City District Research Articles

Towards universal health coverage in Vietnam: a mixed-method case study of enrolling people with tuberculosis into social health insurance

BackgroundVietnam’s primary mechanism of achieving sustainable funding for universal health coverage (UHC) and financial protection has been through its social health insurance (SHI) scheme. Steady progress towards access has been made and by 2020, over 90% of the population were enrolled in SHI. In 2022, as part of a larger transition towards the increased domestic financing of healthcare, tuberculosis (TB) services were integrated into SHI. This change required people with TB to use SHI for treatment at district-level facilities or to pay out of pocket for services. This study was conducted in preparation for this transition. It aimed to understand more about uninsured people with TB, assess the feasibility of enrolling them into SHI, and identify the barriers they faced in this process.MethodsA mixed-method case study was conducted using a convergent parallel design between November 2018 and January 2022 in ten districts of Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Quantitative data were collected through a pilot intervention that aimed to facilitate SHI enrollment for uninsured individuals with TB. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 34 participants, who were purposively sampled for maximum variation. Qualitative data were analyzed through an inductive approach and themes were identified through framework analysis. Quantitative and qualitative data sources were triangulated.ResultsWe attempted to enroll 115 uninsured people with TB into SHI; 76.5% were able to enroll. On average, it took 34.5 days to obtain a SHI card and it cost USD 66 per household. The themes indicated that a lack of knowledge, high costs for annual premiums, and the household-based registration requirement were barriers to SHI enrollment. Participants indicated that alternative enrolment mechanisms and greater procedural flexibility, particularly for undocumented people, is required to achieve full population coverage with SHI in urban centers.ConclusionsSignificant addressable barriers to SHI enrolment for people affected by TB were identified. A quarter of individuals remained unable to enroll after receiving enhanced support due to lack of required documentation. The experience gained during this health financing transition is relevant for other middle-income countries as they address the provision of financial protection for the treatment of infectious diseases.

The Agency of Socially Mixed Neighbourhoods Insights from the Historic Centre of Naples

In a city like Naples, the concept of neighbourhood is continuously negotiated and redefined through everyday practices of urban interaction and through the existence of multiple forms of social capital that animate daily life. In the historic centre of the city the negotiation of the neighbourhoods is influenced by the coexistence and close proximity of different social groups, which compels us to think about the significance of the 'agency of place' and how social difference defines the neighbourhood itself. The diverse housing situations and economic activities shape the characteristics of these central neighbourhoods that, crucially, are not captured in formal, administrative definitions of the city's districts. Through the case of the Condominio Sociale divia S. Nicola a Nilo, a city council housing policy to build a socially inclusive block of flats, this article discusses how the coexistence of various inhabitants, social networks, and spatial relationships represent a fundamental feature of the concept of neighbourhood in Naples. In doing so, the article points to the importance of the 'agency of place' and the maintenance of social heterogeneity as key to inclusive urban policies.

Measurement of Food Insecurity in Selected Districts of Kabul City

Food Insecurity has significantly increased in both developed and developing countries, causing suffering for people due to lack of food. Food Insecurity has been mostly observed during major crises, such as the global economic crisis in 2008 and the Covid-19 outbreak in 2019. Despite fundamental efforts in fighting poverty, Afghanistan continues to struggle with food insecurity with a large proportion of its population living below the poverty line. Four districts of Kabul city were measured for Food Insecurity in which people were unable to obtain the necessary calories within 24 hours. At the present time, the social problem of Food Insecurity in Afghanistan is becoming more serious as people’s lives depend on humanitarian aid and donations. The Foster Greer Thorbecke method of measuring Food Insecurity was utilized in this paper to measure Food Insecurity in four selected districts of Kabul city. Household opinions have been collected via questionnaires and in-person interviewing. The results of this research show that District 13 has the highest level of Food Insecurity, with 70% of residents unable to have sufficient food. Subsequently, district 1 has 65% of people unable to have sufficient calories, district 16 has 62 %and district 8 has 61 %. This paper aims to highlight the efforts of Afghanistan in alleviating food insecurity with a focus on the impact of COVID-19, unfair government policies, bad security, weak infrastructure, low literacy level, medical services shortage, high unemployment rate and lack of modern technology that hinder Afghanistan from accessing enough food. We conclude that Afghanistan would need to develop update policies to mitigate food insecurity.

THE ROLE OF THE LOW FIELD MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF THE COMMON SHOULDER JOINT LESIONS

This article reviews the role of the low field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with magnetic field strengths of 0.4 Tesla in the evaluation of the main pathologic conditions of the shoulder joint commonly encountered in clinical practice. Shoulder pain is a common clinical complaint that may be caused by abnormalities of the rotator cuff tendon, labrum and a variety of other pathological conditions. The differential diagnosis is extensive and includes tendinosis and rotator cuff pathology, instability, labral lesions, biceps disorders, radiculopathy, and thoracic outlet syndrome. In older patients, arthritis may even be a factor. The goal of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and diagnostic confidence of an open low field MRI in patients with shoulder joint pain. Our data was obtained from 40 patients: 24 Male (60%) and 16-Female (40%). Their ages ranged between 17 and 70 years. All patients were investigated by conventional X-rays and MRI in the medical diagnostic center of Aden Resonance in Al-Mansoura district in Aden city. MRI was performed at an open 0. 4 Tesla MR-unit (Hitachi - Japan-Aperto Lucent). The study protocol comprised axial, sagittal & coronal STIR-T2 and T1 weighted images of 3-4 mm thickness. 55 patients (52.4%) were investigated by high field MRI 1. 5 T (Neusoft) as a reference method.

Managing Educational Barriers: Innovative Solutions for Female Secondary Education in Pakistan

Education is a fundamental human right and a crucial factor in promoting social and economic development. In Pakistan, female education has been a longstanding issue, with low enrollment rates, high dropout rates, and persistent gender disparities in educational access and outcomes. This research aims to explore the problems and countermeasures of female secondary education in the city district area of Tando Allahyar, Pakistan. The study used quantitative surveys to gather data from female students, teachers, experts, and community members. The results exhibited that poverty, limited access to quality education, and socio-cultural barriers were the main problems faced by female secondary education. Many female students and their families face significant financial challenges, which prevent them from attending school and completing their education. To address these problems, the study concluded that a range of countermeasures, including community engagement and awareness-raising campaigns, targeted investments in infrastructure and resources, and policies that prioritize girls' education and support their access to secondary education. It also concluded that women receive a better education if they are to be included in the productive labor force, which accounts for approximately half of the population. Policy interventions must be tailored to the specific needs of girls and must address the barriers that prevent girls from attending school and completing their secondary education.

Особенности теплового поля города Ростова-на-Дону по данным дистанционного зондирования Земли

Thermal fields of natural and anthropotechnogenic origin are an integral part of the urban habitat, which influences the functioning of its components, as well as determines the conditions of existence of living organisms including humans. Settlements act as areas of formation of extensive temperature anomalies, mainly positive ones, known as urban heat island. This phenomenon was discovered more than 200 years ago and is currently being investigated in detail. However, the study of smaller anomalies - neighbourhood-scaled and local - is also a subject of scientific and practical interest. These heterogeneities in the distribution of thermal energy are caused by the presence or functioning of individual objects, and therefore, on the one hand, have a direct impact on the state of the environment and human living conditions, and on the other hand, are a promising area for the development of environmental engineering and settlement rational arrangement. As part of the conducted research, the main patterns of spatial distribution of the Earth's surface temperature within the Rostov-on-Don city district were identified, as well as the areas of formation of anomalies of local and neighbourhood scale and objects and processes contributing to their formation were identified. The results and conclusions can be used for further study of ecological and geophysical features of urban landscapes, and also have an applied value in determining the direction and consequences of the impact of the advancement of specific types of urban development of the territory.

THE USE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN MUNICIPAL MANAGEMENT (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE LIPETSK CITY DISTRICT)

Background. At the present stage of the development of municipal government, there is an intensive introduction of digital tools that provide solutions to issues of local importance. It seems relevant to generalize the experience of large cities in informatization of the activities of local governments, the dissemination of best practices, and the search for solutions to the problems of digital modernization of municipalities. Materials and methods. The purpose of this article is to study the current practice of using information technology in municipal education management. The empirical basis of the study is the management activities of local self–government bodies of the Lipetsk city district, the administrative center of the Lipetsk region. Traditional theoretical and empirical methods of studying social processes in municipal management are used. Results. It was established that the Lipetsk city administration was able to both adapt the all-Russian electronic platforms and start developing and implementing its own information resources into municipal management. It is concluded that it is advisable to carry out additional explanatory work with the population in the interests of more effective interaction with local governments in the provision of municipal services and solving issues of local importance. Conclusion. The results of the study can be used in the professional activities of municipal employees.

Seroprevalence and renal carriage of pathogenic Leptospira in livestock in Cotonou, Benin.

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease. It is particularly prevalent in tropical countries and has major consequences for human and animal health. In Benin, the disease's epidemiology remains poorly understood, especially in livestock, for which data are lacking. To characterise Leptospira seroprevalence and locally circulating serogroups in livestock from Cotonou and to estimate the prevalence of Leptospira renal carriage in cattle. We conducted a cross-sectional study in February 2020 during which livestock were sampled at an abattoir and in an impoverished city district. We analysed blood samples from 279 livestock animals (i.e. cattle, sheep, goats and pigs) using the microscopic agglutination test. Additionally, samples of renal tissue from 100 cattle underwent 16s rRNA (rrs) real-time PCR analysis. For the 131 cattle, 85 sheep, and 50 goats tested, seroprevalence was 18% (95% confidence interval [CI] [12%, 26%]), 9% (95% CI [4%, 17%] and 2% (95% CI [0%, 9%]), respectively, and most of the seropositive animals were associated with 1:100 titres. All 13 pigs were seronegative. Leptospira DNA was found in the renal tissue of 10% (95% CI [5%, 18%]) of the cattle tested (n=100). Leptospira borgpetersenii was the main species present (n=7), but Leptospira interrogans (n=2) and Leptospira kirschneri (n=1) were also detected. Various serogroups (Canicola, Grippotyphosa, Sejroe, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Pomona, Pyrogenes, Australis and Autumnalis) were detected using microscopic agglutination test without a clear predominance of any of them. These results suggest that abattoir workers and people living in close contact with livestock in poor urban areas are exposed to the risk of Leptospira infection.

Classification and Planning Strategies of Multidimensional Resilience Units for Urban Waterlogging: A Case Study of the Old City District in Shijiazhuang, China

The frequency of urban disasters such as waterlogging has markedly increased, highlighting the urgent need to strengthen urban disaster prevention capabilities and resilience. This research, anchored in the resilience characteristics of robustness, redundancy, resource deploy ability, and rapid response, devised a resilience clustering factor system specifically designed for older urban districts. The old city district of Shijiazhuang, China, was selected as the empirical case study area. This research employs the K-Means++ clustering method to analyze the region’s resilience units against waterlogging. Furthermore, it utilizes the method of pedigree classification to categorize the identified ten types of resilience. Secondly, these were subsequently divided into three primary categories based on a spectrum of strengths and weaknesses within each unit: dominant, mixed, and disadvantaged clustering. This categorization unveiled the unique resilience distribution patterns within the area. The findings of this study reveal a pronounced differentiation in resilience types among the units in Shijiazhuang’s old city district. This spatial analysis highlighted a significant heterogeneity, with a tendency towards cluster formation. The spatial distribution of different resilience unit types was found to be uneven, leading to the emergence of clustered, patch-like, and zonal agglomerations. Combined with the unit clustering classification and the mean clustering performance of each factor, the response unit of waterlogging control resilience planning is determined for the study area, and the strategy of resilience waterlogging control and linkage is proposed. By mapping the spectrum of rainwater resilience types across the studied area, this research broadens the scope of resilience evaluation from a traditional vertical-level assessment to a more comprehensive horizontal typological analysis, offering empirical, theoretical insights for future resilience-building endeavors in older urban districts.

EVALUATION OF GENITAL HYGIENE BEHAVIORS OF FEMALE SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS: IN TURKIYE

<b>Aim:</b> The study was conducted to evaluate the genital hygiene behaviors and orientations habits of female secondary school students in the adolescent period.<br /> <b>Methods:</b> The study was conducted in a descriptive and correlational design between February and June 2022 to determine.<b> </b><br /> The study population consisted of 355 female students studying in all high schools affiliated with the Ministry of National Education in Vize district of Kırklareli province in Turkiye. It aimed to reach the entire population without determining the sample size. As a result, 194 female students who volunteered to participate in the study were included in the sample. In data collection, the "Personal Information Form" and "Genital Hygiene Behavior Scale" were applied using the face-to-face interview method.<br /> <b>Results:</b> It was found that the mean age of the students was 15.74±1.1, the majority of them lived with their parents, more than half of them (67.5%) didn’t receive information about genital care and hygiene, almost all of them (92.3%) used materials for cleaning the genital area, their genital hygiene behaviors were positive, and they thought that they were given inadequate education about hygiene at school or in classes. It was determined that the genital hygiene behaviors and menstrual hygiene of the students living with only a mother or father were more positive, and the use of materials for genital hygiene was higher in the students living in the city center and district compared to the students living in the village.<br /> <b>Conclusion: </b>As a result, it was observed that the mother's education level, family income level, and the person living with her positively affected general hygiene and menstrual hygiene habits.<br /> <b>Keywords:</b> Adolescent, hygiene, genital hygiene, behavior, nursing

Regional Grouping Based on Cubic Water Using K-Means Algorithm at Perumda Air Minum Tirta Silaupiasa Asahan Regency

Perumda Air Minum Tirta Silaupiasa Asahan Regency is a regional company that has the authority to provide clean water consumption needs for the community in Asahan Regency. Currently, clean water needs, especially for households and industries in Asahan Regency, are supplied by Perumda Air Minum Tirta Silaupiasa which is located at Jalan Jend. Ahmad Yani No. 33, Kisaran, Sei Renggas, West Kisaran, Sei Renggas, West Kisaran City District, Asahan Regency, North Sumatra 21213. Currently, the need for clean water for the people of Asahan Regency comes from Perumda Air Minum Tirta Silaupiasa Asahan Regency. However, the amount of clean water provided for people living in areas with high cubic water in Asahan Regency is still relatively small, this is because the Perumda Air Minum Tirta Silaupiasa Asahan Regency does not know which areas have high, medium and low cubic water usage. Therefore, Perumda Air Minum Tirta Silaupiasa Asahan Regency needs to follow up on this problem by grouping areas based on water cubic. To manage the data, a technique is needed that can be used to extract information from the data, the technique is Data Mining. The purpose of this system is to find out how to analyze water cubic data using the K-Means Algorithm and design a website-based system with the PHP programming language and MySQL Database to determine areas with high, medium, and low water cubic. K-means clustering is a data analysis method or data mining method that performs unsupervised modeling and is one of the data clustering methods using a partition system. The data obtained in the recap of cubic water data at Perumda Air Minum Tirta Silaupiasa Asahan Regency for the period 2021-2023. The research method used in this research is quantitative research method. From the results of implementation and testing the results of the calculation of the K-means clustering method are the results of clustering cubic water in the Asahan district area with high water cubic including West Kisaran with a minimum value of 101727.9655 and East Kisaran with a minimum value of 101727.9655. Then in the Asahan district area with medium water cubic including Air Joman with a minimum value of 151144.2025 and Simpang Empat with a minimum value of 151144.2025. Then in the Asahan district area with low water cubic including B.P Mandoge with a minimum value of 66801.4373, Buntu Pane with a minimum value of 105608.8293, Desa Gajah with a value of 59925.2623, Lubuk Palas with a value of 75832.9197, Meranti with a value of 2892.8137, Sei Kamah II with a value of 47997.2206, and Sei Kepayang Barat with a value of 197781.2457.

The first press release about the meetings of football teams in Mykolaіv

Local periodicals of the late 19th and early 20th centuries were studied. and local history literature from the funds of the State Archive of the Mykolaiv Region, the National Library of Ukraine named after V. I. Vernadskyi, the Odesa National Scientific Library, and the Mykolaiv Regional Universal Scientific Library to find out the history of the beginning of the game of football in Mykolaiv. In the shipbuilding city of Mykolaiv, which was previously closed to foreigners, where the headquarters of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Empire was located, the possibility of commercial ships entering began in 1862, when the Commercial Port was opened with permission for the entry of foreign ships to visit and stay in the city of foreigners. Mykolaiv became one of the important ports for grain trade, where many foreign representative offices and banks were opened, commercial shipbuilding began to develop, and the cultural life of the city intensified. According to later local studies, it was established that, based on the memories of contemporaries, the first football meetings in Mykolaiv were started at the end of the 19th century. foreign sailors of merchant ships. Having adopted football traditions from foreigners, in 1901–1902 the teams of the city gymnasium and real school played football, and from 1906, the teams of the mechanical and technical school. At this time, street and district city football teams are created. Despite the fact that the first friendly meetings of football teams took place at the end of the 19th century, reports about the matches appeared in the local press only at the beginning of the 20th century. In 1908, Charles Bate, an employee of the bread office, organized the "Zebra" team, which played with foreigners and teams from educational institutions and sports clubs both in Mykolaiv and Odesa. Football matches took place on adapted sites, first near the Commercial Port, and later in different areas of the city. The referees of the matches were elected collegially from representatives of both opposing teams. Football matches were played according to English rules. The game of football at the time of its coverage in the local press was popular among the townspeople, especially among the youth of educational institutions, intelligentsia, and port workers. Newspaper articles cite examples of the presence of a significant number of spectators and fans, in connection with which the police had to be called in to maintain order. Local periodicals published not only announcements about scheduled meetings of football teams, notes with analysis of matches and their results, but also training schedules and sportsmen's runs around the city. Press publications announcing scheduled meetings, emotions from matches, the opportunity to observe and participate in joint training with popular athletes in the city contributed to the spread of football in the city. Most often, notes about football matches were printed by the "Nikolaevskaya newspaper", popular among the townspeople, with which a sports journalist probably cooperated, who did not indicate his surname or sign his authorship with the cryptonym Z-a.

Impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 13 introduction on severe lower respiratory tract infections associated with respiratory syncytial virus or influenza virus in hospitalized children in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

ObjectivesLimited data indicate a beneficial effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza infections in young children. We evaluated the impact of 13-valent PCV (PCV13) introduction on the incidence of severe lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) associated with RSV or influenza in hospitalized children. MethodsOur study was restricted to children aged <2 years with arterial oxygen saturation <93% and children with radiologically confirmed pneumonia nested in a pneumonia surveillance project in four districts of Ulaanbaatar city, Mongolia. We tested nasopharyngeal swabs collected on admission for RSV and influenza using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The impact of PCV13 on the incidence of LRTI outcomes associated with RSV or with influenza for the period April 2015-March 2020 was estimated. Incidence rate ratios comparing pre- and post-vaccine periods were estimated for each outcome for each district using negative binomial models and for all districts combined with a mixed-effects negative binomial model. Adjusted models accounted for seasonality. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of our findings. ResultsAmong 5577 tested cases, the adjusted incidence rate ratios showed a trend toward a reduction in RSV-associated outcomes: all LRTIs (0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.44-1.36), severe LRTIs (0.88, 95% CI 0.48-1.62), very severe LRTIs (0.76, 95% CI 0.42-1.38), and radiologically confirmed pneumonia (0.66, 95% CI 0.32-1.38) but inconsistent trends in outcomes associated with influenza. ConclusionsNo significant reductions were observed in any outcomes associated with RSV and influenza after PCV introduction.

Study of the Readiness of Specific Services for Senior High School’s Health Clinic in Jayapura

Senior High School (SMA) as an educational institution is responsible for ensuring the healthy environment that supports students' learning activities. However, in reality, the health of the school environment cannot be fully guaranteed. Various previous research studies have found various threats to the health of students originating from within the school environment, such as schools that are not yet free from cigarette smoke. The purpose of this study is to describe the current condition of the availability of School's Health Clinic facilities and infrastructure in high schools in Jayapura City and Jayapura District. The method used was descriptive quantitative approach with cross sectional design and Univariate Analysis. The research instruments refers to the minimum standard of Senior High School's health clinic according to the Regulation of the Minister of National Education of the Republic of Indonesia Number 24 Year 2007. The sample consisted of 32 public and private schools in Jayapura city and Jayapura district. The results showed that there was no extreme difference between the readiness of Senior High School's Health Clinic facilities and infrastructure in Jayapura City and District. However, public schools mostly have more adequate availability of Senior High School's Health Clinic facilities and infrastructure compared to private schools spread across the City and District areas.

Plague, Religion and Urban Space in Sixteenth-Century Antwerp.

Antwerp's response to the outbreak of plague in the 1570s offers new insights into the effects of epidemics on urban communities in relation to their religious, economic, and spatial fabric. Antwerp's transition from a Catholic to Calvinist government in 1577, and back to Catholicism in 1585, allows us to study its reaction to and the effects of plague across religious boundaries within a short time span. Using GIS, we have compared various rich datasets concerning plague: the register of houses locked in quarantine; the health certificates issued by authorities; plague fatalities recorded in St. Jacob's parish; a wide range of urban regulations; and information about the size of households, their composition, rents and real estate values in Antwerp. Combined analysis shows that Catholics and Protestants, whose houses were concentrated in different city districts and who had distinct professional and economic profiles, experienced plague quite differently, both physically and spiritually.

Analysis of Factors Affecting the Growth of MSMEs in the Leading Sector of Capture Fisheries Commodity Processing in Masohi City and Amahai Districts, Central Maluku Regency

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of capital, labor, promotion and sales methods on the turnover of MSMEs in the leading sector of capture fisheries commodity processing in Masohi and Amahai Districts, Central Maluku Regency. For this purpose, a sample of 32 MSME actors was taken as respondents. The collected data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results showed that capital and labor had a positive and significant effect on MSME sales turnover, while promotion had a positive but not significant effect while the sales method had a negative and insignificant effect. .

Determination of the minimum soil infiltration rate of sunken green space considering the annual runoff collection ratio, sunken depth and sunken green space area of Hefei city, China.

Sunken green space is one of the urban rainwater collection facilities, which belongs to Low Impact Development (LID) techniques. It plays a key role in the construction of sponge city, and the amount of runoff collection is usually affected by the area of the sunken green space, the infiltration rate of the soil, and the annual runoff collection rate. To determine the minimum soil infiltration rate of sunken green space considering the annual runoff collection ratio of sponge cities, this paper selects a residential district in Hefei city, China, as the case study. Based on 45 years of precipitation data, the designed rainfall corresponding to annual runoff collection ratios of 75%, 80% and 85% is 21.3 mm, 23.4 mm and 27.5 mm, respectively. The characteristics of rainfall infiltration in sunken green space are analyzed by using the water balance model and runoff yield and conflux model. The results reveal that the soil infiltration rate is 1.16×10-4 cm/s~3.88×10-3 cm/s when the sunken depth is 0.1 m~0.3 m and that the ratio of green space area is 5%~25%. The runoff collection of the reconstructed sunken green space is 2.87 times and 1.98 times that of the nonsunken green space and the nonreconstructed sunken green space, respectively. That is to say, under the comprehensive performance of the sunken depth, sunken green space area, the steady soil infiltration rater of the reconstructed sunken green space cannot be less than the value obtained in this paper. Otherwise, the requirements of annual total runoff reduction ratio of the sponge city cannot be met. Therefore, this study provides references for realizing the ratio of annual runoff collection and sponge city construction in similar urban areas. It can also be applied to optimal selection of sunken green space in some sponge city projects.

Empirical Analysis of the Relationship Between Hospitalization and Mortality in Different Administrative Districts of New York City During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a severe threat to global public health, particularly in New York City, where the impact has been substantial. Against this backdrop, understanding the relationship between hospitalization and mortality, as well as how this relationship is influenced by the economic and healthcare conditions of different regions, becomes an urgent and important research topic. This study aims to explore the relationship between hospitalization and mortality in different administrative districts of New York City (Brooklyn, Bronx, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island) during the COVID-19 pandemic, and further analyze how economic development and healthcare conditions affect this relationship. Utilizing data provided by the New York City Department of Public Health, two differently configured regression models are employed for analysis. Model 1 solely considers the impact of hospitalization numbers on mortality numbers, while Model 2 further incorporates area and time as control variables. These findings not only provide significant insights into the geographical and socio-economic differences in the pandemic but also offer targeted suggestions for policy-making.

Insecticide Susceptibility and KDR Mutations in Aedes Albopictus Collected from Seven Districts of Guangyuan city, Northern Sichuan, China.

The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, is an important vector of chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever, and Zika viruses. Vector control remains an important means for the prevention and control of vector-borne diseases. The development of insecticide resistance has become a serious threat to the efficacy of insecticide-based control programs. To understand the resistance status and the underlying genetic mechanism in mosquitoes in Guangyuan City of Sichuan Province, China, we investigated the susceptibility of Ae. albopictus to four commonly used insecticides. We found that all the examined populations were susceptible to malathion and propoxur. However, Ae. albopictus populations in Guangyuan showed a possible resistance to the two tested pyrethroids (beta-cypermethrin and deltamethrin). Notably, phenotypic resistance to deltamethrin was detected in 2 of the 7 populations. The potential of resistance to pyrethroids was confirmed by the presence of knockdown resistance (kdr) related mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel. Four kdr mutations (V1016G, I1532T, F1534L, and F1534S) were identified to be present alone or in combination, and their distribution displayed significant spatial heterogeneity. These findings are helpful for making evidence-based mosquito control strategies and highlight the need to regularly monitor the dynamics of pyrethroid resistance in this city.

Participant Opinions on the Effectiveness and Classroom Applicability of Erasmus+ School Education Staff Mobility (KA101) Projects on New Technologies - Digital Skills

This study aimed to determine the contribution of teachers and administrators who took part in the projects on ICT - new technologies - digital skills carried out in the field of Erasmus+ main action 1 school education staff mobility KA101, one of the EU education programmes. In this study, mixed research method was used, and an embedded mixed design was applied. The interview form was used to collect qualitative data and the Participants' Opinions on the Effectiveness and Classroom Implementation of ICT New Technologies - Digital Skills Themed Erasmus+ School Education Staff Mobility (KA101) Projects were used to collect quantitative data. The research group consists of teachers and administrators who have carried out ICT New Technologies - Digital Skills themed Erasmus+ projects between 2014-2020 in different schools and levels in Konya city centre and districts. As a result of the analysis, it was concluded that the participants learned new teaching methods and techniques after the project and started to apply them in their classrooms. In addition, it was observed that the training received by the participants was innovative, improved their digital skills, increased the quality of education at school, provided permanent learning and increased the motivation of the participants. It was also revealed that teachers' and administrators' participation in projects improves their digital skills, they learn new teaching methods and techniques, they can transfer the skills they have acquired to the classroom environment and thus contribute positively to permanent learning and increasing the quality of education.