Attractiveness Of Cities Research Articles

TOWARDS THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECOTOURISM IN THE OULED-NAIL MOUNTAINS: A CASE STUDY OF THE DJELFA MUNICIPALITY IN ALGERIA

Algeria's tourism sector plays a critical role in its economy, especially as the country faces an economic crisis due to its reliance on fossil fuels. However, despite its potential, the tourism industry has remained limited to coastal and desert tourism in the north and south, respectively. Therefore, diversifying the tourism product by exploring inland regions is necessary to restore regional balance and create geographical homogeneity. Djelfa, a city located in the central highlands of the Atlas Mountains, offers unique natural resources and cultural heritage, making it an ideal destination for ecotourism. This study evaluates the potential of Djelfa for tourism planning purposes, using scientific documentation, field survey techniques, and analytical methods like SWOT analysis. In addition, a survey was conducted amongst tourists to collect their opinions on the city's attraction characteristics. The data was processed using principal component analysis (PCA) in SPSS software. The study emphasizes the importance of tourism planning in the area and proposes suitable tourism projects for ecotourism and investment in the Senelba forest site. These projects will positively influence the environment, local population, and lead to real development at the local and national levels while preserving the area's cultural and natural heritage.

Analysis of Spatiotemporal Changes in the Gravitational Structure of Urban Agglomerations in Northern and Southern Xinjiang Based on a Gravitational Model

The urban agglomeration plays a significant role in enhancing integrated regional development. Nevertheless, the expansion of urban agglomerations has demonstrated a lackluster ability to attract cities. Presently, finding solutions to stabilize the existing urban strength and effectively extend attraction to neighboring cities has become a crucial matter. This study adopts the enhanced comprehensive attraction model, fracture point model, and radiation radius model to examine the level of city attraction, intensity of radiation, and range of radiation in the northern and southern Xinjiang city clusters between 2010 and 2020. Based on the analysis, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) the comprehensive strength and city attraction of cities in the northern Xinjiang region is higher than that of the southern Xinjiang region; (2) the intensity of spatial connection between cities in the northern and southern Xinjiang regions is gradually increasing, and the intensity of spatial connection of cities in the northern Xinjiang region is significantly greater than that in the southern Xinjiang region. The intensity of spatial connection between cities in the northern and southern Xinjiang regions is significantly greater than that in the southern Xinjiang region; (3) the central role of the central cities in the northern and southern Xinjiang regions is weakening, the development of cities in the region is gradually becoming unified and coordinated, and regional integration is gradually being strengthened. This study reveals the similarities and differences in urban development in the north and south of Xinjiang and provides important theoretical reference value for regional urban development.

ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES FOR STUDYING THE TOURIST ATTRACTIVENESS OF SMALL AND MEDIUM CITIES (CASE STUDY OF THE PERM REGION)

The main aim of the study is to elaborate the assessment methodology for studying the tourist attractiveness of cities. The assessment procedures were tested for small and medium cities of the Perm region. The cities were assessed according to 8 criteria and 30 indicators. According to the results of calculations, four groups of cities with different indices of tourist attractiveness were identified. The group of the highest tourism attractiveness included the cities of Kungur, Solikamsk, Tchaikovsky and Osa. These are mainly cities that have preserved a rich cultural and natural heritage; over the past two decades there is a systematic approach in making managerial decisions to create a friendly environment. The second group includes the cities of Kudymkar, Nytva, Lysva, Ocher, Cherdyn, Dobryanka and Krasnokamsk. The cities have less attractors of tourist flows. The exception is Cherdyn, which has a high density of cultural heritage, but lags behind in the formation of a service environment. The cities of the group have a high potential, but the increase in tourist attractiveness will depend on the diversification and intensification of the industrial and non-industrial spheres. The third group includes the cities of Gubakha, Chusovoy, Chernushka, Usolye, Krasnovishersk and Vereshchagino. Most of the cities are well-recognizable, due to their location near significant tourist landmarks. To increase the attractiveness of the city centers it is necessary to ensure their closer connection with the surrounding dominants in order to achieve a synergy effect. The fourth group included the cities of Chermoz, Okhansk, Kizel, Aleksandrovsk, Gornozavodsk and Gremyachinsk. The group brings together the cities with the highest share of the lowest performance scores. Their further development requires the formation of a touristfrien

THE INFLUENCE OF A HERITAGE CITY BRANDING ON THE CITY’S BRAND IDENTITY AND BRAND IMAGE, AND TOURISTS’ VISITING DECISION

The growing emphasis on urban management has driven a trend toward city branding to enhance the city attractiveness. This study investigates the influence of city branding on the city’s brand identity and brand image, and tourists’ visiting decision. This study was done in a quantitative approach. The data was collected by distributing online questionnaire, targeting visitors of Yogyakarta city. A total of 216 respondents participated in this study, obtained using a purposive sampling method. The data was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in AMOS 21.0. The results show that the city branding directly influences the brand identity and visiting decision, but does not directly influence the brand image. Furthermore, the brand identity has a positive, significant and direct influence on the brand image and visiting decision. The brand identity mediates the influence of city branding on the visiting decision. The brand identity also mediates the influence of city branding on the brand image. Lastly, the brand image mediates the influence of brand identity on the visiting decision.JEL: M30, M31, M39.

The Well-Being of Cities: Estimating Migration Attractiveness From Internal Migration Across Korean Cities

ABSTRACT We adopt the methodology proposed by Lee, Lee and Lin [2021. “The Well-Being of Nations: Estimating Welfare from International Migration.” International Economic Review 62:1111-1130] to estimate the migration attractiveness of Korean cities using internal migration data. Our approach has two advantages over traditional methods. First, it is cost-effective as it uses pre-existing administrative data, unlike surveys. Second, It also gives a more comprehensive view of city's viability by accounting for migration costs and patterns. Our findings confirm the ongoing regional imbalance and indicate that some rural areas' migration attractiveness are lower than what their population growth suggests.

Has South Korea’s policy of relocating public institutions been successful? A case study of 12 agglomeration areas under the Innovation City Policy

South Korea’s Innovation City policy aims to balance the geography of economic activity across the country by relocating public institutions to local cities. The economic impact of relocating public institutions to local cities has been assessed by examining job creation, public spending, the quality of public services or demands for housing and employment in donor cities. However, as economies have become increasingly knowledge-based, the attractiveness of urban areas to young workers has become a metric to measure an area’s economic development potential. There is a paucity of research on the economic impact of relocating public institutions that analyses the attractiveness of the destination cities for young people. Thus, this paper examines the migration of young people to evaluate the economic impact of relocating public institutions on the balanced geography of economic activity across the country. The examination was conducted by analysing the effects of (1) agglomeration area location type and (2) general place quality on young people’s migration. Quasi-experimental research and panel regression (2010–2019) were conducted on 12 agglomeration areas. The findings revealed that relocating public institutions was more likely to attract young migrants than the control group, whereas outskirt agglomeration areas attracted and retained young people more than inner city agglomeration areas. Relocating public institutions is a strategic means of attracting young people to local cities to balance the geography of economic activity. Here, the effect of relocating public institutions on young people’s migration varies depending on the location of agglomeration areas and the place quality of destination cities.

Urban staycation attraction factors: a case study of Ho Chi Minh city

ABSTRACT The attractiveness of a city is an issue that has received much attention from scholars, regulators and authorities. In terms of a built environment, many attempts have been made to build an attractive city with its own identity through pattern language and form language; however, these languages are developed based on the language of geometry and on how human beings interact with their surrounding environment. Meanwhile, multiple studies on the factors that create motivation to attract visitors to a certain place (e.g. motivation theory) also identified the factors that makes a city attractive, but such studies are still general, incomplete, and only focus on the perspective of tourists. This research builds a system of factors that contributes to urban attractiveness from the perspective of both visitors and residents, through qualitative research methods such as Group Focused Discussion, In-depth Interview and Capture Evaluation Method Survey. The research findings discovered many more factors that affect urban attractiveness and then built nine Conceptual categories of Urban staycation Attraction Factors with 141 factors. The nine main categories are (1) Architectural and Built Environment, (2) Natural, (3) Works of Art and Humanity, (4) Folklore, (5) Community Civilization, (6) Green & Blue Infrastructure, (7) Sense of Place, (8) Services, and (9) Other. Moreover, the research also determined 134 factors that contribute to the attractiveness of Ho Chi Minh City and proposed an additional six important groups of factors that need to be developed to improve urban quality. These findings play an important role in supporting regulators, authorities, urban planners, designers, and tourism and cultural managers to enhance quality of urban life, then create an attractive urban environment for both tourists and local residents.

Inferring intercity freeway truck volume from the perspective of the potential destination city attractiveness

Accurately inferring the spatiotemporal distribution of freeway traffic volume is one of the bottleneck problems for intelligent management of ground transportation. Although the accuracy of the widely used machine learning-based approaches has been improving, these methods on freeway traffic flow inference tend to become more and more complex and unexplainable, and sometimes even contradict the constraints of freeway access. From the perspective of the potential destination city attractiveness, this study proposes a new method to infer freeway truck volume. First, considering the spatial scope and direction constraints of road transportation, a restricted area search method for potential destination cities of freeway traffic trips is proposed. Second, a freeway traffic inference model was constructed by combining distance and the angle-weighted socioeconomic statistics of each potential destination city. Finally, the Shapley additive explanation value was used to explain how the potential destination city attraction affects the freeway traffic flow. The results show that the proposed method only used 10 indicators; however, the prediction results were closer to the true value, and the computational efficiency improved by 3–10 times over the baseline method. The variables related to spatiotemporal heterogeneity were the most significant variable group, followed by the industrial structure of potential destination cities.

Does COVID-19 lockdown restriction reduce graduate mobility intentions in China? Learning from high frequency job searching behaviors

The migration determinants of graduates are of particular importance for the analysis of regional activities and thus influence city resilience in areas after the COVID-19 pandemic. By constructing a unique dataset from an online recruiting platform, we introduce a new measure of mobility intentions. We also apply the stacked difference-in-differences model to tackle the limitation of staggered treatments with a non-absorbing state brought about by lockdown policies. By comparing intention changes in cities with lockdown regulations to those without such regulations, we conclude that lockdown does influences the decisions of graduates and alter the attractiveness of cities mainly through panic job searching and recruiting digitalization. In a big picture, lockdown causally reduces graduates' mobility intentions by 0.7 %, but this intention increases by 1.2 % after lockdown is lifted. Lockdown policies also affect non-lockdown cities, particularly in cities that are less competitive and those that are in close geographical proximity. We further estimate the effects of lockdown duration and intensity on graduates' mobility intentions and find that full-scale lockdown increases intentions by 2.5 %, whereas partial lockdown increases intentions by only 0.9 %. This study fills the gap between the mobility literature and the COVID-19 literature by establishing the clean lockdown effects on graduate mobility intentions.

Analysis on spatial structure characteristics and influencing factors of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region MICE cities.

Industrial upgrading and transfer is one of the three key areas in the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region. Meetings, incentives, conferences and exhibitions (MICE) are important means of promoting industrial upgrading. Urban MICE industry, as an important carrier of event activities, become an important gripper for coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region. City exhibition space structure plays an dominant role in regional economic development, and it will greatly promote smooth implementation of the coordinated development strategy of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region. In this paper, 13 prefecture-level cities in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei were selected as research objects, and the data from 2012 to 2018 were selected to establish a gravity model of the attractiveness of MICE cities. With the help of UCINET software, the network density, centrality, cohesive subgroup and core-edge of nodes researches were obtained to analyze the spatial structure characteristics of the attractiveness of MICE cities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region. The influencing factors of the spatial characteristics of MICE city attractiveness are analyzed by using geographically weighted regression model. The results show that: (1) Beijing, as the overall core area, act as a prominent role. Beijing strengthens the attraction to the superior resources of the surrounding areas, but the network of MICE cities tends to be unbalanced. (2) Overall space forms a subgroup from a single independent subgroup to a subgroup that is spatially separated from each other and acts as an intermediary channel to connect each other, and the core region decreases from 3 to 2. Langfang was removed from the list, leaving Beijing and Tianjin as the core. (3) The influence of supporting facilities, urban environment and population factors on the MICE city attractiveness of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region is increasing gradually. The influence of tourism development level on the MICE city attractiveness of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region is decreasing gradually. The influence of economic development level and Internet development level on the MICE city attractiveness of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region remains unchanged.

Pasts of the Present

In light of today’s global boom in landmark architecture, urban megaprojects and reconstructions of cultural heritage buildings, this paper analyses two large-scale reconstruction projects at iconic historical locations in Japan: the Heijō Palace in Nara and Dejima in Nagasaki. Since the 1990s, the two projects have recreated long-lost built environments, gradually transforming the sites, turning them into museums and exhibition spaces and giving rise to thorough reform of the surrounding urban fabric. In this paper I trace the involved agents’ motivations to engage in historical reconstruction from early-phase experimental efforts to legitimise the sites’ protected status to present-day politico-economic mobilisations of important historical locations to boost city attraction values. In this way, I link these two unfolding projects in Nara and Nagasaki to issues of urban boosterism, heritage production and the facilitation and commodification of tourist experiences of past realities. Approaching the reconstructions as contemporary heritage in traditional guise, the paper argues that both sites revolve materially, spatially and thematically around the master-metaphors of flow, growth and intercultural connectivity that characterise the present age. Elucidating processes of authentication and intersections of ideological and economic interests in and around the two sites, the paper asks in what ways Japanese cities exploit lost iconic localities and reconstructed heritage under post-industrial conditions marked by globalisation and intense cultural-economic competition.

Social Behavior of Youth in The Old City of Semarang Post Revitalization

The Old City of Semarang revitalization has succeeded in becoming a tourist attraction. The development of the old town is only in the field of tourism. The attractiveness of the old city as a cultural heritage with social, cultural, and historical values has yet to be seen. The purpose of this article is to analyze the meaning of adolescents towards the Old City of Semarang, forms of adolescent behavior in the old city area, and shifts in the sociocultural values of the old city after the revitalization. This research method used a qualitative phenomenological design. The results of this study indicate that teenagers who come to the old town have different meanings. Kota Lama is interpreted as a place of horror, tourist attractions, and historical sites. There are five forms of social behavior of adolescents in the old town: traveling, taking photographs, hanging out, studying, and making money. After the revitalization, changes in the old city include physical, violation of values and norms, economy, and culinary places. With an understanding of the sociocultural values of the ancient city, it is hoped that teenagers can behave well in preserving the old city.

Exploring the spatiotemporal relationships between search flows and travel flows

AbstractNumerous studies attempted to associate search engine data with travel behaviors. However, most existing studies focus on the destinations of search and travel, while ignoring the origins, which embed critical information of where the search requests were initiated and where the travelers came from. In this study, we explore the relationships between two types of intercity origin–destination flow data, namely travel flows and search flows, which, respectively, record the number of travelers and search requests from one city towards another. By comparing the two flows during holiday and non‐holiday, we examine their complex spatiotemporal relationships from multiple perspectives, including time‐lag effect, distance decay effect, spatial autocorrelation, network community, cities' rankings, and important factors of search and travel activities. The findings can deepen our understanding of search and travel behaviors, hence they can help decision makers to develop targeted strategies to enhance city's attractiveness, improve transportation infrastructure, and promote tourism.

The Spatial Association between Residents’ Leisure Activities and Tourism Activities Using Colocation Pattern Measures: A Case Study of Nanjing, China

With the increasing trend of residents and tourists sharing urban spaces, the boundary between leisure spaces and tourism spaces is gradually being blurred. However, few studies have quantified the spatiotemporal correlation patterns of residents’ leisure activities and tourists’ activities. To fill this gap, this paper takes Nanjing as an example to study the temporal and spatial correlation between residents’ leisure activities and tourists’ activities based on mobile phone signal data. First, through kernel density analysis, it is found that there is a spatial overlap between residents’ leisure activities and tourists’ activities. Then, the spatial and temporal correlation patterns of residents’ leisure activities and tourists’ activities are analyzed through the colocation quotient. According to our findings, (1) residents’ leisure activities and tourists’ activities are not spatially correlated, indicating that they are relatively independent in space both during the week and on weekends. (2) On weekday afternoons, the spatial correlation between residents’ and tourists’ leisure activities is strongest. On weekends, the night is when residents’ leisure activities and tourists’ activities are most closely related. (3) The correlation area is mainly distributed in areas near famous scenic spots, as well as public spaces such as parks and squares. Based on the above analysis, this paper aims to study the resident-tourist interaction in the spatial context to provide directions for improving the attractiveness of cities, urban transportation, services, and marketing strategies.

Smart city as a hub for talent and innovative companies: Exploring the (dis) advantages of digital technology implementation in cities

The number of smart city initiatives is growing worldwide at an incredible pace. Their ambition is to add to the competitiveness of local communities through innovation while increasing and attracting users, financial capital and talent by offering an environment suited to current needs. Digital implementation plays a key role in this evolution, facilitating cities' ability to offer and advanced urban environment tailored for its users and stakeholders. In this paper, we examine how digital technology implementation affects the attractiveness of cities in terms of intra- and international talent flows and the creation of innovative companies. Our analysis is based on a dataset of 20 Italian cities over an 11-year period. We use the GLS (Generalized Least Square) panel data estimation method, considering both direct and u-shaped effects to evidence the relationship between digital technology implementation and the attractiveness of cities for intra- and international talents, and to explore an advancing urban environment conducive to innovation and entrepreneurship. Based on empirical outcomes, this study offers valuable insights for both academics and policymakers in understanding and balancing the current interplay between digital implementation, innovative companies, and talents in contemporary cities.

Settlement Development Based On Environmental Carrying Capacity In Batu City, Indonesia

The increase in population and demand for settlement facilities and infrastructure affects the attractiveness of Batu city (Indonesia) and has a significant impact on the environmentWe perform spatial mapping of the environmental carrying capacity in developing settlements using the overlay-geoprocessing method. This method is based on unit indicators such as slope, morthology, soil type, elevation, and potential for disasters for obtaining the data on land capability, land suitability, and settlement development plans. Land capability analysis shows that slope, morthology and altitude are the main factors for attributing moderate, low, and poor development capability. The land capability unit shows the areas with slope steepness and land morthology that are not appropriate for intensively developing areas. Batu City areas of moderate, low, and poor development capacity cover 13,365.14 ha, 3193.04 ha, and 2858.07 ha. We also demonstrate that there is about 2,363 ha of unsuitable land use with poor land capability and 3,784.28 ha of land can be developed for settlement. Using this approach we determine saturation point in the residential area plan, because the environmental impact will increase if no threshold is given for residential development.

How Does Quality of Life (QOL) Affect Attractiveness of Cities and Internal Migration in Turkey?

Abstract The management of internal flows can bring significant benefits to a country in balancing the opportunities between regions or cities. To tackle unequal access to opportunities, the factors that induce internal migration should be understood. This study examines a set of pull and push factors for internal migration by spatial econometric analysis and GIS applications. We find that when the accessibility of amenities increases, the city becomes more attractive and preferable for migrants. In addition, socioeconomic factors also play a significant role in the decision-making process of migrants. In this study, we used a panel dataset that includes socioeconomic and contextual data such as distances to the amenities for each Turkish city in the years between 2012 and 2021. The results show that, in Turkey, internal migration flows from the East to the West, where opportunities are better. Finally, the human capital level of migrants can cause a variety of thoughts about factors, and it can change the order of significance of the variables for people who have a different level of human capital such as education level. Based on the findings, the paper offers several policies suggestions for ensuring a balanced migration in Turkey.

Exploring the Sociodemographic Characteristics and Staple Food Consumption Patterns of Low-Income People in Kendari City, Indonesia

The city's attractiveness encourages urbanization, namely the movement of people from rural to urban areas. Urbanization accompanied by a transition to diet will significantly impact the food system. This study aims to analyze low-income people's sociodemographic characteristics and consumption patterns. This research was conducted in Kendari City. Data collection was carried out in October-November 2021. Determining the research location began by selecting densely populated residential areas in Kendari City. Based on the Geographic Information System (GIS) results, dense residential blocks were obtained in Mandonga District, namely several Neighborhood Units (RT) in Korumba Village and residential blocks in several RTs in Petoaha Village, Abeli District, which are on the coast of Kendari Bay. The low-income people (LIP) population was obtained from data on Social Assistance recipients in each sample village. The total sample is 20% of the population, covering 194 household respondents and extracting data and information using a combination of the food recall and weighing methods. The variables in this study are sociodemographic characteristics, including age, education, number of family members, and gender; house and Yard, as well as variables related to food sources of carbohydrates consumed by MBR households in the last 3 (three) days, including the type, quantity, price, and expenditure of food. Data analysis was carried out in a qualitative descriptive manner, with cross-tabulations and percentages. The results showed that the respondents were at an average age of 44.91 years, the length of schooling was 8.27 years, the number of family members was 4 (four), and most were women, reaching 150 people. Most respondents have houses made of planks (wood), namely 97 people, with yards that have not been fully utilized for agricultural activities. The staple food consumption pattern of the respondent's family is dominated by rice (0.48 kg), and the amount of consumption of sago and cassava is minimal, only 0.07 kg and 0.05 kg, respectively. The most significant expenditure for food sources of carbohydrates is to buy rice, which is IDR 4,756/day. Therefore, policies are needed to encourage urban agricultural activities and revitalize the utilization of non-rice staple foods. Need to be disseminated. One form is not assisting in the form of rice to LIP when there is a government assistance program.

HOT SPOTS IN CITIES – CLASSIFYING EMOTIONS DURING PHYSICAL OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES IN URBAN AREAS

Abstract. Determining emotions of people during different activities (e.g. surfing the web or walking and driving in urban areas) is of high interest to many industries such as the advertising and marketing industry (Imotions, 2022) or city developers and planners (Zeile et al., 2015). However, as the authors have explained in their previous works (Schneider et al., 2020, Dastageeri et al., 2019, Kohn et al., 2018), it is very difficult to determine emotions using surrogate measurements. This is compounded by the fact that many people have trouble to name their emotions correctly as they are often mixed and hardly ever occur as a single and distinct emotion. In order to improve the attractiveness of cities not just based on general presumptions about how citizens would react to certain changes in the urban environment, but based on physical measurements, previous works have shown approaches to do that (Schneider et al., 2020, Dastageeri et al., 2019). They have developed a first attempt to correlate measured physical parameters such as heart rate and skin conductivity (among others) which are triggered by location and environment to emotional states using machine learning. To correlate locations to emotions is an important aspect for city planners, as a person’s emotion for a location defines the personal relationship to a place which can help to gauge the attractiveness of a place and give indicators about where to improve the city or place.

Intellectual property rights policy and foreign direct investment: A quasi‐natural experiment from China

AbstractOver the past 40 years of reform and opening up, China has attracted a large number of foreign investment. However, because of China's weak intellectual property protection environment, it is difficult to protect the intellectual assets of transnational enterprises, which will affect their investment decisions to some extent. In order to optimize the intellectual property system and improve the intellectual property environment, national intellectual property demonstration city policy was proposed in 2012 to improve the institutional environment. To explore the impact of national intellectual property demonstration city policy on foreign capital inflow, we explore the relationship between national intellectual property demonstration city and foreign direct investment (FDI) using the multi‐period differences‐in‐differences (DID) method based on city panel data of China from 2003 to 2019. Results shows the following: (1) Compared with non‐demonstration cities, national intellectual property demonstration cities are profit to FDI promotion. If a city is rated as a national intellectual property demonstration city, local FDI will increase by 5% on average. After a series of robustness tests, the conclusion is still tenable. (2) We find that the national intellectual property demonstration city policy has obvious urban heterogeneity. The effect of national intellectual property demonstration city policy on the increase in FDI is more significant in central cities, western cities, and key cities. (3) The mechanism test shows that national intellectual property demonstration city policies have a positive effect on FDI through increasing the government's strategic expenditure on intellectual property, improving urban technology innovation capacity, optimizing human capital structure, and promoting the marketization of cities. Therefore, China should continue to implement the policy of national intellectual property demonstration city, especially increasing the number of national intellectual property demonstration city in key cities, central cities, and western cities. On the one hand, these findings can help government evaluate the attractiveness of demonstration cities for FDI. On the other hand, it also provides relevant policy enlightenment for the Chinese government to select appropriate demonstration cities and further refine and implement the national intellectual property demonstration city policies.