Citrus Unshiu Fruits Research Articles

柑橘類果実の薬理学的研究(第2報)ウンシュウミカン果実の抗アレルギー作用その2 フラボノイド成分について

A study was carried out to clarify the active component of green fruit of Citrus unshiu MAKOVICH on the type I allergic reaction. The flavonoid component, isolated from its methanolic extract, hesperidin, was found to inhibit histamine release from peritoneal mast cells of rats induced by compound 48/80. Forty eight-hour homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in intact rats was significantly inhibited by the oral administration of hesperidin. However, the anti-allergic action on PCA was not observed in adrenalectomized rats. These results suggests that hesperidin is an effective component of the fruit of Citrus unshiu with the anti-allergic action against the type I reaction.

Chemical composition of the juice of the fruit ofCitrus unshiu

Chemical composition of the juice of the fruit ofCitrus unshiu

Pyropheophorbide a, A catabolite of ethylene-induced chlorophyll a degradation

An enzyme extract prepared from ethylene-induced degreening fruits of Citrus unshiu contains chlorophyll degrading enzymes. The fate of chlorophyll carbons during an enzymatic degradation was investigated using [ 14 C]-chlorophyll a . Accompaning the disappearance of labelled chlorophyll a , labelled chlorophyllide a , pheophorbide a , and pyropheophorbide a appeared respectively, and accumulation of pyropheophorbide a was observed. Unlike ethylene-induced Citrus fruits ( in vivo ), further degradation of pyropheophorbide a did not occur in the in vitro enzyme system. The significance of these pigments in regreening of Citrus fruits is discussed.

柑橘類果実の薬理学的研究(第1報)ウンシュウミカン果実の抗アレルギー作用 その1

A study was carried out to examine the effect of 50% ethanolic extract from green fruit of Citrus unshiu Markovich on type I, II and IV allergic reactions. Forty eight-hour homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in rats as a typical model of the type I reaction was significantly inhibited by the oral administration of the extract. Complement-dependent cytolysis of sheep red blood cell as a typical model of the type II reaction was significantly inhibited by incubation with it. Contact dermatitis in mice as a model of the type IV reaction caused by picryl chloride or sheep red blood cell was significantly inhibited by the oral application of it. The anti-allergic actions decreased with the growth of fruit of Citrus unshiu. These results suggested that the 50% ethanolic extract from green fruit of Citrus unshiu have anti-allergic actions against the type I, II and IV reactions.

Lipids of the fruit of Citrus unshiu

The compositions and the amounts of various groups of liposoluble compounds in the component elements of the fruits ofCitrus unshiu Marc. [satsuna variety of mandarin orange] — the flavedo, the albedo, the membrane, and the flesh — have been determined by chromatographic and chemical methods. About 30 groups of lipid compounds belonging to the classes of neutral lipids and glyco- and phospholipids have been identified and characterized. The fatty-acid compositions of the main classes of lipids have been studied. About 30 different carotenoids have been determined in the various elements of the satsuma orange.

An ethylene-forming enzyme in Citrus unshiu fruits

An ethylene-forming enzyme from Citrus unshiu fruits was purified some 630-fold. The enzyme catalysed ethylene formation from 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid in the presence of pyridoxal phosphate, β-indoleacetic acid, Mn 2+ and 2,4-dichlorophenol. It behaved as a protein of MW 40 000 on Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration, and gave one band corresponding to a MW of 25 000 on SDS-PAGE. It had a specific activity of 0.025 μmol/min·mg protein. It exhibited IAA oxidase activity and had no guaiacol peroxidase or NADH oxidase activity. Its K m for ACC was 2.8 mM, and its pH optimum was 5.7. It was inhibited by potassium cyanide n-propyl gallate and Tiron. d-Mannose, histidine, iodoacetate, PCMB, dimethylfuran and superoxide dismutase showed no inhibition. β-Indoleacrylic acid against IAA competitively inhibited ethylene formation. Other IAA analogues, such as β-indolepropionic acid, β-indolecarboxylic acid and β-indolebutylic acid, slightly stimulated ethylene formation. β-Indoleacrylic acid against 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid non-competitively inhibited ethylene formation. Ascorbate was a potent inhibitor. The inhibitory effects, however, were not always reproduced in vivo. It is difficult to identify this enzyme system as a natural in vivo system from the above observations. Nevertheless, the possible in vivo participation of this in vitro enzyme system is discussed.

Hydrophobic chromatographic purification of ethylene-enhanced chlorophyllase from Citrus unshiu fruits

Ethylene-enhanced chlorophyllase from Citrus unshiu fruits was purified to a homogeneous state after solubilization with sodium cholate, using acetone precipitation and hydrophobic chromatography. The enzyme adhered to phenyl Sepharose CL-4B in 3M KCl and was eluted with a linear gradient of Triton X-100 (0–0.5%). Its MW (SDS-PAGE) was 27 000. The enzyme behaved as a protein of MW 110 000 on Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration. The enzyme showed a specific activity of 0.069 μamol chlorophyllide a produced/min/ mg protein. This purification procedure is a rapid method for obtaining pure chlorophyllase.

Purification of ethylene-enhanced chlorophyllase from Citrus unshiu Fruits.

Purification of ethylene-enhanced chlorophyllase from Citrus unshiu Fruits.

温州ミカン混濁ジュース中の懸濁パルプの形状, 量および寸法に関する研究

This research was conducted to determine the shape, the total volume of pulp and volume, size distribution and p value (assumed average particle size) of sample′s pulp over 0.05mm in minimum size in cloudy juice taken from each process in the chopper pulper or In-Line juice extractor systems of A, B and C juice plants and to investigate changes in these volumes and values viz. each juice extraction system at these plants.(1) It was possible to separate pulp over 0.05mm in size into ten fractions according to size by the use of washing, and ten testing sieves with 20, 35, 60, 100, 145, 170, 200, 250, 280 and 300 mesh openings. P value was estimated through the results of this sieving process.(2) Pulp separated over 0.05mm in size was neither uniform nor regular in shape. Under the miscroscope, many pulp particles exhibited the pericarp in pieces which were torn, had ragged edges, or rectangular form. The shapes produced by the chopper pulper process displayed more torn shapes than those of the In-Line juice extractor process.(3) The total volume of pulp, the volume and p value of pulp over 0.05mm in size were 700, 550 and 750ml, 454, 502 and 546ml, 0.74, 0.86 and 0.72mm from the chopper pulper process and 500, 650 and 450ml, 438, 478 and 372ml, 0.85, 0.89 and 0.76mm from the In-Line juice extractor process, respectively. There were differences in these values between both systems. Compared to the volume of In-Line juice extractor process the total volume of pulp and the volume of pulp over 0.05mm in size from the chopper pulper process were large but the p value from the In-Line juice extractor process was larger than for the chopper pulper process. These volumes and values with the pulper finisher process in both system were 350, 275 and 350ml, 233, 226 and 234ml, 0.22, 0.32 and 0.28mm and 256 and 250ml, 196 and 180ml, 0.27 and 0.24mm, respectively. Although the flow diagram of the C juice plant was different from that of the A and C juice plants, these values were decreased by about 1/2 or 1/3 by this process. By the centrifugal machine, these volumes and values were decreased by 150, 100 and 90ml, 104, 88 and 73ml, 0.15, and 0.14mm, respectively. These volumes and values were decreased by about 1/5.7 compared with the volume and value of the chopper pulper and In-Line juice extractor process. For that reason, it seems that these volumes and values were adjusted by the pulper finisher and the centrifugal machine.(4) When straight juice was prepared by hand Reamer juice extractor from six Citrus Unshiu fruits cultivated in different districts there were large differences in the total volume of pulp over 0.05mm in size. It was recognized that these volumes and values were affected by the properties of the raw material.

Plant Growth Substances in the Young Fruit ofCitrus unshiu

Plant Growth Substances in the Young Fruit of<i>Citrus unshiu</i>

Plant Growth Substances in the Young Fruit of Citrus unshiu

Journal Article Plant Growth Substances in the Young Fruit of Citrus unshiu Get access Michiharu Igoshi, Michiharu Igoshi Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Isomaro Yamaguchi, Isomaro Yamaguchi Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Nobutaka Takahashi, Nobutaka Takahashi Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kazuyoshi Hirose Kazuyoshi Hirose Okitsu Branch, Horticultural Research Station, Okitsu, Shimizu, Shizuoka-ken, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 35, Issue 4, 1 April 1971, Pages 629–631, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1971.10859967 Published: 01 April 1971 Article history Received: 02 February 1970 Published: 01 April 1971