Eskisehir City Center Research Articles

Evaluation of Associated Factors with Nutrition Behavior and Dietary Self-efficacy for Healthy Food Choice among Primary School Students

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the associated factors with nutrition behavior and dietary self-efficacy for healthy food choices among primary school students.
 
 Methods: The study is a cross-sectional research conducted with 4th grade students in the city center of Eskisehir in the 2018 academic year. The study group consisted of 402 students studying in six primary schools in the city center of Eskisehir. Data of the study were collected using a questionnaire including socio-demographic characteristics, Food Behavior Scale (FBS), and Children Dietary Self-efficacy Scale (CDSS).
 
 Results: The mean age of the students in the study group was 9.88 ± 0.44 years and 51.0% of the students were female. Of the participants 19.9% were overweight and 10.2% were obese. While female students in CDSS chose healthy food with a mean ± SD 65% ± 24 percentages, male students chose healthy food with a mean ± SD 55% ± 25 percentages (p

Exploring the impact of ethnocentrism on country and brand image: the case of Peugeot

Purpose – It is important to determine the ethnocentric tendencies of Turkish consumers and to reveal the effects of these tendencies on a foreign country and its brand. The aim of this paper is to explore the impact of ethnocentric tendencies of individuals trained in Turkish culture affect the image of a foreign country and its products. For this purpose, research has been carried out on the Peugeot brand of France origin, which is one of the best-selling automobile brands in Turkey. Methodology - Data was collected from 400 people by face to face in the city center of Eskisehir. As the research was conducted only in one city, it does not cover all Turkish consumers. In terms of measurement, country image scale, country product image scale and the CETSCALE were used. In this study Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), t test and ANOVA were performed. Findings- The ethnocentric tendency of Turkish consumers and other relationships were tested with the hypotheses H1, H2, H3a, H3b, H4, H5a, H5b, H6a and H6b. According to the findings, H1, H4, H5b, H6a, H6b were supported but, H2, H3a, H3b and H5a were not supported. Conclusion- The ethnocentric tendency of customers affects only the image of the country of origin, in this case, it negatively affects the image of France. However, it doesn’t affect the general image of French products and brand image statistically. Also, general image of country products and France’s image positively and significantly affects brand image.

ORTAOKUL ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN BİLGİSAYAR OYUN BAĞIMLILIĞI İLE BENLİK ALGILARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ

In this study, the relationship between computer game addiction and self-perception of fifth grade students was investigated. In addition, it was investigated whether these variables differ according to gender, computer ownership, educational status of parents and number of siblings. The sample of the study consisted of 224 fifth-grade students (115 girls and 109 boys) from the secondary schools in the city center of Eskisehir. The data were obtained by using “the General Information Form”, “Game Addiction Scale for Children” and “Self-Perception Profile for Children”. Normality test was applied to the obtained data and then Mann Whitney U-test was used for paired comparisons. Spearman Correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between computer game addiction and self-perception. As a result of the study, it was seen that there was a negative correlation between computer game addiction and self-perception of fifth grade students. In the study, male students had higher computer gaming addiction than female students; female students had higher self-perception than male students. It was concluded that there is no significant relationship between computer ownership, parents education status, the number of siblings

Opinions of Pre-School Teachers on Applications Supporting Children's Emotion Regulation Skills

In this study, it was aimed to reveal the opinions of preschool teachers about the practices supporting the emotion regulation skills of children. The data in the research conducted using a qualitative approach have been acquired through semi-structured interviews. The research was carried out with teachers working in state and private preschool education institutions in Eskisehir city center in the spring semester of the 2015-2016 academic year. 28 volunteer teachers determined with maximum diversity among purposive sampling methods constitute the participants of the study. Data were analyzed through inductive method. Codes and themes acquired from the data were presented for expert review to increase credibility. Coding key was calculated according to Miles and Huberman’s (2015) reliability formula and reliability co-efficient was found to be 92%. Based on this formula, the study was accepted as reliable. As a result of analysis, it was found that teachers had a limited perception of emotion regulation concept. They expressed that anger and happiness were the most observed emotions in the class; and that students, and therefore teachers themselves, had difficulty dealing with anger. They also pointed out that they needed support inside and outside the classroom.

Evaluation of vaccine knowledge, attitudes and behaviors and vaccine confidence levels in teachers

Abstract Background In the study, it was aimed to evaluate the attitudes and behaviors related to vaccine confidence levels of teachers who are a professional group that can lead the community about vaccination in developing countries such as Turkey. Methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted on 752 teachers from 21 schools in the city center of Eskisehir in the first semester of the 2020 academic year. The questionnaire included the sociodemographic characteristics, vaccine-related information, attitude and behavior questions, and the Vaccine Confidence Scale(VCS) questions. The total score that can be obtained from the VCS ranges from 0 to 80 and high scores suggests higher confidence level towards the vaccine. The cut-off of the scale was determined by ROC Analysis according to the positive attitude towards the vaccine. It was accepted that those who scored 54 and above had confidence in the vaccine. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used. Results Of the participants, 508 (67.6%) were female and their mean age (SD) was 41.7 (8.3) years. Only 6%(45) of the teachers answered 100% of the knowledge questions correctly. 49.6%(373) of the teachers had positive attitudes towards the vaccine. The total score obtained from VCS ranged from 6 to 80, with the mean (SD) of 59 (14.1). In the study group, 43.1%(324) had confidence in the vaccines. In teachers who had paid vaccinations done on their children[OR, 95%CI: 1.96 (1.37-2.81)], answered all of the vaccine knowledge questions correctly[2.27 (1.15-4.49)] and teachers who advocate the opinion that “it is necessary for teachers to take part in the fight against anti-vaccination groups and movements”[1.82 (1.21-2.76)] were more likely to have confidence in the vaccines. Conclusions The vaccine knowledge levels of the teachers were low and it was seen that approximately half of them had a positive attitude towards vaccines. Teachers with vaccine confidence constituted less than half of the study group. Key messages Increasing the knowledge levels of the individuals may increase the confidence in the vaccines. Health policy makers should organize health education programs to increase teachers' confidence in vaccination considering the fact that they are role models of the communities.

The Mediating Role of Trust in the Effect of Perceived Organizational Support on Job Performance in Nurses

The aim of this study is to investigate the mediating role of trust in the effect of perceived organizational support on the job performance of nurses. The nurses were included in the study because of their need for high level of organizational support and trust perception due to the nature of nursing profession. The sample of the study consisted of 452 nurses working in a university hospital (N = 550) in the city center of Eskisehir. The research data were collected by using the "Personal Information Form", "Perceived Organizational Support Scale", "Job Performance Scale" and "Trust Scale". The relationships between variables were analysed with factor analysis, regression analysis and the sobel test. It was found that perceived organizational support positively and significantly affected job performance and trust; trust had a partial mediating effect in this relationship.

The Effects of Colorful Worlds of Sounds Program on Phonological Awareness of Preschool Children

The aim of the study is to examine the effects of Colorful Worlds of Sounds Program on phonological awareness skills of preschool children. The research design is quasi-experimental pretest-posttest with control group. Study group was chosen from a preschool by random sampling among public preschools located in Eskisehir city center during the 2014-2015 education year of spring semester. In that preschool located in Eskisehir, one of the preschool classroom in which 5 years of age (60-72 months) children were enrolled was assigned as experimental group and another classroom was assigned as control group. There were 24 children in experimental group and 19 children in the control group. “General Demographic Form” and “The Phonological Awareness Scale of Early Childhood Period (PASECP)” were used as measurement tools. After the pretest was applied to children in the experimental and control groups, Colorful Worlds of Sounds Program was implemented to the experimental group children by the researcher. The program implemented throughout eight weeks, three days in a week and an hour in a day. At the end of the implementation, posttest was applied to both the experimental and the control group. 2x2 mixed ANOVA was used to reveal whether there is a significant difference between the pretest and posttest of total phonological awareness scores of the experimental and the control group or not. Moreover, 2x2 mixed ANOVA was used to compare pretest and posttest scores obtained from the subtests. The results indicated that there was a significant difference between total phonological awareness scores of the experimental and the control group and all subtests scores of the groups. Based on these results it can be said that Colorful Worlds of Sounds Program was effective to develop preschool children’s phonological awareness skills.

Geomarketing As A Tool For Health Service Business: Private Hospital Application

Geomarketing, a new way of knowledge-based marketing, integrates geographic analysis, reasoning, and technology for the improvement of the business judgmental decision. Geomarketing can help you find out who your best customers are and apply geographic analysis techniques to discover where to find more of them. Solving almost any sales and marketing challenge start with knowing who your customer is. Therefore; private hospitals, as commercial businesses with huge investments, also need to find out their best customers and discover where to find more of them. In other words, private hospitals also need customer profiling with geomarketing tools. In this context, the aim of this study is to analyze spatial density, based on the demographic characteristics of customers of private hospitals. A small private hospital, located in Eskisehir city center was chosen for this study. In one year period, the address locations, frequency of visits, clinic choices and neighborhood concentrations of the patients, due to the demographic characteristics, were examined using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) from the hospital patient records.

Classroom Management and Student Achievement: A Study on Five Elementary Classrooms

This study intended to investigate primary school teachers’ classroom management and student achievement in their classrooms. For this purpose, a total of 150 class-hours were spent on observing one first grade and four second grades in a primary school in Eskisehir city center between October 2013 and December 2013. Research participation criteria for teachers included volunteering for the study and having at least one special needs student in their classrooms for observation so that teacher behaviors towards the special needs students could be observed. Researcher-developed observation form was used in the study for data collection purposes to record teachers’ classroom management practices during observations. The form included several dimensions related to classroom management behaviors such as the exact moment of the lesson in which the teacher starts teaching, the locations of special needs students during the class period, use of rewards-punishment for special needs students and other students, use of individualized care for special needs students and the degree of effective use of classroom period. Data related to student achievement were obtained from the results of a general achievement test given to all students at the school based on their grade levels. Research data were analyzed via descriptive statistics and one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine the difference between groups. The findings showed that teachers tended to place special needs students at the back rows of the classroom and that they did not provide individualized teaching opportunities in line with the needs of special needs students. It was also found that number of correct answered in the general achievement test significantly changed according to students’ teachers.

Investigation of correlations between shear wave velocities and CPT data: a case study at Eskisehir in Turkey

Seismic waves result from fault movement during earthquakes. Depending on the features of the physical environment through which they pass, there are variations in the velocity and amplitude of body waves, which occur underground, and surface waves, which occur on the Earth’s surface. The ratio of shear wave velocity (Vs) to near-surface velocity is a parameter used widely in land use planning to predict the potential for amplified seismic shaking, especially in urban areas. The main objective of this study was to estimate Vs by using cone resistance (qc) and lateral friction (fs) for a study area at Eskisehir Graben, to help mitigate geotechnical earthquake engineering problems in civil engineering and land use planning. In geotechnical shallow soil research, certain geophysical methods are used for measuring Vs—a major form of seismic energy propagation—at the near surface. In this study, cone penetrometer data collected from seismic cone penetration tests (SCPT) includes qc, fs, and downhole Vs. S-type seismic energy waveforms, which are produced on the surface, were measured at different depths using an S-type geophone in the city center of Eskisehir via SCPT. With SCPT, qc, friction ratios (Rf), and Vs values were measured at 42 different test points. Rf properties are associated with soil thickness, and these were compared with dynamic soil properties (Vs) using a standard statistical method; we calculated correlations amongst Vs, qc, and Rf measured from cone penetration tests.

The Prediction Power of Servant and Ethical Leadership Behaviours of Administrators on Teachers' Job Satisfaction

The purpose of this study is to identify servant leadership and ethical leadership behaviors of administrators and the prediction power of these behaviors on teachers' job satisfaction according to the views of schoolteachers. This research, figured in accordance with the quantitative research processes. The target population of the research has consisted of 319 schoolteachers working in the city center of Eskisehir in 2016--2017 academic year. They are selected randomly in Eskisehir province to identify the participants of the survey, participated in the study voluntarily. In this study as a descriptive research, mean score, standard deviation values, Pearson's product-moment correlation and multiple regression analysis was utilized for analysis of the data. According to correlation analyses, servant leadership is in negative direction with ethical leadership and job satisfaction. There is a negative relation between all dimensions of servant leadership and job satisfaction. Ethical leadership is in positive relation with job satisfaction. Ethical leadership is in positive relation with all dimensions of job satisfaction. According to the results of regression analyses, job satisfaction increases when ethical leadership increases, job satisfaction decreases when servant leadership increases.

Observation of excess heavy metal concentrations in water resources to infer surface water influences on shallow groundwater: a typical example of the Porsuk River (Eskisehir-Turkey)

The Eskisehir province is well-known due to its industrial and agricultural activities, which are a threat for the aquatic environment. Hence, monitoring of water quality in the area is of vital importance because of an excess heavy metal contents, especially As. The Porsuk River is heavily polluted by industrial activities from Kutahya city. It discharges into the Porsuk Dam and from there it flows relatively clean to Eskisehir city center, but beyond this point it increasingly deteriorates due to the negative impact of industrial and agricultural activities up to the junction point of Porsuk and Sakarya rivers. Heavy metal concentrations and As contents in surface and ground waters were selected as pollution indicators to examine pollution level and compare an interaction between river and groundwater. For this purpose, water samples taken between 2008 and 2010 from the Porsuk River along the section from the west of Kutahya to the discharge point into the Sakarya River, as well as groundwater samples from the wells located close to or far of the Porsuk River, were evaluated. Based on the obtained results, we found that the Porsuk River, especially at the locations close to the Sakarya River, and groundwater are polluted in terms of heavy metals and As compounds. In conclusion, the heavy metal and As pollution is also observed in the wells close to the locations in which groundwater is fed by the Porsuk River since it acts as an influent river. Thus, surface water is considered as a polluting source of groundwater.

A Rapid Seismic Risk Assessment Method for Existing Building Stock in Urban Areas

Eskisehir is a city in the northwestern part of Turkey which is seismically quite active zone. For this reason, identifying and strengthening of the deficient buildings in northern part of Eskisehir city center is very important in terms of minimal loss of life and damage. The proposed methodology for seismic failure risk assessment in urban building stock is based on the techniques of the screening procedure developed by Sucuoğlu. Rapid street screening for potential seismic hazards is a simple and effective seismic risk assessment method. The procedure is applied to detect, inventory, and rank the most vulnerable buildings in specified region that may damage during a forthcoming earthquake. Applied method is based on the observations and giving score for the selected buildings, considering some selected parameters from the street walking. The risk assessment considered criteria as the age of building, number of stories, existence of soft story, short column, heavy overhangs, pounding affect, topographic effects, visual building construction quality and earthquake zone where the building was located. After the first step evaluation on site, determined performance score (Earthquake Risk Score–E.R.S) of each building was calculated and the most dangerous buildings in terms of earthquake safety were identified. In a large scale in-situ investigation a set of 1643 buildings within the northern part of Eskisehir were seismically assessed. According to the E.R.S. points, each inspected building was classified into one of three vulnerability classes which are high risk, moderate risk and low risk. The results revealed that total 218 among 1643 buildings were classified as high risk and more detailed evaluations of these buildings were recommended before confirming the building as earthquake risk.

The frequency of patients with polysomnographic diagnosis as obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) during one year in Eskisehir, Turkey

Introduction We aimed to investigate the frequency of newly diagnosed patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSAS) by using polisomnography (PSG) in healthcare organizations in Eskisehir city center during the year 2010. Materials and methods Patients over the age of 20 living in the province of Eskisehir and with diagnosis of OSAS in hospital information systems based on databases of ICD-10 coding system and with the diagnostic codes F51 (F51.0–F51.9), G47 (G47.0–G47.9) were selected. Using data from the medical and polysomnographic records between the 1st of January and the 31st of December 2010, patients with the diagnosis of OSAS for the first time were determined. Then theses patients were invited to the research center. OSAS Patient Assesment Form, Assasment Fatigue Scale (FAS), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the SF-36 Life Quality Scale were fulfilled. Results In Eskisehir city center, 729 patients were preliminary diagnosed as OSAS. 526 (72.2%) of them were investigated by PSG in which 243 of them were diagnosed as OSAS for the first time by using PSG. The population over the age 20 in Eskisehir was 562.811 which makes the frequency of the newly diagnosed patients with OSAS as 43.18/100.000. Of the patients with OSAS, 36.6% were women, 63.4% were men with mean age 52.20 ± 11.57 (range: 24–87) in both genders. 77 of the patients (31.7%) had mild, 53 ( 21.8%) had moderate and 113 (46.5%) had severe OSAS. In the severe OSAS group, the mean body weight, body mass index (BMI) and waist, hips and neck circumference measures were higher when compared with the others. The most commonly accompanying chronic diseases seen were obesity, hypertension and a history of previous nose operations. The 98.3% of the patients were snoring, 79.8% had apnea and 88% had excessive day time sleepiness (EDS). The mean scores of FAS and ESS increased with the disease severity. There was no difference in SF-36LQS scores between the groups. Conclusion Our results showed that the number of patients who were prediagnosed as OSAS were lower than expected, which meant that smaller number of patients were investigated by PSG. As OSAS is an important public health problem, we reccomend that in order to increase the awareness of the patients and the physicians more studies should be done immediatelly. Acknowledgement We would like to thank to the Eskisehir Provincial Directorate of Health for the support and assistance.

Investigation of the Development of 7th Grade Students’ Skills to Define, Construct and Classify Polygons with Cabri Geometry

The aim of the study is to investigate the development of 7th Grade students’ skills to define, construct and classify polygons in geometry course with Cabri Geometry II Plus software geometry, an example of dynamic geometry software. The study used qualitative and quantitative research methods in accordance with the research objectives and focus, so it was designed as a mixed method research. The participants of the study were 21 7th Grade students, 11 girls and 10 boys, who were attending a secondary school in Eskisehir city center during 2012-2013 school year. As a source of qualitative data, four students in this class were selected for the interview. The data were collected with “Polygon Identification and Classification Scale”, one group pre-test and post-test in order to determine the level of development and significance level of the gender variable, and Cabri Geometry worksheets developed by the researchers. The quantitative data were analyzed with SPSS Statistics 20. Also, t-test and Wilcoxon test were used in data analysis. The data obtained from the interviews were analyzed through descriptive analysis. The qualitative data showed that the mean of correct answers given by the students to the questions in the Polygon Identification and Classification Scale was higher in the post-test than the pre-test. The ttest results for the pre-test and post-test mean scores and the results of the paired samples test showed a significant difference in favor of the post-test. There was no significant difference based on the gender variable. On the other hand, the data obtained from the interviews were coded under five different themes. The activities about the concept of formation showed that incorrect formations caused incorrect generalizations about the shapes. The study found that, as a result of the teaching practice in the study, hierarchical relations among polygons were expressed correctly. Finally, after the practice, the participants succeeded in defining polygons with their own words

Effects of urban air pollutants on elemental accumulation and identification of oxidative stress biomarkers in the transplanted lichen Pseudovernia furfuracea

Determining the origins of heavy metals, their accumulation, and their detoxification mechanisms constitutes a major problem in understanding environmental pollution in urban areas. The objective of this study was to detect the relative air quality in Eskisehir city center (Turkey) through the transplanted epiphytic lichen Pseudovernia furfuracea as a biomonitor of the concentrations of some heavy metals accumulated and to describe their toxic effects on lichen physiology during the study period of one year. The influence of heavy metal accumulations on macroelement levels were also examined. In addition to analysis of B, K, Ca, P, S, Al, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Zn, Pb, and Cu, total soluble proteins and oxidative stress parameters through glutathione (GSH) contents and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities were also determined. Results indicate that, although the heavy metal concentrations were found to be gradually increased from the unpolluted control zone to the city center, the concentrations of macroelements S and Ca were higher in the polluted area. However, B, K, Mg, and P elements were found to be higher in the unpolluted area than in the polluted zones. It seems that heavy metals induce oxidative stress in lichens; we found enhancement of GSH concentrations and GST activity. Most probably, the expected destruction in this organism was reduced by the intervention of antioxidant capacity. Therefore, this report confirms the fact that the epiphytic lichen P. furfuracea is a good model for biomonitoring atmospheric quality for a long-term transplantation study, and oxidative stress parameters stand out as a tool for an early environment assessment of other physiological parameters.

525 Knowledge About Car Safety Seat Usage in Female Population in Eskisehir City Center, Turkey

Objective of the study is to get data about mothers' knowledge on car-safety seat usage with a detailed questionnaire. Methods: A total of 1270 questionnaires were obtained from female population aged between 18 and 45 years in Eskisehir city center. Results: 982 of them have ≥1 child and 645 out of them have ≥1 car. 24% of the participants' education levels are higher than high school. Only 65 participants have had a car-safety seat in their car when their child was born. However all of the participants have an idea about the results and number of deaths/year in our country due to car accidents. 1216 participants thought that the correct position is semi fowler. Only 76 out of 986 mothers have correct knowledge about the placement of carsafety seat and were not related with educational level(p>0.05). Mothers between 25-35 years of age have more accurate knowledge according to the mothers ages between 18-25 and 35-45 years(p< 0.01).60 out of 104 participants who have still a car-safety seat, can correctly use it. 18 of total participants know the rule that all infants should always ride rear-facing under one year of age.794 of the mother thought that feeding is possible while their children travel on the car-safety seat. Conclusion: Traffic accidents are the leading cause of death and serious injury for children and adults in Turkey and car-safety seat usage is not a legitimate obligation. The results of this study can be used as a guide for law-makers and educational program directors about safe child travel.

Program reform in primary schools in turkey: what do primary school teachers think?

The aim of this study is to find out the thoughts of primary school teachers about the program reform made in primary school teaching in 2004-2005 academic-years. 125 teachers appointed at schools in Eskisehir city center attended to the study which is designed using relational survey method. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of semi-structured, open-ended questions. In the analysis of the data descriptive analysis technique was used. At the end of the study, it was found out that the primary school teachers are positive against new primary school program and interpret it as a reform.