City Area Research Articles

To the Studies on Pollution of Under Ground Water Mau City

The study focuses on the environmental evaluation and classification of the Mau City area, located in the eastern part of Uttar Pradesh, India. The investigation covers an area of approximately 20 km2 and includes a diverse population in terms of socio- economic, cultural, and geographical characteristics. The population data reveals significant growth, with a population increase from 168,716 in 1991 to 2,205,968 in 2011. Animal populations, including cattle and poultry, have also shown an increasing trend from 2018 to 2020. Fertilizer usage data between 2017 and 2020 indicates fluctuations in the consumption of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, demonstrating potential agricultural impacts on the environment. Water quality analysis is a major part of this study, employing various methods to determine salinity, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Salinity was measured through titration with silver nitrate, while oxygen levels were analyzed using different methods, including dissolved oxygen (DO) analysis. Results indicate variations in water quality across different sampling sites (S1-S6), with key parameters such as pH, turbidity, temperature, and bacterial contamination being recorded monthly for the years 2019 and 2020.The research also involves the collection and analysis of water samples using various devices, including water samplers, bottom samplers, and biological samplers. Methods such as the EDTA method for water hardness, the gravimetric method for sulfate determination, and the colorimetric analysis for iron and chromium concentrations were utilized to evaluate the pollutants in the water. The study provides critical insights into water quality degradation, highlighting the presence of various pollutants, including nitrates, sulfates, and heavy metals like chromium, copper, and iron.

Toxicity, mutagenicity, and source identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient atmosphere and flue gas.

This study aimed to assess the characteristics of particulate matter (PM) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from various stationary and mobile emission sources in Taiwan, with a focus on source apportionment and associated health risks. The northern power plant, equipped with bag filters operating at 150°C, had significantly lower FPM and CPM levels (0.44 and 0.13mg/m3, respectively) compared to the central and southern power plants, which used electrostatic precipitators operating at 250°C (FPM, 1.45-8.35mg/m3; CPM, 2.37-3.73mg/m3). Additionally, emissions from diesel vehicles under both idle and high-speed conditions exhibited higher FPM levels (3.46-4.67mg/m3) than gasoline vehicles (0.19-0.40mg/m3). In terms of PAH toxicity, diesel vehicle emissions had significantly higher BaP-TEQ (87.3ng/m3) and BaP-MEQ (25.9ng/m3) levels compared to power plants (BaP-TEQ, 5.49ng/m3; BaP-MEQ, 2.65ng/m3). The highest ambient concentrations of PM2.5, BaP-TEQ, and BaP-MEQ were recorded at traffic sites, with values of 48 ± 36µg/m3, 0.29ng/m3, and 0.11ng/m3, respectively. Differences in PAH distributions between stationary and mobile sources were influenced by factors such as pollution control technologies, combustion temperatures, and fuel types. Diesel vehicle emissions were dominated by benzo[g,h,i]perylene (BghiP), indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (IND), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), and benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF) under idle conditions, while phenanthrene (PA), pyrene (Pyr), and BghiP were prevalent under high-speed conditions. Source apportionment conducted using principal component analysis (PCA) and positive matrix factorization (PMF) identified diesel and gasoline vehicles as the dominant contributors to atmospheric PAHs in Taiwan, accounting for 38% of the total, followed by coal-fired power plants at 35%. The highest lifetime excess cancer risk (ECR) of 2.5 × 10⁻5 was observed in traffic-dense areas, emphasizing the public health implications of vehicle emissions. The study adds credibility to the source apportionment findings, and the health risk analysis highlights variations across different regions, including traffic, urban, rural, and background zones.

Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Trace Element Deposition in Urban Thessaloniki: A Syntrichia Moss Biomonitoring Study

Urban air pollution, especially from heavy metal (HM) contamination, poses significant risks to human health and environmental sustainability. This study investigates the spatial and temporal distribution of HM contamination in Thessaloniki, Greece, using Syntrichia moss as a bioindicator to inform urban environmental management strategies. Moss samples were collected from 16 locations representing diverse urban activity zones (motorway, industrial, city center, airport) in March, May, and July 2024. The concentrations of 12 HMs (Al, Sb, As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Pb, Ni, V, and Zn) were analyzed using ICP-MS, and the contamination factors were calculated relative to controlled moss samples. The results revealed significant spatial variation, with elevated levels of As, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Zn, particularly in high-traffic and industrial zones, exceeding the background levels by up to severe and extreme contamination categories. Temporal trends showed decreases in Al, Ba, and Ni from March to July 2024, while Cr and Cu increased, suggesting seasonally varying sources. Multivariate analyses further distinguished the contamination patterns, implicating traffic and industrial activities as key contributors. Syntrichia effectively captures HM contamination variability, demonstrating its value as a cost-effective bioindicator. These findings provide critical data that can guide urban planners in developing targeted pollution mitigation strategies, ensuring compliance with the European Green Deal’s Zero Pollution Action Plan.

Threshold effects of vegetation cover on production-living-ecological functions coordination in Xiangyang City, China.

Clarifying the nonlinear impacts of vegetation cover on production-living-ecological function (PLEF) coordination is essential to ecological restoration regulation and sustainable land use. However, the threshold effect of vegetation cover on PLEF coordination, particularly in major function-oriented zones (MFZs), has yet to receive attention. This study selected Xiangyang City, China, as the case area to identify the impact threshold of vegetation cover on PLEF coordination from the perspectives of the region as a whole and MFZ, respectively. The results showed that the PLEF coordination was high in the center and east while low in the west. For production-ecological function, 51.46% of the area was primarily coordinated and above, while for production-living function, 61.35% of the city area was severely uncoordinated. Vegetation cover was high in the west and low in the east. A negative correlation existed between vegetation cover and PLEF coordination. Urban built-up areas with lower vegetation cover showed higher levels of PLEF coordination, whereas western mountainous regions with higher vegetation cover demonstrated lower levels of PLEF coordination. Furthermore, vegetation cover exhibited a pronounced threshold effect on PLEF coordination, featuring conspicuous regional variations. The identified thresholds of vegetation cover for PLEF coordination in key development, agricultural production, and key ecological function zones were 0.3896, 0.2272, and 0.8161, respectively. Our study provides scientific references for the impact assessment of ecological restoration and the synergistic enhancement of land functions.

Trace Element Composition of Surface Water in Almaty City and Human Health Risk Assessment

This investigation meticulously examined the elemental composition of 64 water samples collected during the seasons of spring, summer, autumn, and winter of the year 2023. The average seasonal concentrations of arsenic (As), beryllium (Be), cobalt (Co), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lithium (Li), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), selenium (Se), uranium (U), mercury (Hg), aluminum (Al), barium (Ba), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), strontium (Sr), vanadium (V), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), and chlorine (Cl) as well as SO4 and dry residue were computed at 16 strategically selected sites along the Bolshaya and Malaya Almatinka, Esentai, and Kargalinka rivers situated in Almaty. The sampling locations were categorized into three distinct sectors: upper (adjacent to mountainous regions), middle (urban zone), and lower (exceeding city limits), thereby facilitating the examination of discrepancies in water quality and elemental concentrations. The results reveal that surface water resources in Almaty, particularly concerning As, Ni, Cr, U, and Pb, may present a considerable carcinogenic risk if utilized for consumption purposes. This is especially alarming given that these rivers constitute a vital source of drinking water for the inhabitants of the city. Specifically, at two sampling locations along the Bolshaya and Malaya Almatinka rivers in proximity to significant urban thoroughfares, untreated river water displayed an elevated carcinogenic risk (CR ~ 10−2). These results highlight the urgent necessity for enhanced water treatment and ongoing monitoring to safeguard public health.

Dampak Kesehatan Mental dan Atmosfer kerja Terhadap Motivasi Kerja Karyawan

Isnawati The Impact of Mental Health and Work Atmosphere on Employee Work Motivation (Case Study on Private Employees in Surabaya City), Institut of Economic Science Pemuda Surabaya, Mentor Nur Farida, S.M., M.M. The purpose of this research is to determine how the working environment and mental health of private employees in the Surabaya City area affect their motivation for their jobs. 150 private workers from a range of industrial sectors made up the research sample. A Likert scale questionnaire survey is employed as the data collection method to gauge factors related to job motivation, workplace culture, and mental wellness. The findings of data analysis using SPSS indicate that private employees' motivation at work is significantly positively impacted by their mental health and the environment in which they operate. The results of the partial t-test indicate that job motivation is significantly impacted to some extent by mental health and the work environment. Simultaneous F tests verify that work motivation is significantly impacted by both mental health and the workplace environment.

A Qualitative Study of Doxycycline Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Among Healthcare Providers in New York City

Abstract Background Three randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the efficacy of doxycycline for bacterial sexually transmitted infection post-exposure prophylaxis (Doxy PEP). Few studies have assessed provider knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding Doxy PEP implementation. Between July of 2023 and January 2024, this study qualitatively assessed KAP and intention to prescribe Doxy PEP among healthcare providers in the New York City area. Methods In-depth, semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with 18 healthcare provider key informants including physicians, nurse practitioners and physician assistants from various practice settings. Transcripts were analyzed using inductive KAP codes, with additional deductive coding used to identify emergent subthemes. Results The following themes were identified: (1) STI Disparities, (2) Doxy PEP Experience, (3) Doxy PEP Benefits, (4) Doxy PEP Concerns, and (5) Doxy PEP Implementation. Doxy PEP knowledge was high, with all providers being aware and most (78%) having prescribed it to at least one patient at the time of interview. Providers were knowledgeable of factors contributing to high rates of STIs. Benefits included reducing STI anxiety. Concerns included contributing to antimicrobial resistance and impacts on microbiota. Practice implications included challenges getting Doxy PEP approved by the pharmacy. These factors were shown to affect Doxy PEP’s perceived acceptability. Conclusions To ensure that Doxy PEP is implemented safely and equitably, KAP factors that may influence provider decision-making should be examined. Understanding providers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices and how they affect intention to prescribe Doxy PEP, and to what patients, has important implications for successful implementation.

Geographically corrected clustering applied to establish medical service areas

Abstract. In the current paper, we discover a case study of medical service areas zoning automation needed to ensure effective operation of phthisiatric service. The study was conducted for the administrative area of Saint Petersburg city (Russia). Originally, the process of phthisiatric service areas zoning bases upon outdated interpretation of medical maintenance of territories, and assumes splitting of living buildings list compiled for some administrative territory. This leads to appearing of different zoning features (service area geometry and topology, workload imbalance, etc.), which impact the quality and effectiveness of medical service. No unified and(or) open source tools for geographically corrected (in the meaning of accounting of the different spatial factors and variables) medical service areas zoning are available now. Our study is focussed onto closing of this lack basing on geospatial techniques and data management methods. To ensure the automated phthisiological medical service areas zoning we elaborated and tested a set of scripts available to be running in QGIS. Elaborated methodology was documented and considered as a possible for implementation into technological chain of Saint Petersburg phthisiatric service.

Malaria Epidemiology in Rask City and Surrounding Areas (2020 - 2023), Southeast Iran

Background: Malaria, a disease caused by Plasmodium parasites and transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes, remains a major global health challenge, causing widespread illness and mortality. Objectives: This study provides an in-depth analysis of malaria trends in Rask, Southeast Iran, from 2018 to 2023, assessing malaria prevalence, transmission factors, and impacts on the local population and healthcare system. Methods: Blood samples were collected from individuals suspected of having malaria at health centers in Rask. For each positive case, demographic information was recorded in a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 26, with t-tests applied to compare variables. Results: Findings indicate a peak in malaria cases in 2022, with an annual incidence rate of 2.49%. The most common species identified was Plasmodium vivax, affecting primarily males over the age of 12, with the highest number of cases reported in September. Conclusions: The results underscore the urgent need to enhance malaria prevention and control measures. The study emphasizes the value of targeted interventions, including improvements to prevention and treatment programs, reinforcement of healthcare systems, and advancement of health infrastructure. These strategies should consider climatic patterns and rainfall rates to effectively address malaria transmission dynamics.

The Stability of Buddhism and Persistence of a Sufficient Living of the Laotians make Self-Immunity to Changing Socio-cultural in the Urbanity of Vientiane, Lao PDR

The research studied self-sufficiency living through the frugality practice of Laotians living in Vientiane city area. Data collections were performed using 400 surveys and 30 sets of questionnaires with community leaders, young adults, state officers, private staffs, general citizens and youths. Result found that Vientiane Laotians are strictly Buddhism and they have more than two occupations due to low wages and high cost of livings. The majority of the citizens are part of young adults’ group and women group. Due to high cost of living, urban living required Laos people to be frugal on a daily basis. They dine together and works are self-reliance. Sustainability and sufficiency are practiced among households at a medium level, but people portrayed extremely high generosity level towards each other. Environment and nature conservation are a big part of their ‘normality’. Vientiane Laotians often attend social gatherings after work. Their demonstrated strong beliefs in Buddhism, of which the religion has encouraged them to live in unity following the Sufficiency Economy Dharmachakra Model.

Spatiotemporal Changes and Driving Mechanisms of Ecosystem Service Supply–Demand Contradictions Under Urbanization

Clarifying the driving mechanisms of ecosystem service (ES) supply and demand under urbanization is of significant importance for urban ecological planning and management. However, how the balance of ES supply and demand and its driving mechanisms vary with the degree of urbanization has been little studied. In this study, we analyzed the spatiotemporal changes and the correlations between ES supply and demand and the degree of urbanization in the Zhengzhou Metropolitan Area (ZZMA) from 2000 to 2020 and further explored the driving mechanisms behind these changes. The results showed that, (1) between 2000 and 2020, the ZZMA experienced a deficit in comprehensive ES supply and demand, and regions with rapid urbanization development were more likely to trigger imbalances in ES supply and demand; (2) the spatial mismatch between low–high ES supply and demand was primarily distributed in the built-up areas of various cities, while the high–low spatial mismatch was mostly found in forest and grassland areas; (3) the comprehensive urbanization level of the ZZMA was spatially negatively correlated with the ratio of ES supply and demand. Regions with lower ES balance were more susceptible to disturbances caused by urbanization; (4) population density was the key factor influencing the supply and demand of carbon sequestration, oxygen release, water conservation, and food provision services, while the proportions of forest land and construction areas had the greatest influence on the supply and demand of air purification and leisure services. It is important to ensure the ecological status of the northwestern, southwestern, and central mountainous and forested areas; maintain the agricultural status of the main grain-producing areas in the eastern plains; strengthen ecological restoration and green infrastructure in built-up areas; and formulate differentiated management policies to promote the sustainable supply of ES and safeguard the ecological security of the region.

Assessment of Errors in Handwritten Prescriptions in Zliten City- Libya

Errors in handwritten prescriptions are a major factor in medical errors and are the main cause of harm to patients due to the lack of clarity of the prescription or the lack of correct data, which leads to the prescription of the wrong medication, causing adverse events. The present study aimed to identify the common errors in handwriting prescriptions in Zliten City. To collect information about errors in handwritten prescriptions, we used two models: first, we distributed fifty-one questionnaires to fifty-one pharmacies distributed in all areas of Zliten city, and second, we collected one hundred and fifty prescriptions from different health facilities distributed in different areas within Zliten city. The questionnaires and prescriptions then analysed to identify medical errors. In the first model of the questionnaire, the results are as follows: the patient's name and age are often present, while the gender, doctor's name, and stamp are often absent. The main issue lies in the clarity of the font for the drug's name, dose, and dosage form. In the second model of the prescriptions, the results are as follows: the patient's name is mostly present, while gender and diagnosis are absent in about 40% of the prescriptions, the doctor's name is mostly absent, and only 2% of the prescriptions have the doctor's stamp and number in the syndicate, and the main issue lies in the clarity of the font for the drug's name, dose, and dosage form., as it is unclear in between 20-30% of the prescriptions. We found that the patient's information is present in most prescriptions the opposite of the questionnaire in which it is less. Also in the prescriber's information, the analysis in our result for prescription contradicted the questionnaires, as most prescribers in the questionnaire are present, we also found that during the analysis of drug information in prescription not clear more than in the questionnaire. From this research, we concluded that there are many errors in prescriptions, possibly because of the large number of cases that need to be seen by the doctor and the speed of writing, and perhaps because doctors forget the vocabulary of the names of medicines. Because of the many errors in handwritten prescriptions, we must immediately switch to computerized prescription writing.

Seasonal differences of 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in children and adolescents from Mexico City and Metropolitan Area.

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with bone metabolism and immune disorders. Radiation's seasonal variation affects vitamin D status more at the poles. In Mexico, near the equator, there have been reports of 10-20% vitamin D deficiency in children. There is no consensus on the definition of vitamin D deficiency, different organizations consider that a vitamin D level should be above 20 to 30 ng/ml. This study aimed to analyze vitamin D serum concentrations in children and adolescents from Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area (MA) during different seasons. Cross-sectional study in children and adolescents aged 5-20 years from Mexico City and Metropolitan Area, from autumn 2016 to winter 2017. Variables of interest such as anthropometric measurements, food consumption, and physical activity were analyzed. A total of 816 children and adolescents were included. A high frequency of vitamin D deficiency was detected in 40.7% of the sample. The lowest vitamin D status occurred in winter 2016 and winter 2017. We found a higher frequency of vitamin D deficiency during winter in children and adolescents in Mexico City and MA. This risk persisted after adjusting for age, sex, BMI Z-score, milk consumption, physical activity, and screen time.

The Widening Role of the Digital Economy on Regional Income Differences - Evidence from the National Pilot Zone for Innovative Development of the Digital Economy

A growing body of research suggests that the digital economy may create opportunities to combat income inequality. However, these studies have focused more on the difference between countryside and city areas, neglecting the intervene of the state, regional differences and labour market in digital economy. Therefore, this paper collects data on the average income of different cities and the average wage of their digital economy workforce, and uses the Theil Index, DID and mediated-effects methods to study the setup of the National Pilot Zone for the Innovative Development of the Digital Economy as well as the status of income equality within the pilot zone. The paper also analyses heterogeneity based on geographic location, and uses a mediation effect model to measure the role of the income of digital economy practitioners in the impact of the National Pilot Zone for the Innovative Development of the Digital Economy on inter-regional income disparities. Study finds that the pilot zone widens the inter-regional income gap. This result is caused by the uneven spatial distribution between regions and industries. Labour wages in the relevant industries are also an important factor mediating the effect between developing the digital economy and the elimination of income inequality.

Anthropogenic Impact on Soils of Cities Irkutsk, Angarsk

The morphological field description of soil profiles of the territory of Irkutsk region was carried out. Samples of soils, soil-forming rocks and vegetation were taken for further physical and chemical analyses to determine soil properties in the studied areas. Sample preparation of soils was carried out, phytotoxicity of soils was analyzed. Processing of the obtained data was carried out, as a result of which the percentage of germination of radish seeds in the upper horizons of soils of the key areas of Irkutsk and Angarsk cities was revealed, the length of shoots and the length of roots in the soils of the studied samples were measured, the index of soil toxicity was calculated.

Groundwater Dynamics in the Middle Brahmaputra River Basin: A Case Study of Shallow Aquifers in Inner Guwahati City, Assam, India

This study investigated the hydrogeological characteristics and groundwater dynamics in the shallow aquifer zones of inner Guwahati city, Assam, India. Sixteen dug wells spread across the city, specifically used for domestic purposes, were selected for this study. Additionally, ten wells were selected for trend analysis. The borehole lithology reveals predominant compositions of clay, sand, and granules, with thin clay cappings indicating significant groundwater potential. Depth-to-water level analysis revealed varying water levels across the study area, with shallow levels in the northern and western regions and gradual deepening toward the eastern and southern parts. The groundwater flow directions show nonuniform patterns and reflect the influence of topography and domestic pumping in urban residential zones. The general groundwater flow direction is toward the Brahmaputra River. Trends in groundwater level, assessed using the Mann–Kendall test and Sen’s slope, suggest both falling and rising trends across different locations, indicating complex groundwater dynamics influenced by factors such as recharge, extraction, and topography. However, the long-term rainfall data indicate no significant trend over the studied period, suggesting limited natural influence on groundwater level trends. These findings may contribute to a comprehensive understanding of groundwater dynamics in the study area and are essential for sustainable water resource management and mitigation of groundwater depletion risks.

Accessibility Measures to Evaluate Public Transport Competitiveness: The Case of Rome and Turin

The transport sector worldwide relies heavily on oil products, and private cars account for the largest share of passenger mobility in several countries. Public transport could represent an interesting alternative under many perspectives, including a decrease in traffic, pollutants, and climate emissions. However, for public transport to succeed, it should be attractive for final users, representing a viable alternative to private mobility. In this work, we analyse the spatial distribution of public transport service provision within two metropolitan cities, considering the three key dimensions of mobility, competitiveness, and accessibility of public transport. The results show that private car performs better than public transport in all scopes considered, and that performance indicators are highly variable among city areas, indicating inequalities in social and environmental sustainability in urban systems. The outcomes of the analysis provide interesting insights for policy makers and researchers that deal with similar topics, and can also be extended to other cities and countries.

Greening urban areas in line with population density and ecological zone can reduce premature mortality

Urban green space and urban compactness are each important principles for designing healthy, climate-resilient cities. The principles can co-exist, but greening may come at density’s expense if not considered deliberately. Existing studies estimating health impacts of greening scenarios have not considered what level of greenness is attainable for different population densities. Here, using the square kilometer as the unit of analysis, we estimate non-accidental mortality that could be prevented among adults older than 30 by greening that small area to a level of greenness assumed to be attainable based on its broader urban area (N = 15,917 globally), population density, and ecological zone. Results suggest a large potential for urban greening even in the most population-dense parts of cities such that on average 54 deaths per 100,000 could be prevented per year in those areas. That estimate may be about 25% higher or lower due to uncertainty in the underlying model.

Urban heat islands’ effects on the thermo-energy performance of buildings according to their socio-economic factors

Urban areas experience the urban heat island (UHI) effect, which affects the thermal comfort and energy consumption of buildings. These consequences could vary depending on the socio-economic status of the neighbourhoods. Few studies have investigated how UHI affects socio-economically contrasting districts in thermal comfort and energy performance. Therefore, the primary goal of this research is to evaluate and compare the energy efficiency and thermal comfort conditions of residential buildings in the same city (Temuco, Chile) but located in socio-economically contrasting neighbourhoods. Urban weather files were first modelled in four urban zones using UWG software. Also, EnergyPlus building simulations were conducted to evaluate discomfort hours in adaptive comfort models and energy performance. The results showed annual average UHI intensities between 1.5 and 2.5 K. Urban–rural cooling energy load differences ranged between 12.47% and 38.92%, while heating energy load differences ranged between -20.47% and -81.95%. These distinctions depended on the urban zone, residence model analysed, or energy building standard applied. Similarly, urban-rural differences in thermal comfort times varied from 0.5% to 100%. Results illustrate that the risk of overheating could increase in socio-economically vulnerable areas. This issue could worsen if urban segregation continues to generate poor urban design in low-income districts.

Quantifying residents' exposure to agricultural pesticides using new geospatial approaches

A better understanding of environmental exposure to agricultural pesticides is crucial for public health, regulatory and management purposes. Residents in close vicinity to agricultural fields are likely to be more exposed to pesticides. In that context, an innovative geospatial approach for mapping estimates of agricultural pesticide exposure was developed in this study.Data on pesticide application rates, high-resolution annual datasets of the geographic distribution of crops, and the 100x100m grid population dataset were utilized to complete this analysis in Wallonia (Belgium) over the period 2015-2019. Pesticide exposure metrics were estimated using a buffer-based exposure model by conducting neighborhood analysis within a 1000m buffer radius. Subsequently, a population weighted method was used to ‘up-scale’ the exposure data to administrative levels. In a limited validation effort, model estimates were compared with pesticide measurements in air collected at 12 stations during the period 2015-2016.The results present the first modeling map of environmental exposure to agricultural pesticides for the whole of the Walloon region. The northern part of the Sambre-Meuse axis demonstrates more intensive agriculture and the highest pesticide weighted exposure indices. The majority of the population resides near agricultural areas, with only 4% living in regions that lack crops within a 1000m radius, primarily in the central areas of large cities. A positive trend association between pesticide measures in air and the index was observed at the different stations, nevertheless further validation efforts are needed to accurately compare the same active ingredients.This work gives a valuable basis for research and environmental health actions in Belgium. Maps highlight areas where human biomonitoring and epidemiological studies should be implemented to investigate the impact of potential environmental exposure to pesticides. This information helps policy-makers to take measures to control and reduce the load of agricultural pesticides in the environment.