City District Research Articles

Description of the Behavior of Chilli Farmers in the Use of Pesticides in Nagari Andiang, Suliki District Fifty City District

The problem that is often faced in the use of pesticides in the field is the incorrect amount, time, and type of application as a result of the user's lack of knowledge and awareness regarding the correct application of pesticides. From the initial service carried out by researchers, it was seen that several farmers were still not implementing appropriate pesticide applications, such as not wearing personal protective equipment in the form of masks, gloves, and so on. This research aims to describe the behavior of vegetable farmers in pesticide application. This type of research is descriptive and quantitative with a population of 2,361 people and a sample of 48 people. Data was collected from January – March 2024. Data was collected by conducting an initial survey and questionnaire measuring tools. Based on the research conducted, it was discovered that as many as 26 people with a percentage of 54.17% of the sampled chili farmers had low knowledge of pesticide application. As many as 21 people with a percentage of 43.75% of chili farmers had a negative attitude towards pesticide application and as many as 19 people with a percentage of 39.58% had unfavorable attitudes towards pesticide application. It is recommended that the Head of Nagari Wali coordinate with PPL (Field Agricultural Officers) to socialize appropriate and correct pesticide application, so that vegetable farmers maintain their attitude during this time, such as getting used to showering after spraying pesticides and using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) during pesticide application.

Forehand Smash Badminton Training Models For U-13 And U-15 Athletes

Purpose – This research aims to provide variation of training and improve the results of smash badminton training especially smash accuracy. Design/methodology/approach – This research is research and development using the Borg and Gall model. The research site is at PB Jaya Raya Metland Jakarta with test models and test instruments in several clubs in the city and Bekasi district. Findings – There are three types of training models developed: footwork and shadow smash, plyometric and drill training models, and game patterns and situation models using Denatara BISA (Badminton Integrated Smash Accuracy) Smash Training Model.Research limitations/implications – The focus of this research is on the urgency of occurring minimal variation of the smash training model for athletes U-13 (age 11-12 years) and U-15 (age 13-14 years) according to the division of age groups listed in the PP PBSI regulations.Practical implications – With implications on the variable training model combined with technology-based test instruments can drive athletes in smash practice and can improve the results of smash training especially its accuracy.Originality/value – This research is relevant to the National Research Master Plan (RIRIN) related to the application of technological innovation especially in the field of education and sports.

An Assessment of Landscape Perception Using a Normalised Naturalness Index in the Greater Seoul Area

This study analysed the greater Seoul area (GSA) in terms of naturalness, a representative indicator of natural scenic beauty, and created an assessment map, shifting from a traditional urban development perspective to a landscape perspective. It also developed a “normalised naturalness index” by combining the results of the expert metric score with the Hemeroby index, which was used as a naturalness assessment representative item. Then, it interpreted the naturalness status of the GSA landscape characteristics. As a result, the landscape of the GSA demonstrates the following five characteristics: First, the central business districts in the capital city of Seoul are densely developed areas with a very high degree of human intervention. Second, the satellite cities built to solve Seoul’s housing and logistics problems are rated as “a little less, but still heavily humanised” as a landscape characteristic. These areas are becoming increasingly humanised. Also, it is worth noting that the third characteristic, regarding moderate landscape areas, has a distinctly different meaning for areas outside of the city boundary, as well as those within the city boundary. Although these areas are in the same statistical category, they have two different meanings: one is the area where the average values converged on “moderate” by virtue of urban forests near the city centre, and the other is the area outside of Seoul that has a Hemeroby value of 0.5–0.6, which refers to open spaces such as agricultural lands, wetlands, or coastal areas. Fourth, suburban forests are reserved with legal restrictions to curb excessive urban sprawl, as well as parts of the demilitarised zone along the border areas of North and South Koreas. The last landscape characteristic is illustrated in the scenic area of the eastern woodlands. The normalised landscape naturalness index developed through this study provides an overall understanding of the environmental state of the GSA. Future research may build on the results of this study to refine methods for assessing public perceptions of naturalness.

Analisa Etika Bisnis Islam Terhadap Praktek Sewa Menyewa Kamar Kost

In general, renting out boarding rooms is a component of the corporate world, which is expanding significantly across all industries. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the regularity of boarding room rentals. Find out how muamalah fiqh analysis relates to the practice of renting daily boarding rooms in Mekar Baru Village, Kota Kisaran Barat District, Asahan Regency is the formulation used in this research. In addition, a review of muamalah fiqh regarding the practice of renting boarding rooms that are still in the first party tenancy period in Mekar Baru Village, Kisaran City District, and a problem formulation regarding the status of boarding room utilization factors during the rental period in Kota Kisaran Barat District, Asahan Regency are addressed in this research Asahan Regency, West.All data or references that have been collected are analyzed and rearranged, and in this case, rental practice uses a descriptive analytical approach. The study's findings suggest that it is against Islamic law and the terms of the ijarah contract for certain locations in Mekar Baru Village, Kota Kisaran Barat District, Asahan Regency, to rent out boarding rooms to outside parties. Practices that take place between the owner and the third-party tenant, or second tenant, do not adhere to the principles, requirements, or aspects of ijarah. Since the original renter still has the right to rent the room, the owner of the boarding room rental should pay the first tenant after being open and honest with them about any transactions they do with other parties.

Spillover effects of business improvement districts on residential housing values: a focus on the northern region in Los Angeles county, California

ABSTRACT In response to the decline in commercial areas, there has been a growing interest in the implementation of Business Improvement Districts (BIDs) in large developed cities in North America. However, there is limited understanding of whether BIDs have economic effects on surrounding neighbourhoods. This study aims to answer the following research question: do BIDs positively affect nearby residential properties? To analyze the influence of BIDs on the housing market, we examined single- and multi-family home sale transactions between 1995 and 2007 in the City of Los Angeles, California. We employed the Adjusted Interrupted Time Series Difference in Differences (AITS DID) model to analyze changes in both the price levels and trends of housing values, and to establish the causal impact associated with the implementation of BIDs. Our findings show that the implementation of BIDs had a significant impact on the value of properties located within a 1/2 mile of the BIDs in single- and multi-family homes, as well as in low-income neighbourhoods. The findings from this study will provide valuable insights for planners, residents, and local governments to better comprehend the heterogeneous nature of spillover effects associated with BID programs.

APPLICATION OF K-MEANS AND FUZZY C-MEANS ALGORITHMS TO DETERMINE FLOOD VULNERABILITY CLUSTERS (CASE STUDY: KUTAI KARTANEGARA REGENCY)

Flooding show situation where areas that are not usually inundated, such as farmland and settlements, and city district areas, become inundated due to water. Floods can to occur when the flow of water on rivers or waste channels overrun its normal measurements. This study describes the K-Means and Fuzzy C-Means Algorithm methods for clustered flood-prone areas built on Districts in Kutai Kartanegara Regency. This research begins with data collection in the character of rainfall, land elevation, the number of victims affected, the quantity of damaged houses, the quantity of damage to facilities and the quantity of flood events. Before the data is processed using these two methods, data normalization will be carried out in a dataset which aims to shape the data into positional values from the same range. K-Means and Fuzzy C-Means are accustomed to identifying groups in each sub-district in Kutai Kartanegara Regency that have a level of vulnerability to floods. At this stage, 3 initial clusters were carried out, namely high, medium, and low vulnerability clusters. The validity test produces a Silhouette Index value of 0.574283589 and a Partition Coefficient Index of 0.78905. The outcome of the K-Means method with the standard deviation within and between clusters are 0.5131 and the Fuzzy C-Means method for the standard deviations within and between clusters is 0.3489. based uppon value of the silhouette index, partition coefficient index and standard deviation within and between clusters it results that Fuzzy C-Means is the best method of this study.

Designing Digital Voting Systems for Citizens: Achieving Fairness and Legitimacy in Participatory Budgeting

Participatory Budgeting (PB) has evolved into a key democratic instrument for resource allocation in cities. Enabled by digital platforms, cities now have the opportunity to let citizens directly propose and vote on urban projects, using different voting input and aggregation rules. However, the choices cities make in terms of the rules of their PB have often not been informed by academic studies on voter behaviour and preferences. Therefore, this work presents the results of behavioural experiments where participants were asked to vote in a fictional PB setting. We identified approaches to designing PB voting that minimise cognitive load and enhance the perceived fairness and legitimacy of the digital process from the citizens’ perspective. In our study, participants preferred voting input formats that are more expressive (like rankings and distributing points) over simpler formats (like approval voting). Participants also indicated a desire for the budget to be fairly distributed across city districts and project categories. Participants found the Method of Equal Shares voting rule to be fairer than the conventional Greedy voting rule. These findings offer actionable insights for digital governance, contributing to the development of fairer and more transparent digital systems and collective decision-making processes for citizens.

Fostering public sector employees’ citizen-oriented boundary-spanning behaviors through human resource flexibility and employee perceptions of normative public values

Purpose Public sector employees’ contributions play a crucial role in improving public service quality and promoting the image of public organizations. The aim of this research is to unravel how and when human resource (HR) flexibility activates citizen-oriented boundary-spanning behaviors among public sector employees.Design/methodology/approach The data were collected from 427 public sector employees and 102 supervisors working for governmental agencies from the districts of a major city in Vietnam. Multilevel structural equation modeling (MSEM) was employed to analyze the data.Findings The positive associations between HR flexibility and the three dimensions of citizen-oriented boundary-spanning behaviors were supported. Harmonious passion demonstrated a mediating path for such linkages. Employee perceptions of normative public values were found to exert a positive moderating effect on the positive link between HR flexibility and harmonious passion, as well as their indirect link via harmonious passion.Originality/value This study advances the literature by identifying how and when HR flexibility shapes citizen-oriented boundary-spanning behaviors among public sector employees.

A modified spatial house price to income ratio and housing affordability drivers study: using the post-LASSO approach

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop an index for measuring urban house price affordability that integrates spatial considerations and to explore the drivers of housing affordability using the post-least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) approach and the ordinary least squares method of regression analysis. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on time-series data collected from 2005 to 2021 for 256 prefectural-level city districts in China. The new urban spatial house-to-price ratio introduced in this study adds the consideration of commuting costs due to spatial endowment compared to the traditional house-to-price ratio. And compared with the use of ordinary economic modelling methods, this study adopts the post-LASSO variable selection approach combined with the k-fold cross-test model to identify the most important drivers of housing affordability, thus better solving the problems of multicollinearity and overfitting. Findings Urban macroeconomics environment and government regulations have varying degrees of influence on housing affordability in cities. Among them, gross domestic product is the most important influence. Research limitations/implications The paper provides important implications for policymakers, real estate professionals and researchers. For example, policymakers will be able to design policies that target the most influential factors of housing affordability in their region. Originality/value This study introduces a new urban spatial house price-to-income ratio, and it examines how macroeconomic indicators, government regulation, real estate market supply and urban infrastructure level have a significant impact on housing affordability. The problem of having too many variables in the decision-making process is minimized through the post-LASSO methodology, which varies the parameters of the model to allow for the ranking of the importance of the variables. As a result, this approach allows policymakers and stakeholders in the real estate market more flexibility in determining policy interventions. In addition, through the k-fold cross-validation methodology, the study ensures a high degree of accuracy and credibility when using drivers to predict housing affordability.

Photovoltaic-energy storage-integrated charging station retrofitting: A study in Wuhan city

In this study, an evaluation framework for retrofitting traditional electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs) into photovoltaic-energy storage-integrated charging stations (PV-ES-I CSs) to improve green and low-carbon energy supply systems is proposed. Using existing EVCSs in the “10-minute living circle residential areas” of seven central urban districts in Wuhan city, we comprehensively consider factors such as the site distribution, sky view factor and service population to assess the economic and environmental benefits of PV-ES-I CS systems at different locations and scales. The research results show that the central urban districts have high retrofitting potential, with 44 stations north of the Yangtze River and 20 stations south of the Yangtze River being most suitable for retrofitting. The economic and environmental benefits vary significantly across building types; the retrofitting/construction of PV-ES-I CSs near hotels yields the greatest economic benefit and carbon dioxide emission reduction per unit investment.

Research on User Satisfaction in Kayseri Province Primary Health Care Buildings

The design criteria determining the spatial quality of family health centres, one of the primary health care institutions where diagnostic, therapeutic and rehabilitation services and preventive health services are provided together, were determined as the subject of the study. Within the scope of the field study, the location, number and distribution of family health centers, where primary health care services are provided in the central districts of Kayseri city, were investigated. The selected family health centers were examined according to the evaluation criteria. A survey was conducted to understand how family health centers are perceived by patients, one of their users, and to evaluate their satisfaction rates regarding space quality. It was determined that these small-scale health centers are produced as structures that have no relation to the context since most of them are derived from typical projects. It was concluded that health buildings, where only physicality is considered while the psychological and social needs of the users are ignored, are inadequate in terms of healing spaces. Based on all the findings obtained as a result of the study, suggestions were made on the design criteria for family health center buildings, which concern the whole society, to become qualified buildings that contribute to healing in the future.

The Value Chain and Sustainable Efficiency of Industrial Potatoes Through an Entrepreneur

This research was driven by the need for sustainable and efficient farming, productivity, and market expansion. This study mapped the industrial potato value chain, identified key stakeholders and their responsibilities, and assessed value chain linkages. This case study employed purposive sampling. The industrial potato value chain includes input suppliers, producers, processors, traders, and consumers, according to the research. Agricultural entrepreneurs are vital to the industrial potato value chain. He chose the Sharazur Plain, Kalar City, and Penjwin districts of Sulaimani Governorate in Iraq's Kurdistan Region for industrial potato production. Additionally, the entrepreneur has entered into agreements with Green Iraq Company as a processor, input supplier, and a chain supporter of the industrial potato value chain. The company has a significant role in enhancing producers to produce industrial potatoes, Lay's Chips is manufactured by a company in Sulaimani governorate/Bazian region. The study demonstrates that the implementation of contractual agreements may lead to a win-win situation for all parties involved. This reduces the farmer's risk by promoting cultivation and guaranteeing the firm has enough raw materials for processing. According to this study, universities, research centers, and agricultural departments have no role in the industrial potato value chain.

CONIFEROUS LEAF-BEARING FOREST BIOMASS ASSESSMENT BY THE EXAMPLE OF THE EDUCATIONAL AND EXPERIMENTAL SOIL AND ECOLOGICAL CENTER OF LOMONOSOV MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY “CHASHNIKOVO”

The aim of the work was to assess the contribution of the following components - biomass and mortmass of tree stands, undergrowth, living ground cover, and forest litter - to the total organic matter’s pool of plant community. The object of the study was a territory of coniferous-deciduous forest located in Solnechnogorsk City District of the Moscow region, in which five permanent sample trial plots of 50·50 m were allocated. The greatest contribution to the total organic matter mass of studied plant communities was made by forest stand perennial parts (up to 87%) and forest stand mortmass (up to 14%), and phytomass of deciduous trees in stand containing 32 to 98%, which was connected with incompleteness of forest restoration succession process. The contribution of forest litter was no more than 3%; litter deposit was low (0,18-1,21 kg·m-2), which is not typical for spruce forests, as is the fact that all litter is of the destructive type. Living ground cover in terms of floristic composition and ecological-coenotic structure was typical for the subzone of coniferous-deciduous forests; its contribution to the overall productivity of forest biogeocenosis was insignificant. The spatial intrabiogeocenotic structure of litter reserves and living ground cover biomass distribution was disturbed compared to typical spruce forests due to the high proportion of deciduous species in the forest stand. Deciduous species inclusion in the tree tier, typical of the final stage of formation of a secondary coniferous forest during succession, caused a slight increase in the intensity of the biological cycle, which was indicated in this case by a decrease in the supply of litter and a simplification of their structure. Since the biomass and mortmass of tree stand make the greatest contribution to the sequestration of carbon by forest biogeocenoses, it is these components that require the most detailed assessment during monitoring observations, the purpose of which is to assess the carbon reserves of terrestrial ecosystems.

The Effect of Simulation-Based Education on Youth Preparedness in Facing the Gamalama Volcano Eruption Disaster in Tobololo Village

A natural disaster is an event caused by nature that can occur at any time, one of which is a volcanic eruption. Understanding of disaster preparedness needs to be understood by all levels of society to reduce various impacts, both material and non-material, caused by the threat of volcanic disasters. One of the communities that play a role in disaster management is the youth. Youth can play a role in knowledge and attitudes about disasters. Therefore, efforts can be made to improve preparedness in reducing disaster risk through simulation-based education. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the effect of disaster simulation education on the level of youth preparedness to face the eruption of the Gamalama volcano in Ternate Village, Tobololo Ternate. Methods: This study uses a quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design. Results: the study showed that the majority (30.2%) of respondents received a preparedness score of 50 prior to disaster simulation-based education. The value of preparedness after conducting education based on disaster simulation, the majority (76.7%) of respondents got a value of 85.90. The results of the T-test statistic with (ɑ = 0.05) obtained a p-value of 0.000 which means that there is an effect of education based on disaster simulation on preparedness facing a volcanic eruption disaster in Youth in Tobololo Village, West Ternate City District Conclusion: Disaster simulation-based education affects youth preparedness in dealing with volcanic eruptions

Authority Over Investigation Decisions in Child Welfare Services: How is it Distributed Among Social Workers, Managers and Citizen Representatives?

ABSTRACTThis study examined the distribution of authority over decisions made during investigations within child welfare services (CWS). The distribution between various actors, such as social workers, citizen representatives and managers, was examined regarding 19 key decisions that frequently occur during investigations. The study also examined how the municipal socio‐economic status and the internal organizational conditions of CWS impact the overall hierarchical level of authority using linear regression analysis. The study was a full population study of Swedish municipalities and districts in larger cities (n = 309, response rate of 62%). The study indicates that the head of the unit holds authority over most decision types, followed by the social worker. However, the study also indicates that there are significant variations between municipalities and decision types. In the municipality delegating authority to the lowest hierarchical level, social workers hold authority over 15 decision types compared with two decision types in the municipality delegating authority to the highest hierarchical level. This variation concerns most decision types except two, where authority is almost exclusively delegated to the same actor in all municipalities. The regression analysis indicated that the educational level of the municipal inhabitants and the size of the CWS budget were the strongest predictors of the hierarchical level of authority in a municipality. High educational levels in municipalities are associated with delegating authority to low hierarchical levels, such as social workers, whereas large CWS budgets (spending as SEK per inhabitant) are associated with delegating authority to high hierarchical levels, such as top‐level managers. The implications of these results for social work research and practice are discussed.

Web-based Dashboard on ECMO Utilization in Germany: An Interactive Visualization, Analyses, and Prediction Based on Real-life Data

In Germany, a comprehensive reimbursement policy for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) results in the highest per capita use worldwide, although benefits remain controversial. Public ECMO data is unstructured and poorly accessible to healthcare professionals, researchers, and policymakers. In addition, there are no uniform policies for ECMO allocation which confronts medical personnel with ethical considerations during health crises such as respiratory virus outbreaks.Retrospective information on adult and pediatric ECMO support performed in German hospitals was extracted from publicly available reimbursement data and hospital quality reports and processed to create the web-based ECMO Dashboard built on Open-Source software. Patient-level and hospital-level data were merged resulting in a solid base for ECMO use analysis and ECMO demand forecasting with high spatial granularity at the level of 413 county and city districts in Germany.The ECMO Dashboard (https://www.ecmo-dash.de/), an innovative visual platform, presents the retrospective utilization patterns of ECMO support in Germany. It features interactive maps, comprehensive charts, and tables, providing insights at the hospital, district, and national levels. This tool also highlights the high prevalence of ECMO support in Germany and emphasizes districts with ECMO surplus – where patients from other regions are treated, or deficit – origins from which ECMO patients are transferred to other regions. The dashboard will evolve iteratively to provide stakeholders with vital information for informed and transparent resource allocation and decision-making.Accessible public routine data could support evidence-informed, forward-looking resource management policies, which are urgently needed to increase the quality and prepare the critical care infrastructure for future pandemics.

Liquefaction at two petrochemical facilities during the February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaras-Turkiye earthquake sequence

Two petrochemical facilities, located in the Dortyol district of Hatay metropolitan city along the Mediterranean coastline in Turkiye were shaken by the February 6, 2023, M7.8 Pazarcik and M7.6 Ekinözü-Elbistan earthquakes in Kahramanmaraş. This study investigates their seismic performances from a seismic soil liquefaction engineering perspective, addressing several key aspects: the i) identification of surface manifestations of seismic soil liquefaction, including soil ejecta, ground deformations, and displacements, ii) examination of subsurface soil characteristics, iii) evaluations of soil liquefaction susceptibility and triggering, iv) analyses of post-liquefaction ground settlements, lateral deformations, and displacements, and v) comparisons of these observed outcomes with predicted results. The assessment results indicated that liquefaction triggering evaluations, based on the SPT- and CPT-based semi-empirical methods of Cetin et al. (2018) and Moss et al. (2006), respectively, were consistent with observed field manifestations of liquefaction or their absence. However, estimated settlements obtained from the liquefaction-induced volumetric settlement procedures of Tokimatsu and Seed (1984), Shamoto et al. (1998) and Cetin et al. (2009), underestimated field settlements. This underestimation was partially explained by the additional contribution of lateral spreading deformations to field settlements, which were not considered due to one-dimensional nature of these volumetric settlement assessments. Additionally, semi-empirical correlations of Hamada et al. (1986) and Youd et al. (2002) consistently overestimated observed lateral displacements. The discrepancies in settlement and lateral spreading displacements are believed to stem from the presence of liquefaction susceptible fine-grained and/or gravelly units, which may have higher residual shear strengths and/or produce higher volumetric strains than typical clean sand layers in case history sites used for developing these semi-empirical methods. The documented field performances and assessment results are hoped to contribute to further developing and refining/calibrating increasingly accurate and reliable empirical and/or analytical methods for assessing hazards related to liquefaction triggering, and liquefaction-induced ground deformations and displacements.

The Dynamics and Couses of Changes in Meadow and Natural Pasture Area in Klaipeda County

The comparative investigation utilized data from the Land Fund of the Republic of Lithuania spanning the years 2003 to 2023. In 2023, these areas in Klaipeda County encompassed 41,050.04 ha, accounting for 7.86 percent of the county's area. Over the period from 2003 to 2023, there was a decline of 141.05 ha or 0.34 percent in the overall area of meadows and natural pastures. After analyzing alterations in the meadows and natural pasture areas within the municipalities of Klaipeda County, it was found that, over the span of two decades, the scrutinized areas expanded in four of the seven municipalities. Conversely, the remaining three experienced a decrease in their respective areas. Skuodas municipality experienced the most substantial decrease (1860,79 ha or 34.76 percent). In Silute municipality, the analyzed area decreased by 3,515.93 ha or 15.58 percent. The largest expansion was identified in the municipalities of Klaipeda city (754.28 ha or 159.02 percent) and Klaipeda district (4,620.13 ha or 73.37 percent).

Efektivitas Pengelolaan Dana Desa Dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Desa Kuatae Kecamatan Kota Soe Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of village fund management in improving the welfare of the people of Kuatae Village, Soe City District, South Central Timor Regency. This research method is a case study using qualitative research methods. The focus of this study is to observe and find out the effectiveness of village fund management in improving the welfare of the kuatae village community, using data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this study show that the effectiveness of village fund management in improving the welfare of the people of Kuatae Village in the regulations implemented by the Kuatae village government is in accordance with applicable laws and regulations, Government performance is still not very good and knowledge of village government performance is also still low, There are still delays in issuing policies regarding village funds and changes to policies and still low knowledge and behavior of the community in managing activities in the village.

Environmental challenges and air pollution in Bac Lieu, Vietnam: assessing sources and impacts

AbstractBac Lieu, a region with diverse industries like handicrafts, agriculture, tourism, and a thriving marine economy, faces environmental challenges from climate change, resource exploitation, and rising air pollution due to vehicular, industrial, and agricultural emissions, along with waste management issues. The materials and methods employed in this study encompassed various phases critical for assessing air quality and devising an Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP) for Bac Lieu province. The AQMP framework involved activities such as baseline assessments, emission inventories, air quality monitoring, and modeling using dispersion models like AERMOD. The study proposed the application of the AirQ + model to analyze the correlation between air quality and human health, emphasizing the short-term effects of pollutants on respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, and estimating potential avoidable cases in Bac Lieu province. The emissions inventory in Bac Lieu province categorizes sources into point, mobile, and area. Major CO emissions come from waste burning, cooking, and mixed sources, while traffic significantly impacts CO levels. Residential areas show significant PM10, PM2.5, and NO2 emissions. Point sources impact nearby areas, notably in districts like Hong Dan and Phuoc Long. Cooking activities lead to high PM10 and CO emissions, especially in Bac Lieu city. Traffic emissions, particularly in urban hubs, significantly contribute to pollution, notably in Bac Lieu City, Vinh Loi, and Hoa Binh districts. Transportation emissions in urban zones contribute significantly to air pollution, while rural areas are influenced by various activities like burning, construction, and cooking, shaping diverse local air quality.