Due to the previously proven uniqueness of solving the problem of optimal control of a closed labor market, a greedy algorithm for finding the maximum value of the price-quality ratio in the labor market is justified. Using Wolfram Mathematica, according to the method found earlier, the formulated optimal control problem was solved at each time half-interval. Results. Control values have been obtained at which the price-quality ratio in the labor market of the village of Sylva in the Perm Territory will be maximum over the next three years. The results substantiate the recommendation to introduce stricter requirements for applicants for vacant positions at the city-forming enterprise of the village of Sylva in the Perm Territory.

ESG factors of city-forming enterprises and the growth of single-industry towns in Russia

In research, the influence of city-forming enterprises on the single-industry town’s development is considered from the perspective of ESG-parameters of their activities. In the development of the researches of previous authors, the article presents a conceptual model of the influence of city-forming enterprise ESG-indicators on the socio-economic development of a single-industry town, including three types of indicators. If the social aspects of the organization activities are carried out at a city-forming enterprise, this contributes to increase the attractiveness of the labor market in the city and expanding the human potential of the city as a whole. When performing the G-component of organizing the city-forming enterprise activities this contributes not only to attracting investors, but also expanding the practice of co-production public goods in the city, due to the combined efforts of the city-forming enterprise, local governments and external investors. In the article application of ESG-indicators in non-financial reporting of large Russian city-forming enterprises. The authors found public non-financial reports (with ESG-reporting) only in 45 % of Russian city-forming enterprises. The non-financial reports of 30 city-forming enterprises from 19 regions of Russia were studied more detailed. What indicator: economic, social or corporate are presented in them. The authors concluded that the city-forming enterprises demonstrate mainly managerial indicators, the dynamics of staff turnover and responsibility in waste management. Indicators of the environmental, social and managerial components are not always presented in a sufficiently diverse way but one group of indicators may be present, or such indicators are used that do not reflect the initial value of ESG-monitoring. To overcome these imperfections, the article also presents some recommendations for the development of this practice.

ИНДИКАЦИЯ СОСТОЯНИЯ РАСТИТЕЛЬНОСТИ В Г. МАГНИТОГОРСКЕ ДЛЯ ОЦЕНКИ КАЧЕСТВА АТМОСФЕРНОГО ВОЗДУХА И СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ ЕГО МОНИТОРИНГА1

In 2016, specialists from the research institute UralNII Ecology conducted a scientific experiment in Magnitogorsk to assess the impact of atmospheric air pollution on vegetation in different parts of the city. The purpose of the study was to assess the condition of vegetation in different areas by measuring chlorophyll fluorescence and carotenoid content in ash maple leaves in order to develop proposals for modernizing the atmospheric air monitoring system in Magnitogorsk. Based on the modeling of pollutant dispersion in the atmospheric air, 13 points were identified in the territory of Magnitogorsk, where experimental samples of ash-leaved maple were collected for further research in the laboratory (five points directly bordering the main site of the city-forming enterprise and the territories of its large subsidiaries; five points located in the residential area in the left-bank industrial hub; two points located in the residential area in the right-bank part of the city; one point in the residential area of the city, most remote from the city-forming enterprise and characterizing the ‘background’ value of atmospheric air pollution). During the research, the relative index of delayed chlorophyll fluorescence (DCF) and the content of photosynthetic pigments (carotenoids) were determined in the leaves of the ash-leaved maple. As a result of the studies, the areas of the city of Magnitogorsk were identified whereatmospheric air pollution had the greatest and the least impact on vegetation. The purpose of the study was achieved. Theresults of the studies were subsequently used in the development of proposals for the modernization of the atmosphericair monitoring system in Magnitogorsk. It is concluded that it is possible to use the results of the study of vegetation, namely the DCF values and the content of carotenoids, as an indirect method for assessing the effectiveness of the existing network of POPs.

Особенности социально-трудовых отношений в регионах с разным уровнем диверсификации экономики

The relevance of solving the problem of sustainable development of regions with different levels of diversification of the economy is due to the current situation in the entire world economy, the aggravation of social and economic contradictions. The aim of this study is to identify the peculiarities of social and labor relations in the territories with different levels of economic diversification (on the example of a region with monotowns and a weakly urbanized region). The necessity of studying the state of social and labour relations to ensure sustainable development of the regional economy is substantiated. The following conclusions were obtained. 1. A comparative analysis of the main socio-economic indicators of the economy’s functioning and indicators of social and labor relations of single-industry and weakly urbanized territorial entities was carried out. 2 The multivariate impact on social and labor relations was studied, primarily from the standpoint of geography and economic structure, taking into account the peculiarities of urbanization processes. 3. Features of social and labor relations of single-industry and weakly urbanized regions were identified under the influence of the triune group of factors. 4. The choice of Kemerovo Oblast is due to the fact that almost half of municipalities are monotowns. The Republic of Tuva was chosen as a weakly urbanized territory, supplemented by information on Altai Krai for comparative analysis. 5. The level of urbanization in Kemerovo Oblast is about 1.5 times higher than the corresponding figure in the Republic of Tuva and Altai Krai. 6. With an equal or significantly smaller area of the compared territories, the population of Altai Krai and Kemerovo Oblast is 7–8 times higher than that of the Republic of Tuva. In the latter, over the past 15 years, there have been positive changes in the gradual increase in numbers, while in the former there is a steady trend of population decline. The number continues to decline in almost all monotowns of Kemerovo Oblast (with extremely rare exceptions). 7. The demographic burden in Altai Krai and the Republic of Tuva has been growing over a 15-year period, with a tendency to gradually equalize the number of people in disabled and working age, thereby exacerbating the situation on the labor market and limiting the opportunities for sustainable economic development. 8. The Republic of Tuva is at the end of the hierarchy of the subjects of the Russian Federation in terms of employment, unemployment rate and tension coefficient. 9. One of the main factors determining the specifics and development of social and labor relations of single-industry municipalities is the activities of the city-forming enterprise and its interaction with other subjects of social and labor relations.

ГАЛУЗЕВА СПЕЦИФІКА МОНОПРОФІЛЬНИХ МІСТ ДОНБАСУ В 1940–1980 ті РР.: ПОЛІТИКО-СТРАТЕГІЧНИЙ АСПЕКТ ФОРМУВАННЯ

The aim of the study is to identify and characterize the main features of the political strategy, determine the formation of the sectoral specificity of the industrial base of the monotowns of Donbas in the 1940s-1980s. The methodology of the study is based on the principles of historicism, objectivity, integrity and systemic character. The methods used are: retrospective, problematic-chronological, historical-genetic, historical-typological ones. The novelty of the study lies in the attempt to identify and characterize the main features of the political strategy of economic development, which led to the formation of the sectoral specificity of production of city-forming importance in Donbas in the 1940s-1980s period. Conclusions. The formation of the sectoral specificity of the Donbas mono-profile cities from the mid-1940s to the late 1980s period was the result of the low level of political and strategic thinking of the country's party and government leadership in organizing industrial and urbanization processes. As in the previous period (the years of forced industrialization in the 1920s-1930s), the country long-term economic development was based on an extensive model. The main priorities were to ensure the country's defense capability and rapidly demonstrate the benefits of socialist planned economy. This led to increasing use of raw materials from Donbas, construction of numerous city-forming enterprises in the region, mainly in the coal industry, as well as in the fire-resistant, chemical ones. During the period under study, the number of mono-profile cities in the region doubled, compared to the previous one: out of a total of eighty-seven cities in Donbas at the end of the Soviet Union period, about 80% were mono-profile. The genesis of the majority of single-industry cities in this period is associated with the "economic breakthrough" of the mid-1950s - mid-1960s period, planned to quickly reach the levels of highly developed countries. The attempts to improve the economic development strategy and move away from the extensive economic model by the party and government leadership in the second half of the 1960s and at the late stage of the USSR's existence period were not consistent and effective. There was neither diversification nor intensification of city-forming production in the mono-profile cities of Donbas. The narrow sectoral specificity determined negative scenarios for the development of these cities in the following decades. They are mainly related to the reduction of city-forming production due to the depletion of the region's resource potential, structural and economic changes. Developing new strategies for the economic development of the country and the regions, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of formation of the industrial and urban sphere of Donbas, to answer fundamental questions, connected to the reasonability of rebuilding and the possibility of re-profiling such cities.

Методологические и практические вопросы стратегий развития моногородов: возможности предикативной аналитики

The purpose of the article is to study the problems associated with the stabilization of the situation in single-industry towns and the methodological justification of the practical possibilities of using predicative analytics in obtaining a predictive assessment of the growth points and taking into account risk factors during the creation of a strategy for sustainable development of a mono-profile territory. The historical significance of single-industry towns is shown and the reasons for the subsequent decline in their socio-economic indicators and the state of infrastructure are given. The consequences of the dependence of socio-economic indicators of single-industry town development on the financial results of the activity of a city-forming enterprise are analyzed. The expediency of developing a unified approach to technologies for solving the problems of single-industry towns development using predictive analytics tools in the process of planning the territory development is argued.

Econometric Modeling of Creative Industries Concentration Process in the Siberian and the Urals Single-Industry Towns

Creative industry is considered the driver of modern urban development. It raises the new wave of issues of re-industrialization policy in single-industry towns. Nevertheless, the algorithms of current mathematical modeling in regional economies are not complex enough, leaving out spatial errors and variety in models used. We present eight steps of econometric analysis, considering local-level data. For the research, a balanced data panel was formed for 38 single-industry towns in Siberia and the Urals in Russia, for the period of 2013–2017. For mathematical modeling of the process of concentration of creative industries in single-industry towns, first, we present the specific indices of concentration, variety, and spatial disparities. Then, we test the full list of possible models for the variables. Then, we evaluate the regional offset. We describe the sufficient F-test, Hausman test and Breusch–Pagan Lagrange multiplier tests, choosing the most appropriate model. Finally, we evaluate the spatial autorepression of residuals. This algorithm allows us prove the data period and identify the tendency of spatial heterogeneity growth. We assume it to be the growing spillover effect in creative industries. At the same time, despite the positive trend of decreasing concentration of creative industries in single-industry towns, mono-industry continues to have a meaningful impact on their development, which forms the basis of path dependence. In this regard, the main actor of development in towns is city-forming enterprise, through the tools of corporate social responsibility. In view of the latter, it is proposed to develop tools for corporate creative responsibility in single-industry organizations within cities and regions. Finally, the general concern about the growth of spatial differentiation at the level of cities and regions is not yet significant.

ПРИНЦИПЫ ИНВЕСТИЦИОННОЙ ПРИВЛЕКАТЕЛЬНОСТИ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ ИНДУСТРИАЛЬНОГО НАСЛЕДИЯ САХАРНЫХ ЗАВОДОВ СЕРЕДИНЫ XIX – НАЧАЛА XX В.В.

Industrial heritage objects reflect the history of the nation, the peculiarities of its thinking, and also have great potential in the context of the sustainable development of small towns and villages in which they are located. Sugar factories of the Central Black Earth region are historically city-forming enterprises. However, at the moment, industrial territories that do not perform a city-forming function, on the one hand, and an acquired socio-cultural function as a significant cultural heritage, on the other hand, have degraded and are partially in a ruined state. The study considers the factors affecting the investment attractiveness of industrial heritage objects of sugar factories: restrictions on the creation of a new function, location in small towns and rural settlements, low transport accessibility, the problem of property rights, the unsatisfactory state of the territory and objects of industrial heritage, imperfection of the legislative base in the field of cultural heritage preservation, lack of tourist and recreational attractiveness. The features in the legal documentation that negatively affect the investment attractiveness of the object of cultural heritage are revealed. The principles of investment attractiveness based on the resolution of urban conflicts are proposed, which are recommended when adapting the industrial heritage of sugar factories of XIX – early XX centuries It is assumed that the application of the developed principles for the territories of the industrial heritage of sugar factories will increase their level of attractiveness for the investor (public/private).

Optimal labor market management under constraints in the form of a finite-dimensional system of nonlinear differential equations integrated by quadratures

The paper separates a class of finite-dimensional systems of nonlinear differential equations, the exact analytical solution of which can be represented in the form of quadratures. The paper uses a particular case of the system of the separated class as a set of equality constraints for the problem of optimal management of a closed finite-dimensional labor market with a common selection coefficient - the management parameter for the system under study. The paper specifies the definitions of the qualification categories for labor market subjects, with allowance for the physical meaning of their behavior in the system under study. It introduces quality factors for meeting the demand for labor, which are the averaged difference between the remuneration of labor and proceeds of the activities of subjects at each of the three qualification categories. It introduces a quality function in respect of the management of the labor market system, which is a sum of the products of the functions of the shares owned by the subjects at each of the three qualification categories by their quality coefficients. It considers labor markets with different ratios of quality factors. The case where the quality factor of subjects of a low qualification category is higher than that of a high qualification category has been shown to contradict the physical meaning of the model. Quality function vs management parameter curves are plotted for each labor market system under study. The paper gives examples of real-life labor markets for every physically admissible ratio of quality factors. The optimal management of the labor market system is shown to not necessarily imply that the management parameter tends to its extreme values. The paper plots a management quality function for a real-life labor market with a city-forming enterprise exemplified by the labor market of the village of Sylva, the Perm Territory, and determines the optimal values of management parameters.

Use of Earth Remote Sensing Materials in Surveying the Territory of the City of Nikolsk, Penza Region

This article discusses changes in the territory of the city-forming enterprise of the city of Nikolsk, FSUE Krasny Giant, as well as the territory of industrial production of diatomite in the Nikolsky district. The basis of the study was the method of remote sensing of the territory using a ground survey of the territory.

Features of employment in a singleindustry town on the example of Pavlovo, Nizhny Novgorod oblast

The article describes the main features of the labor market in Pavlovo, Nizhny Novgorod oblast, analyzes employment strategies of the population from different property groups. Due to its geographical location, socio-demographic structure, Pavlovo was chosen as an example of a typical small town in the European part of Russia. The article presents the results of sociological survey conducted in 2011 and 2021. The 2011 survey was carried out by the Institute of Socio-Economic Studies of Population of the FCTAS RAS (Moscow) and Lobachevsky State University of Nizhniy Novgorod (Nizhny Novgorod) with participation of the universities of Glasgow (Scotland) and Uppsala (Sweden). The 2021 survey — by the Center for the Study of Social Systems, the Department of Sociology of Project Activity and Pro-Competitive Regulation of the Lobachevsky State University of Nizhniy Novgorod., the universities of Glasgow (Scotland), Uppsala (Sweden) with the support of the Scientific Information Center, Nizhny Novgorod. As a result of the cluster analysis, four social groups were identified that differ from each other in socio-economic characteristics and strategies of behavior in the labor market. The relationship between the level of education and the position on the labor market is clearly visible. In the group of affluent households, there are more people who have higher education. Higher education and qualification level allow one to occupy higher-paying positions, diversify career strategies even in a single-industry city. While in low-income families, the share of those who are employed in the industrial sector, in particular, at the city-forming enterprise, is higher. Affluent households show the greatest economic activity, while combining additional ways of earning with the main specialty. It is important to note that the lower the family income level, the less often they use the opportunities for additional earnings. People of retirement age, while maintaining an average level of economic activity and sufficient labor potential (education, skill level), are quite severely limited in employment opportunities. Factors reducing the material well-being of family are the presence of minor children, the position of a single parent, the status of a pensioner. Those living alone are also often low-income, especially women.

PREREQUISITES FOR THE RENOVATION OF POST-INDUSTRIAL AREAS ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE ZAPORIZHZHIA ALUMINUM PLANT

Industrial areas of cities play a significant role in shaping the urban planning system. In the historical context, a large number of cities were formed around factories, which were the dominant and starting point in the formation of the city, and the rural areas were later inhabited by the "industrial core".
 In the existing urban planning structure of the city, it is difficult to find areas for construction in the center or on the borders of already established districts. Most industrial giants in Ukraine were created during the industrialization of the country in the 1930s. Entire cities were built around the factories under construction. On land plots outside the city limits or on the territories of decaying industrial enterprises, "ghost" areas are formed, which only hint that there was once a large production facility. Former zones of industrial enterprises and factories form empty territories in the dense urban development, with gaping holes in the city plan, surrounded by established residential areas. A similar situation has developed in the city of Zaporizhzhia.
 The city, which gained industrial development between the October Revolution and the Great Patriotic War, was home to Dniproges, Zaporizhstal, Dnipro Aluminum Plant, Zaporizhkoks, and others. Nowadays, the city is home to both city-forming enterprises (metallurgical and chemical industries) and a fairly large number of other industrial enterprises of various classes, some of which have long been outdated and decayed.
 The prerequisites for the renovation of post-industrial areas were considered, as well as the prospects for the impact of the renovation on the basis of the existing domestic and foreign experience were revealed.
 A number of different factors affecting renovation processes in the existing urban planning situation with the influence of all existing and possible processes have been identified.
 Prerequisites for the renovation of deteriorating industrial facilities and their territories are determined, using the example of the city of Zaporizhzhia Aluminum Plant.

The Urbanization Crisis and the Transformation of Urban Settlement System in Khabarovsk Krai in the 1990s – 2010s

The post-Soviet history of the urbanization process in Russia is still poorly understood both empirically and conceptually. The scarce geography of regional studies, the low level of integration of domestic scientists into international discussions still limit our ability to construct medium-level theories explaining the multi-vector trends in the development of Russian cities and urban-type settlements in the 1990s–2010s. The specific experience of urbanization of the regions of the Far East in this regard seems to be highly important due to its historical and regional originality. The article focuses on the processes of transformation of urban settlement system in the Khabarovsk Krai in the late 1980s–2010s. The study is based on the complex of methods of historical science;its source base includes official statistical data and regulatory documents of the federal, regional and local levels. The author concludes that the last three decades in the history of urban settlements of Khabarovsk Krai can be defined as a period of urbanization crisis. Substantially, this crisis manifested in the loss by cities and urban-type settlements of the region of part (and somewhere, all) of the city-forming enterprises – the economic base, prospects for economic growth; in the reorganization of 14 out of 31 urban-type settlements into rural settlements; in a significant reduction in the population of 6 out of 7 cities (except Khabarovsk) and all urban-type settlements of the region. Not a single new urban-type settlement was created in the region in the 1990s–2010s, and the existing ones did not receive any real grounds for receiving the city status. Only Khabarovsk remains the main support of the region, generating agglomeration and suburbanization processes around it. At the same time, due to Komsomolsk-on-Amur and, to a lesser extent, small towns in the region, the urban settlement system in the region still remains polycentric.

THE PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF UTILIZATION OF SEWAGE SLUDGE AND RECLAMATION OF DISTURBED LANDS IN THE NORTH-WEST OF RUSSIA AND WAYS TO SOLVE THEM JOINTLY

This review article raises the related issue of disturbed land reclamation and sewage sludge disposal. One of the components of disturbed land reclamation is considered - the problem of obtaining the most accessible and cheap fertile soil layer in sufficient quantity, options are listed: natural humus horizon; substrates based on peat of varying degrees of decomposition, based on wood waste from logging and woodworking, based on composts (leaf litter, agricultural waste, other). The main emphasis is placed on substrates based on municipal sewage sludge and pulp and paper mill waste, on the basis of which, during processing, organo-mineral compositions can be obtained with their further use as fertile soil layer. Gaps are noted in the modern regulatory framework, especially in relation to the use of sewage sludge as a fertile soil layer for the reclamation of disturbed land, including on forest fund lands. As an example, the situation with the use and disposal of sewage sludge in the Northwestern Federal District was considered based on data on the volume of waste production at existing wastewater treatment plants. Three categories of sewage sludge are distinguished by composition and two main methods of disposal currently used (incineration and removal to municipal service waste landfills). Separately, attention is focused on the situation with the accumulation of sewage sludge at wastewater treatment plants in settlements, including those with a pulp and paper mill as a city-forming enterprise. In conclusion, conclusions are drawn about the need to improve the existing regulatory framework in terms of the use of sewage sludge for the purposes of reclamation, about the priority of developing organo-mineral compositions that meet the tasks of reclamation, giving them an official status, and about the advisability of developing a strategic state document aimed at regulating the issues of reclamation of disturbed lands: the relevance of which is confirmed by the annual increasing areas, passing into the category of disturbed land.

Проблемы и возможности развития моногородов российской Арктики

Broad context of the dynamics and prospects of Russian Arctic development within the framework of achieving its strategic objectives indicates the magnitude of the tasks, the solution of which consists in the actualization of, firstly, the risks and opportunities for environmental and social responsibility of vertically integrated companies, whose production branches conduct their activities in the Arctic, and, secondly, the supportive role of the state as the regulator of conditions for the development of business initiatives. The aims of the study are to identify significant factors that influence the dynamics of socio-economic development and to determine the prospects for the development of single-industry towns in the Russian Arctic. Research methods include bibliographical, comparative, economic and statistical analysis. The study substantiates the critical factors limiting the development opportunities of single-industry towns in the Russian Arctic. The first group is represented by the state of mineral resource base, which determines natural limits and cyclicality of production activities of city-forming enterprises. The second group is the global crisis phenomena, producing the dependence of production of city-forming enterprises on the external conjuncture of prices for raw materials and main export items. The third group includes risks of fulfilment of budgetary obligations. Taken together, these factors limit the opportunities for economic diversification of single-industry towns in the Russian Arctic and the development of entrepreneurial activity there. It has been revealed that the promising opportunities for the development of single-industry towns in the Russian Arctic are limited by the priority areas of investment activities of vertically integrated companies and imperfect state instruments of development support. The practical significance of the study is determined by the current trajectory of territorial development within the framework of the global strategy for sustainable development of extractive industries of a city-forming nature that takes into account not only risks, but also opportunities.

МОНОГОРОДА КУЗБАССА: САНКЦИОННОЕ ДАВЛЕНИЕ, МЕРЫ СОПРОТИВЛЕНИЯ

In modern reality, during the period of severe sanctions pressure, single-industry cities in Russia operate in conditions of increased socio-economic risk. Such settlements, as a rule, are associated either with industrial production or with mining. With their help, enormous territories of Russia have been mastered with the “binding” of people’s places of residence to the production itself. The article considers the concept of a single-industry city as a specific form of a social institution. The aim of the work is to identify the specifics of the sanctions pressure on single-industry cities of Kuzbass, mechanisms using the principle of territorial focused preferential incentives in solving the problem of single-industry cities, as well as the formulation of proposals to solve the problems of single-industry municipalities. The research is based on the hypothesis about the possibility of solving the problem of single-industry cities of Kuzbass through rehabilitation through industrial diversification. According to the results of the research, the author’s team proposed a way of industrial diversification to remove the settlements of Kuzbass from the category of single-industry cities. The choice of this trajectory focuses not on subsidies from the state, but on the use of settlements’ own resources, the development of natural resources of the region, the development of new types of business, the development of turnkey engineering solutions, the modernization of production facilities based on modern technologies, the implementation of infrastructure projects based on public-private partnership. The scope of application of the results of the work is the single-industry cities of Kuzbass, as well as other industrially developed settlements of Russia with city-forming enterprises.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ВІДРОДЖЕННЯ МОРСЬКИХ ПРИБЕРЕЖНИХ СПОЛУЧЕНЬ

Urban transport infrastructure considers the specifics of geographical location, climatic zones, specifics of industrial development, attraction to the areas of concentration and distribution of freight and passenger flows. The National transport strategy of Ukraine for the period up to year 2030 highlights the need to expand the availability of transport services by implementing regional mobility projects based on the use of advanced technologies. Urban traffic includes various kinds of transport, which provides passenger and cargo transportation in cities, settlements and suburban areas. Urban transport is categorized to passenger, commercial and special-purpose vehicles. Passenger transport is a public transport, which includes street and off-street types. In this research, the focus is concentrated on a systemic image of the location and potential use of coastal marine passenger transport as a variant of off-street public transport types. On the basis of statistical data, the assessment of the main factors that characterize the needs for mass passenger transportation is given. It is shown that: according to the population density indicator Odessa takes the first place among the largest cities of Ukraine; with a relatively stable number of population there is an intensive increase in its mobility. As for the factor of the industry affiliation, the Odessa Commercial Sea Port has been the city-forming enterprise since its foundation up to the present time, and sea transport plays a decisive role in the life of the entire City. The general structure of the urban passenger transport in its composition of street and off-street types of public and private use at the present time is detailed. It is defined that the existing problems in the transport situation, as well as the fully open market of coastal maritime connections create conditions for the initiation and implementation of appropriate projects. Such projects targeting is aimed at: reducing the traffic intensity on the main routes of traditional street types of urban transport; ensuring fast and comfortable passenger transportation; improving the environmental situation by taking part of the traffic flow outside of city, limits and cleaner gasoline engines atmosphere emissions, as well as with the maintaining and enhancing the tourist component.Keywords: urban transport, off-street transport, maritime coastal connections, project management.