City Engineers Research Articles

TAFEL POLARIZATION AND IMPEDANCE STUDIES OF AL-7075 ALLOY AND ITS COMPOSITES IN DIFFERENT MEDIUM.

16Sep 2019 TAFEL POLARIZATION AND IMPEDANCE STUDIES OF AL-7075 ALLOY AND ITS COMPOSITES IN DIFFERENT MEDIUM Sravanthi M. , K. G. Manjunatha , Saifulla Khan and Sunitha N. Assistant professor, Department of Chemistry,AMC Engineeing College, Banneerghatta Main Road, Bangalore,Karnataka-560083, India. Prof. and HOD R&D Centre, Department of Engineering Chemistry, Ghousia College of Engineering, Ramanagaram, Bangalore, Karnataka-56215, India. Assistant professor, Department of Chemistry, Ghousia college of Engineering, B.M Road, Ramanagaram – Bangalore, Karnataka-562159, India. Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, City Engineering College, Kanakapura Road, Bangalore, Karnataka-560083, India.

Exploring the associated factors for multiple-threats and near-miss incidents at signalized midblock crosswalks

This study explores the associated factors for multiple-threats and near-miss incidents resulting from drivers yielding right-of-way at signalized midblock crosswalks. It utilized observational survey data collected from 15 crosswalks located in Las Vegas, Nevada. The study sites are signalized with yellow flash-based signals. The descriptive analysis revealed that 5.61% and 1.56% of all 3976 driver-pedestrian interactions were multiple-threat and near-miss incidents, respectively. Due to the rarity of the events, traditional logistic regression (TLR) and rare events logistic regression (RELR) were applied and compared. The RELR performed slightly better than TLR in modeling near-miss events. The modeling results revealed that the odds of near-miss incident occurrences are about five times higher in the presence of multiple-threat incidents. The common factors associated to a high likelihood of multiple-threat and near-miss incidents are number of lanes, high incoming vehicle speeds, and time taken to yield right-of-way. A narrow-raised median, high vehicle density, and green lights at the next intersection downstream of the crosswalk are associated with an increased likelihood of multiple-threat incidents, whereas near-miss incidents are positively associated with residential land use, inner and outer turning lanes, and night time. These study findings can be used by city engineers and planners.

Choreographing the city: Can dance practice inform the engineering of sustainable urban environments?

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we aim to demonstrate that choreographic practice has the potential to offer new insights into the engineering of sustainable urban infrastructure and environments. Identifying urban mobility as an ideal starting point to discuss the potential overlaps between engineering and choreographic thinking, we briefly outline the notion of sustainability as it pertains to a key area of city engineering – urban transport. Arguing that transport is one of the most critical issues in creating socially and environmentally sustainable urbanism, we draw on studies of engineering to show how its working cultures and epistemologies prevent it from undergoing the transformation that would allow it to effectively address the issues posed by sustainable transport. The focus of the paper is what we believe to be a comprehensive survey of the few conceptual and practical experiments that have been undertaken in using choreographic techniques to explain or design the way people move in cities, in scholarship and design practice. We conclude by arguing that there is great potential to expand on these experiments as ways to address the cultural and epistemological limits within engineering, and calling for practice-based research that shows what impact this would have on its processes and outcomes.

Use of Engineering College Libraries by Students and Faculty Members in Pune City: A Comparative Study

The present study is focused on the use of engineering college libraries by students and faculty members. Although numerous studies are carried out on the use of libraries few studies are focused on engineering institutions. The objective of this study is to envisage the significance of libraries in engineering colleges of Pune city meant for students and faculty members. This study has used the survey method and distributed questionnaire and collected data in person. Undergraduate and Post Graduate engineering students and regular faculty members of Pune city engineering colleges are considered for this study. Engineering college libraries are broadly used once in a week for one hour during morning and afternoon hours to study, issue/return of books, refer books and to read the newspaper. This type of study may also be conducted in management, pharmacy, and architecture institutes.

Bicycle-Route Choice Model Incorporating Distance and Perceived Risk

AbstractIn recent years, concerns about traffic congestion and human health have led to programs that encourage bicycle use. To aid bicycle planners and city engineers in providing useful facilitie...

Urban noise recognition with convolutional neural network

Urban noise recognition play a vital role in city management and safety operation, especially in the recent smart city engineering. Exiting studies on urban noise recognition are mostly based on conventional acoustic features, such as Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) and Linear Prediction Cepstral Coefficients (LPCC), and the shallow structure based classifiers, such as support vector machine (SVM). However, the urban acoustic environment is complicated and changeable. Conventional acoustic representation and recognition methods may be insufficient in characterizing urban noises, and generally suffer from a degraded performance. In this paper, we study the recent deep neural network based urban noise recognition. The log-Mel-spectrogram, namely, the FBank feature is first derived for acoustic representation. Then, the FBank spectrum constructed with a set of FBank feature vectors from multiple acoustic signal frames is fed to a convolutional neural network (CNN) for urban noise recognition. Comprehensive studies on the dimension of FBank spectrums and the parameters in CNN, including the size of learnable kernels, the dropout rate, and the activation function, etc., are presented in the paper. An acoustic database collected in real environment covering 11 most common urban noises with more than 56,000 samples is constructed for model verification and performance evaluation. In addition, the traditional LPCC and MFCC acoustic feature combining with two popular machine learning algorithms, extreme learning machine (ELM) and support vector machine (SVM), and the FBank image feature combining with extreme learning machine (ELM), hierarchical extreme learning machine (H-ELM) and multilayer extreme learning machine (ML-ELM), have also been presented for discussions. Experimental results show that the proposed method generally outperforms conventional shallow structure based classifiers.

KYIV SMALL RIVERS IN METROPOLIS WATER OBJECTS SYSTEM

Abstract. The article answers the question, what really are the small underground rivers with artificial watercourses: water bodies or city engineering infrastructure objects? The place of such rivers in metropolis water objects system is identified. The ecological state and the degree of urbanization of small rivers, as well as the dynamics of change in these indicators are analysed on the Kiev city example with the help of water objects cadastre. It was found that the registration of small rivers in Kyiv city is not conducted, and the summary information on such water objects is absent and is not taken into account when making managerial decisions at the urban level. To solve this problem, we propose to create some water bodies accounting system (water cadastre).

Assessing the Potential of Low-Impact Development Techniques on Runoff and Streamflow in the Templeton Gap Watershed, Colorado

This study examines how the impact of impervious surface in the Templeton Gap watershed (Colorado) could be reduced through the use of low-impact development (LID) strategies. LID is a sustainable stormwater approach to land management that retains runoff close to the source by preserving natural landscape features and limiting imperviousness. Our research indicates that LID techniques could reduce peak flows generated by stormwater runoff, allow city engineers to restore the stream channel to a more natural state, and improve the safety of residents and the security of property below the levee. This study developed a model of the Templeton Gap watershed and its associated stormwater infrastructure using the Stormwater Management Model (SWMM) developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Specifically designed for small urban watersheds, SWMM allows users to accurately represent stormwater runoff dynamics and project the impact of hypothetical LID features such as porous pavement, rain gardens, and infiltration trenches on runoff and streamflow.

Floating Cities and How to Supply the Energy and Welfare in Them

With the growing population in the island nations and urbanization, the people of such countries faced with land shortage for life and population ratio in such countries increases. So, the city engineers think about land revival to give people welfare in their life. For several years, the phenomenon has been floating city. The aim of this study was to examine how to supply the energy and welfare in floating cities. This research is performed by review on document-library. Advantage to benefit them and their role in economic and social development is reviewed and in continuing, studied the sample of floating cities. Then, manner of supply of energy and welfare in such countries are reviewed. Undoubtedly, benefiting the experiments of different countries in this field may help the politicians and planners in order to benefit in optimum in urban design

Multi-tier method using infrared photography and GPR to detect and locate water leaks

Abstract This paper presents newly developed method for detecting and locating leaks in water distribution networks utilizing two detection techniques; ground penetrating radar (GPR) and infrared photography (IR). The experimental work and field investigation were carried out over 2 years in three locations in City of Doha, Qatar to capture 115 IR image frames and 23 GPR image frames. Firstly, GPR technology is utilized to accurately define location of buried pipes. After locating these pipes, IR images are collected for simulated and actual leaks. The developed algorithm segments each image into leakage and non-leakage areas and the centroid of each leakage is calculated using Green's theorem. Subsequently, GPR images are introduced as a second layer and overlaid with IR images to compare pipes location with leak location. The method was successfully applied to detect simulated and actual leaks in summer and winter seasons with small margin of error (2.9–5.6%) in estimating leakage areas. When examining the investigated four operating conditions, it was found that the developed method can predict leaks in a more reliable way if the camera height is 2 m and the speed is 1.65 m/s in both simulated and actual leaks. The newly developed method is robust and can aid operators and city engineers in detecting and locating water leaks with high accuracy.

Green and Friendly Communication for Sensor Networks

1School of Network Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China 2School of Electronic Engineering, The RINCE Institute, Dublin City University, Research and Engineering Building, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland 3School of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210000, China 4School of Systems Information Science, Future University Hakodate, Hakodate 041-8655, Japan

Mindfully implementing simulation tools for supporting pragmatic design inquiries

Based upon a conceptualization of the engineering design process as pragmatic inquiry, this paper introduces a framework for supporting designers and design managers with a better understanding of the trade-offs required for a successful implementation of simulation tools. This framework contributes to the field of technology implementation research by extending the four principles of mindfulness—accounting for novelty, alertness to distinctiveness, sensitivity to different contexts, and awareness of multiple perspectives—to the realm of implementing simulation tools within design organizations. At the same time, the framework contributes to engineering project organization theory, by providing a structured manner of organizing an engineering design effort that is resourcefully supported by simulation tools and the capabilities these tools offer. The paper illustrates these contributions by applying the framework to retrospectively analyse the implementation of a traffic simulation tool within the setting of municipal city engineering

Buildings and dwellings of Krakow in the 16th-17th century - descriptions contained in the city deeds

12.00 “Wiertelnicy” - those were City officers appointed by the City Council to oversee the construction industry in the old Krakow. Preserved in the state Archives are the City books of records that contain minutes and rapports regarding the activities of the “Wiertelnics” – often referred to as the “construction police” or as it probably would be more adequate the old-time city engineers. The “wiertelniks“ conducted site reviews. The preserved documentation of their activities such as divisions and subdivisions of real property; preformed estimates of value of real property; damage assessment (particularly, as it was pertaining to border or division walls, and prescription of construction works that were necessary to ensure building and construction safety constitutes an very important source of historic documentation in regard to city engineering as it allows to follow not only the history of the physical constructions of buildings and dwellings themselves, but also the technology and technical solutions i.e. plumbing or other necessary adaptations needed by particular workshops or craftsmen's sites. It can be observed that some solutions that were used by the owners of the buildings were frequently cost driven and consequently of a very provisory nature. Later on, much greater investments were necessary to avoid imminent “construction catastrophes”. The information contained in the City public records of the “Wiertelnik’s Deeds” give also some insights that are not directly related to the construction requirements or activities themselves, but were the predominant factors that determined the physical shape of the building or a site. Normal 0 21 false false false PL X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4

Experiences with Adaptive Signal Control in Germany

Germany has a long tradition of traffic-actuated and -coordinated signal control. In recent years a specific approach to traffic actuation called a model-based system, or adaptive control, has found its way into practice. In the city of Muenster, Germany, the coordinated signal control system on the 6-km-long arterial Albersloher Weg, with 24 signalized intersections, has been completely renewed in a three-step process involving the old system, a rule-based traffic-actuation system, and an adaptive system. An empirical evaluation of this process by a university research team showed that conventional actuated signal control improved traffic performance in the first step. Additional significant improvement (as much as 30%) in traffic flow performance could be achieved by implementing Motion, an adaptive signal control system. However, further developments are required to meet the expectations of city engineers and road users. In particular, switching between optimized signal plans, which is an essential feature of the Motion system, must be improved.

Experiences with Adaptive Signal Control in Germany

Germany has a long tradition of traffic-actuated and -coordinated signal control. In recent years a specific approach to traffic actuation called a model-based system, or adaptive control, has found its way into practice. In the city of Muenster, Germany, the coordinated signal control system on the 6-km-long arterial Albersloher Weg, with 24 signalized intersections, has been completely renewed in a three-step process involving the old system, a rule-based traffic-actuation system, and an adaptive system. An empirical evaluation of this process by a university research team showed that conventional actuated signal control improved traffic performance in the first step. Additional significant improvement (as much as 30%) in traffic flow performance could be achieved by implementing Motion, an adaptive signal control system. However, further developments are required to meet the expectations of city engineers and road users. In particular, switching between optimized signal plans, which is an essential feature of the Motion system, must be improved.

Hybrid nature: sewage treatment and the contradictions of the industrial ecosystem

Review: Hybrid Nature: Sewage Treatment and the Contradictions of the Industrial Ecosystem Schneider, Daniel. Hybrid Nature: Sewage Treatment and the Contradictions of the Industrial Ecosystem. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2011. 360pp. ISBN 9780262516389. US$25.00, alkaline paper. Sewage treatment plants are essential to cities. They address waste problems and ensure healthier urban populations and spaces. In Hybrid Nature, Daniel Schneider shows that they have broader ramifications. He argues that sewage treatment plants in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Great Britain and the United States were industrial ecosystems, combining natural and artificial processes and environments to produce resources for human consumption. Schneider also illustrates that they were ripe with environmental, labor, social, economic, and legal contradictions that shaped cities and humans' views of nature. In doing so, he explores the transformation of sewage and weaves a narrative about changes in society and human attempts to make sense of a world where technology and nature blend together. Schneider focuses on the interactions between nature and industry within sewage treatment plants. He details how city engineers utilized biological processes, including activated sludge and the septic tank, to create ecosystems that treat sewage and transform it into a useful product. At the same time, they simplified and intensified the processes in the name of control and efficiency, and the biological components of sewage treatment increasingly resembled manufacturing procedures rather than nature. In other words, Schneider says sewage treatment plants and the broader industrial ecosystem developed through both naturalization and denaturing. Sewage treatment plants also put a spotlight on broader contradictions and conflicts characterizing cities and industrial ecosystems. Schneider shows how nature became a source of political, social, and economic contention. Public and private interests clashed over attempts to patent biological sewage treatment processes. Educated professionals squared offagainst sewage plant operators with hands-on experience for control over the labor and nature of waste management. The high price of sewage treatment forced cities to choose between producing costlier, purified sewage or less healthy, profitable fertilizer. Schneider also shows how these types of contradictions extended beyond sewage treatment plants and outside of cities. …

Municipal disconnect: On abject water and its urban infrastructures

Infrastructural practices, made by the manipulations of pumps, pipes and hydraulic expertise, play a critical role in managing urban populations. Drawing on two years of ethnographic research in Mumbai, in this article I show how Muslim settlers in a northern suburb, are being rendered abject residents of the city. Abjection isn’t not a lack of social and political entitlements, but a denial of them. As Muslim settlers are being pushed down to claim less desirable water through the deliberate inaction of city engineers and technocrats, this article shows the iterative process through which abjection is made through tenuous and contentious infrastructural connections between the government and the governed.

PRESSURE: The PoliTechnics of Water Supply in Mumbai

In Mumbai, most all residents are delivered their daily supply of water for a few hours every day, on a water supply schedule. Subject to a more precarious supply than the city's upper-class residents, the city's settlers have to consistently demand that their water come on “time” and with “pressure.” Taking pressure seriously as both a social and natural force, in this article I focus on the ways in which settlers mobilize the pressures of politics, pumps, and pipes to get water. I show how these practices not only allow settlers to live in the city, but also produce what I call hydraulic citizenship—a form of belonging to the city made by effective political and technical connections to the city's infrastructure. Yet, not all settlers are able to get water from the city water department. The outcomes of settlers' efforts to access water depend on a complex matrix of socionatural relations that settlers make with city engineers and their hydraulic infrastructure. I show how these arrangements describe and produce the cultural politics of water in Mumbai. By focusing on the ways in which residents in a predominantly Muslim settlement draw water despite the state's neglect, I conclude by pointing to the indeterminacy of water, and the ways in which its seepage and leakage make different kinds of politics and publics possible in the city.

Impact of enhanced flow on the flow system and wastewater characteristics of sewage-fed fisheries in India

In this study, we estimated the impact of enhanced flow on shallow wetlands that receive major effluent discharge from an adjoining metropolitan city. The local people use the shallow wetlands for pisciculture. Beginning in 1998, the population of the city began to rise and the amount of effluent discharge increased. The excess load is now a problem for the city engineers, and they plan to manage the sewage by increasing the area of the sewage network. The depth of the wetlands is also decreasing due to an increase in suspended solids. The quantity of the toxic load suspended in the discharge has increased the silt content, which has consequently further reduced the depth of the wetlands. The excess flow on low depth wetlands may cause overflows and destroy both the ecosystem and the livelihood of the local people. In this study, the pattern identification capability of neuro-genetic models was used to estimate the impact of the excess flow on sewage-fed wetlands. Two neural network models were created to estimate whether fisheries can accommodate the enhanced flow. According to the results of this study, the East Kolkata Wetlands, India can accommodate 1450 million litres per day (MLD) of sewage, if the average depth of water is increased to 1.18 m.

Optimizing planned maintenance graphs for collections of engineering network sections

We consider the control problem for maintenance works on a city's engineering networks and for planning capital repairs on a collection of network sections of various purposes.