City Development Projects Research Articles

Case Study Analysis on the Flood Mitigation Effects of Improving a Drainage System Using Low Impact Development Techniques

Low-impact development (LID) techniques aim to minimize the hydrological and environmental impacts associated with watershed development by preserving the natural state as much as possible, reducing impervious surfaces, managing stormwater on a small scale at the point of generation, and promoting decentralized stormwater management. In this study, the flood reduction effects of LID techniques were analyzed using PCSWMM by comparing traditional development methods in the Songsan Green City development project. In this process, the LID technique considers nonstructural methods of diversifying drainage directions and structural methods of introducing vegetated swales to improve the drainage system. The results showed that the LID approach, introduced to improve the drainage system, had a significant effect on reducing floods and inundation compared to traditional development methods. The results of this study suggest the potential of using LID techniques in structural and nonstructural approaches to improve urban flooding and inundation problems.

The Prospect of Introduction of Tourism Tax as a Source of Increase of Own Income of Yerevan City

In order to get a general idea about the financial sector of the city of Yerevan, one should study the financial opportunities of Yerevan. By concentrating people, resources and investment in one place, big cities have the opportunity to influence economic development, stimulate innovation and deepen social relations. This circumstance is the basis for the need to study the features of financial management of large cities and identify the problems, because they are one of the main driving forces of the country's development program. One of the main problems of the city of Yerevan is the effective management of limited resources, ensuring the realization of not only the right, but also the ability to provide efficient public services to the population of the community. In this regard, we emphasize the provision of a stable and flexible base of financial resources equivalent to the implementation of the powers assigned to the Yerevan community by law, the use of opportunities for the formation of own financial resources and the implementation of independent financial policy. Using the resources of the city of Yerevan, we can pay attention to the flow of tourists, which is a possible way to increase Yerevan's own income. Tourism taxes are small fees, usually levied indirectly by accommodation or leisure establishments, and usually go towards the city's maintenance and development projects, as well as providing favorable conditions for the tourism industry.

Developing a New Capital City (IKN) In Indonesia: A Thematic Analysis

The urgency of this research was identified from the ambitious new capital city (IKN) development project. This research aims to respond to this issue by studying the development plan. The method chosen is qualitative with a thematic analysis approach. The research data source comes from the official government website by searching official documents. The analysis tool that is maximized in data coding is Nvivo 12 Plus. This study mapped three critical themes in the IKN development plan, including the principles of development of the new capital city (IKN), the position and specificities of the new capital city (IKN), and the government's strategic efforts. In general, the IKN development theme focuses on an Indonesia-centric development orientation, development, and adaptation to the use of renewable technology and the clean technology industry for more environmentally friendly mobility and utilities, as well as accelerating the transformation of the Indonesian economy. This idea requires a government response by developing supporting infrastructure, including budget, governance, bureaucracy, and resources, and maintaining the social situation in development areas. This study is of academic interest because it provides insight into the principles and strategies underlying the development of Indonesia's new capital city (IKN), contributing to scientific discourse on sustainable development and government initiatives.

Diagnosing the voids of knowledge in the transformation process in managing and standardizing smart city development: the case of the government of Indonesia

PurposeThis study investigates smart city development projects implemented by the Government of Indonesia (GoI) from 2017 at the regional and municipal levels. Moreover, it provides a critical perspective on the lack of knowledge of the transformation process, substantive knowledge, and the wide-regime-shifting balance of knowledge required to accomplish smart city development. From the project scope perspective, this research elaborates on technical defaults of the regional and municipal GoI's initiating, constructing, and implementing smart cities.Research methodologyThe authors conducted semi-structured interviews to explore how these project doers operate in each stage of the smart city development, including initiation, work in progress, implementation, and reporting. In addition, the research questions of this semi-structured interview are derived from this study's critical perspective and the knowledge domains of smart city development.OriginalityFirst, this study sheds light on the development of 100 smart cities by the GoI, with 50 financed but unfinished projects since 2017, indicating design failure. Second, we argue that the blueprint designed by the GoI smart communities does not demonstrate comprehensive political will or the conducting of socio-cultural and technical analyses to encourage and support the development of smart cities. Third, this study uniquely highlights that the GoI wants to build smart cities using collective cognition or mutual understanding, but lacks knowledge of the transformation process and substantive knowledge for system analysis and design, development, and implementation, leading to uncertainty and non-uniform approaches to smart city developments across various regions and municipalities. Fourth, this research criticizes the misalignment and imbalance of knowledge between the GoI, the targeted regions and municipalities, and all agents involved in developing smart cities.FindingsThe authors find four unique theme formulations: the GoI's behaviors in equivalencing with regular procurement, the voids of knowledge in the transformation process, substantive knowledge boundaries, and letting these projects progress without accompanying committed knowledge boundaries and working for a future without a signifier. Finally, this study suggests that the government should prioritize mastery of knowledge of the transformation processes in smart city development and implement agile strategies to ensure these projects' success and future benefits.

Private cities, land, and the transformation of Africa’s urban fringe

ABSTRACT This paper explores the effects of large-scale land deals for a private city development project in Ghana – the Appolonia City of Light. From the conceptual lens of accumulation by dispossession, the article sheds light on the new forms of urban inequalities that arise from this project. It is argued that land acquisition for urban development has exacerbated existing inequalities and transformed the socioeconomic, spatial, and institutional context of the community. The project is beneficial to multinational corporations who accumulate through “sweet land deals” legitimized by the state. At the community level, there is a centralization of wealth among local elites who brokered such deals to make economic and political gains. Conversely, livelihoods dependent on the environment suffer dispossession in various forms. First, the loss of farmlands creates livelihood uncertainties. Second, the commodification of communal land disrupts social relations and land tenure arrangements and exacerbates chieftaincy disputes in the community.

Selection of optimum green energy source under smart city environment for sustainable energy management and planning: An eclectic decision

The purpose of this paper is to present a decision support framework, able to assess and optimize the energy use in smart cities. This paper has taken a sincere endeavour to develop an innovative integrated analytical framework as a benchmark to understand to what extent the energy has been consumed in smart city spectrum. Initially five sectors (construction, water management, transport, waste treatment and public services) of smart city and their corresponding sub-factors are identified based on industry, academia partnership. Once the data were gathered, those were analysed using various statistical tools. This research is useful for the policymakers, executive people, especially those are working or involved in smart city development projects. The developed framework helps to identify the significant energy consumption sector and also suggest the suitable green energy alternatives for developing a cleaner and sustainable future. As this study discusses the various parameters related to smart city energy consumption sector in western India, it will have a huge practical potential on the proposed operational smart cities in India. Literature has witnessed minimum number of studies have been carried out on this proposed framework and that could improve the wellbeing of the people living in the cities.

스마트도시사업 조성을 위한 중소도시 리빙랩 운영 사례

This study synthesized case studies of living labs in small and medium-sized cities among various types of projects that have been carried out by local governments as part of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport's smart city development project. In particular, we derived a plan that can be used as a reference when promoting smart city development projects. Smart cities have been in the spotlight around the world as an alternative urban design method to solve urban problems and improve the quality of life of residents. Likewise, smart city development projects are becoming established in local governments through various public offering projects of central ministries. However, although it is recommended to have a bottom-up process of citizen participation in smart city creation, the weight of the discussion is different in each region, so a systematic discussion to standardize it was necessary. Therefore, solving social problems and social demands can no longer be considered only local issues, and this also applies to the creation of smart cities. In the end, in order to operate a smart city living lab sustainably and successfully, it is necessary to organize learning-evolving subject-specific communication activities along with online and offline-based feedback, which is left as a task for the next research.

Finding the Interrelation between Smart City Initiatives and International Development Cooperation: A Critical Analysis of Current Project Processes and Underlying Motivations

This paper aims to explore the interplay between smart city projects and international development cooperation initiatives while identifying potential challenges associated with their ongoing processes. Numerous studies have investigated the potential economic development opportunities through smart city initiatives at the local level. This paper contributes to existing literature by examining the convergence of smart city and international development projects, providing a comprehensive perspective on these projects in terms of governance, motivation, financing, and inclusivity. This research includes a critical assessment of these projects, with the hope that both communities can actively engage in dialogue and cooperation to share their shortcomings and successful experiences, ultimately achieving a ‘smart’ balance in their development landscape.

Query Interface for Smart City Internet of Things Data Marketplaces: A Case Study

Cities are increasingly becoming augmented with sensors through public, private, and academic sector initiatives. Most of the time, these sensors are deployed with a primary purpose (objective) in mind (e.g., deploy sensors to understand noise pollution) by a sensor owner (i.e., the organization that invests in sensing hardware, e.g., a city council). Over the past few years, communities undertaking smart city development projects have understood the importance of making the sensor data available to a wider community—beyond their primary usage. Different business models have been proposed to achieve this, including creating data marketplaces. The vision is to encourage new startups and small and medium-scale businesses to create novel products and services using sensor data to generate additional economic value. Currently, data are sold as pre-defined independent datasets (e.g., noise level and parking status data may be sold separately). This approach creates several challenges, such as (i) difficulties in pricing, which leads to higher prices (per dataset); (ii) higher network communication and bandwidth requirements; and (iii) information overload for data consumers (i.e., those who purchase data). We investigate the benefit of semantic representation and its reasoning capabilities toward creating a business model that offers data on demand within smart city Internet of Things data marketplaces. The objective is to help data consumers (i.e., small and medium enterprises) acquire the most relevant data they need. We demonstrate the utility of our approach by integrating it into a real-world IoT data marketplace (developed by the synchronicity-iot.eu project). We discuss design decisions and their consequences (i.e., tradeoffs) on the choice and selection of datasets. Subsequently, we present a series of data modeling principles and recommendations for implementing IoT data marketplaces.

Sustainable Green City Development Project Analysis using the Critical Path Method (CPM) and the Crashing Project Method on Time and Cost Optimization

Due to the increase in population all over the world, the term city development has emerged using the method of sustainable green cities, which are cities designed taking into account the environmental impact to reduce the required input from energy, water, and food production. This study discusses this topic with three main objectives; the first is to analyze the project work network of the Sustainable Green City Development Project, the second is to investigate the impact of speeding up the project on network planning, and the third is to determine the cost differences before and after acceleration. The Critical Path Method (CPM) is valuable for managing complex projects if the activity durations are known. However, in reality, the projected durations may vary in the course of a project due to multiple factors, such as equipment breakdowns, human errors, and material shortages. This study used the CPM and crashing methods to determine the optimal project turnaround time using critical path optimization techniques. Analysis using CPM showed that the initial project duration was 1205 weeks but can be reduced to 1197 weeks. However, with acceleration, there is a slight difference, corresponding to a 0.67% decrease in the duration and approximately 8 weeks. The study showed that the total cost of the project work is US $55M at the normal duration and became US $59M after acceleration, which is a slight increase.

STUDY OF CHALLENGES FACED BY MARITIME GOVERNANCE AND THEIR SOLUTIONS BY THE MODERN SCIENCES

Gwadar is becoming a key factor in bolstering Pakistan's ailing economy. It is astonishing that Gwadar, a small fishing village in Pakistan, is swiftly becoming a smart deep-sea port city. Considering the significance of the region, the Pakistani government has designated Gwadar as a duty-free port and a free economic zone. This has increased its commercial significance and accelerated its rate of development to an incredible degree. When the city's development projects, recreational programs, and special economic zonescomplete, it will be comparable to Singapore, Hong Kong, and Dubai due to its advantageous strategic location. The western port city of Gwadar has already attracted the attention of the global martitime communities. It is highly likely that the port city of Gwadar will be economically more successful than anyone can evaluate.

정부정책 수행에 대한 신뢰가 관광정책 지지도 및 국민의 친관광 행동에 미치는 영향: 관광거점도시 육성 사업을 중심으로

최근 한국 정부는 방한 관광객의 분산으로 인한 지역관광 활성화를 위해 관광거점도시 육성 사업을 추진하고 있다. 총 5곳의 지역관광 거점도시를 선정하여 정책적 · 경제적인 지원을 하고 있으며, 지역주민의 참여를 유도하여 성공적인 정책으로 구축하고자 노력하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 정부가 추진하는 관광거점도시 육성 사업이 성공적으로 추진되기 위해 관련 개념들을 도출하여 영향관계를 파악하고, 핵심적 역할을 하는 요인은 무엇인지 도출하는데 목적이 있다. 연구의 목적을 수행하기 위해서 정치신뢰의 제도론, 사회교환이론, 신뢰전이이론과 같은 다양한 이론을 적용하여 연구모형을 구성하고 영향관계를 분석하였다. 관광거점도시 육성 사업 중 가장 대표적인 부산광역시를 연구대상으로 선정하였고, 온라인 설문 전문업체에 의뢰하여 지관광거점도시 육성 사업에 대해 알고 있는 부산 지역주민 총 664명을 연구대상으로 선정하였다. 연구의 분석결과를 도출하기 위해 SPSS와 Mplus 8.6을 사용하여 구조방정식 모델의 분석을 실시하였으며, 연구결과 정치적 성과와 지각된 혜택 및 비용 정부정책 수행에 대한 신뢰에, 지각된 혜택과 정부정책 수행에 대한 신뢰가 관광 정책 지지도에, 관광정책 지지도가 친관광 행동에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 학술적, 실무적 시사점을 제시하였다.

Network planning of metro-based underground logistics system against mixed uncertainties: A multi-objective cooperative co-evolutionary optimization approach

Featured with zero-carbon, jam-free, and high-capacity, the utilization of metro systems for collaborative passenger-and-freight transport (i.e., the metro-based underground logistics system, M-ULS) has been recognized as a favorable alternative to realize automated goods movement in future megacities. This paper proposes an equilibrium chance-constrained programming (ECP) approach for the M-ULS network planning problem (MULNP) considering uncertain demand and costs. Based on the ongoing satellite city development project, the layout formation, facility components, and transportation workflows of a two-tier M-ULS network are designed. The joint decisions (i.e., location, allocation, capacity, inventory, spoke pipeline layout, and flow routing) are formulated as an ECP model with conjoint objectives of minimal fixed cost, operating cost, and penalty cost due to low operating load, wherein the chance-based constraints are further reformulated into crisp equivalent form. To yield high-quality solutions for MULNP problem, an improved multi-objective cooperative co-evolutionary algorithm (MoCC) incorporating non-dominated sorting and chromosomal recombination strategy is proposed and then validated via two groups of instances. Results from the Beijing case study suggest that the proposed method has computational advantages over MoPSO and NSGA-II in acquiring Pareto fronts of large-scale MULNP. The best configurations and layout schemes of the M-ULS networks in both uncertain and deterministic scenarios are analyzed. Based on the findings, several insights for real-world M-ULS network decision-making are provided.

ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL RISKS IN IMPLEMENTING A SMART CITY DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

The potential risks associated with the implementation of a smart city development project, utilizing integrated digital technologies and data processing, are analyzed in the article. The main problematic aspects identified include technical difficulties, cybersecurity issues, legislative instability in the field of smart technologies, and insufficient integration between different systems and platforms. The reliability of smart city systems in emergencies is also discussed in the article, where serious consequences for citizens and city infrastructure could result from inadequate response. Additionally, challenges related to the dependence of smart cities on information technologies are highlighted, addressing potential network bandwidth limitations and the need for solutions to ensure the efficiency and availability of services. Ethical aspects are recognized as an important factor in the development and implementation of smart cities, particularly in establishing ethical standards for data usage and interaction with the public. The concept of a smart city index to assess the level of intelligence and resilience of cities in Ukraine is proposed in the article. It is comprised of two evaluation stages: digitization and conceptualization. The second stage measures citizens' quality of life, relations with authorities, environmental impact, and the city's role in the global city system. The analysis of recent publications in the field of smart technologies is also incorporated in the article, unresolved issues are identified, and the need for further research and legislative improvement is emphasized. The complexity of tasks related to the implementation of the smart city concept is highlighted, and the necessity of a systematic risk management approach to ensure sustainable and secure urban development is underscored.

Transnational urban circularity, green transition and innovative city development projects, funded through the JPI Urban Europe and the DUT Partnership instruments

The applied research for the development of the quality of urban life around Europe has been and continues to be a priority funding area of the European Commission. JPI Urban Europe is one of the instruments through which financial support has been granted in urban innovation, in order to ensure the green transition of city components from polluting elements to ecological ones, respectively from linear models of consumption, exploitation and operation to circular urban systems. A particularity of this programme is the transnational approach to the projects, which is reflected both in the diversity of the location of the study cases, the types of partners involved (private, institutional, non-governmental) but also in the way in which the funding is granted, through common budgets of the national development funding agencies, which are sometimes doubled by non-reimbursable monetary assistance from the European Union. The article chronologically summarizes the JPI Urban Europe calls, from the first competition (2012) upto 2023, namely the launch of a new and successor funding formula, integrated in Horizon Europe – the DUT Partnership (Driving Urban Transitions) and the relevant funded projects. The winning applications covered the topics imposed by the programme, from circularity and urban transition, to climate neutrality, energy-positive neighborhoods, sustainable urban accessibility and sustainable cities in general, examples of how cities face current challenges such as increasing the density of housing in the urban environment, increasing costs of execution and operation of infrastructure, including construction, mitigating the effects of climate change, migration, etc. Among the conclusions and innovations resulting from the implemented projects, the following are standing out: the increase in the understanding and capacity of citizens to support the transition to a more resilient and efficient urban environment in terms of consumption, in participatory, innovative ways and through transnational communities, but also the synergies between specialists, urban users, administration and investors. All these have led to new concepts such as the 15-minute cities or novel solutions for circular urban economies.

Individual strategies as interaction modes for handling institutional logic diversity over time: A case study on a public-private collaboration project

A diversity of institutional logics can impede public–private collaboration. In this paper, we explore how individuals use different strategies as interaction modes to foster institutional logic convergence in a public–private collaboration project. To do this, we rely on research on public–private collaboration and institutional logics and a single case study of a public–private smart city development project in the city of Aguas, Brazil. This paper contributes to the research on institutional logic diversity in three ways. First, we find that individuals use different strategies as interaction modes to achieve institutional logic convergence, but these strategies serve diverse purposes over time in a project. Second, when the organizational and individual goals in a project are balanced, this eases institutional logic convergence. Third, individuals can be facilitators of institutional logic convergence if they can unite diverse institutional logics and are perceived to have a central position in a project.

DEVELOPMENT OF A DATA GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORK FOR SMART CITIES

Abstract. The world is experiencing an unprecedented rate of urbanisation, with 70% of its population expected to live in urban cities by 2050 (United Nations, 2018). This is driving demand for smart city development projects, that address city related issues such as traffic congestion, inadequate housing, excessive crime rates, strains on utilities like energy and water, amongst others. The volume and analysis of data associated with these activities, call for a mechanism for managing data in smart cities.This paper is aimed at developing a data governance framework for managing data generated by smart cities, and improving the way they operate as well as the quality of life of their citizens. The paper will highlight the characteristics of smart cities, the importance for cities to become smart, how the smartness of cities can be measured, and which cities around the world are considered smart. It will also discuss why data is important for the success of smart cities, the types and sources of data typically present in smart city settings and the data management challenges that plague smart cities globally.A sequential mixed methods research approach incorporating qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis methods was employed, following a multi-step approach starting with analysis of existing frameworks and interviews with subject matter experts. This was followed by a survey of industry professionals, for insights on key framework components, and the use of case studies and questionnaires for framework evaluation.Throughout the research process, the focus of smart cities on people rather than technology was prominent. As such, the most important theme of the framework was identified as “People”, particularly in their roles as data stewards and data owners. The remaining five themes of the recommended data governance framework are, Process, Technology, Data, Protection and Valuable Insights.

Node, place, ridership, and time model for rail-transit stations: a case study

Nowadays, Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) plays a vital role for public transport planners in developing potential city facilities. Knowing the necessity of this concept indicates that TOD effective parameters such as network accessibility (node value) and station-area land use (place value) should be considered in city development projects. To manage the coordination between these two factors, we need to consider ridership and peak and off-peak hours as essential enablers in our investigations. To aim this, we conducted our research on Chengdu rail-transit stations as a case study to propose our Node-Place-Ridership-Time (NPRT) model. We applied the Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) to examine the impacts of node value and place value on ridership. Finally, K-Means and Cube Methods were used to classify the stations based on the NPRT model results. This research indicates that our NPRT model could provide accurate results compared with the previous models to evaluate rail-transit stations.

Determining Strategic Priorities for Smart City Development: Case Studies of South Korean and International Smart Cities

Increasingly, nations are engaging in smart city development projects. Smart city development aims to build urban areas with a wholesome quality of life with modern infrastructure capabilities (e.g., economic opportunities, cultural richness, and demographic-geographical balance), technological benefits (e.g., healthcare, education, government) and sustainability goals (e.g., clean, green, safe, and secure environments). This requires huge investments of resources and participation of diverse stakeholders, whose goals are often ambiguous and conflicting. It is not unusual that many of these projects are delayed because of a lack of consensus, which further adds unnecessary social costs and a waste of time and efforts. In this sense, determining strategic priorities for smart city development is crucial for achieving a set of integrative purposes in terms of resource allocation and social benefits goals. This paper aims to determine strategic priorities by examining multiple cases of smart city projects in Korea, Europe, and the U.S. A hierarchical strategic framework, which shows the vision, core values and strategic goals, is developed and proposed from the case studies. Lessons and practical implications are discussed for future study.

Power of the Vague: How Vision Statements Have Mobilized Change in Two Swedish Cities

This paper investigates the role of strategic artifacts in realizing change in two Swedish cities. Drawing from qualitative studies of city development projects we illustrate how ambiguous formulations in vision statements constitute a powerful basis for legitimizing actions. As part of establishing linkages between future-oriented vision statements and concrete actions here and now, we highlight the role of materialization. We provide three examples of how the vision statements studied materialized—into organizational structures, management control systems, and communication efforts—and discuss how such materialization implies that only some parts of broad vision statements are translated into practice.