Citizenship Status Research Articles

Arrest Web Entanglement: Female Domestic Violence Survivors' Experiences with Police Intervention and Coercively Controlling Male Partners.

Although U.S.-based mandatory and preferred arrest laws and policies were created to promote domestic violence survivors' safety, at times they have contributed to the wrongful arrest of women defending themselves against their abusive partners. While these laws and policies are the subject of broad critique, less considered are domestic violence survivors' descriptions of the events that unfold after police officers respond to a domestic violence incident and before they make an arrest. This is an important area of inquiry as these events may highlight how the circumstances leading to wrongful arrest decisions are more complex than the laws and policies alone. Data from the present study came from the author's larger in-depth qualitative investigation of 33 cisgender women's descriptions of their legal and child protection systems involvement. The women were recruited from an antiviolence intervention agency receiving referrals from communities with mandatory and preferred laws and policies. The women had agency contact due to their use of force or alleged use of force. The respondents were diverse across race, age, class, ability, U.S. citizenship status, and sexual identity. The author analyzed the 33 women's 51 interview transcripts and extensive fieldnotes using rigorous iterative analysis and constructivist grounded theory. The analysis revealed that seven of the 33 women, all of whom identified domestic and sexual violence survivorship histories, described a patterned series of events that unfolded after the police arrived at the domestic violence incident and before the police made an arrest. In this study, the author details three of the seven women's stories to demonstrate how a series of events, including police prearrest questioning and their coercively controlling male partners' tactics, facilitated the women's entanglement in what the author refers to as an "arrest web." Their incremental disentanglement from the arrest's impact is also explored. Broad system-focused implications are discussed.

What Is It Like to Be in Alcohol Addiction Recovery? A Dialectical Phenomenological Analysis

Plain Language SummaryIn the mental health field, there is still no consensus on what it means to be in alcohol addiction recovery beyond controlling alcohol use, which challenges the development of treatments and policies aimed at promoting more than symptom remission. We believe part of this issue is due to the hegemony of strictly objective approaches that lack theoretical resources to grasp recovery experiences. Hence, we tried to contribute to recovery understanding by analyzing the recovery experiences of individuals with alcohol addiction. For this, we used the dialectical phenomenological psychopathology perspective as a theoretical lens, which consists of a study approach in psychopathology that investigates experiences of mental disorders and their typical ways of relating to the world. Through this perspective, we examined online interviews of 8 Brazilian, São Paulo state citizens, who were self-declared to be undergoing alcohol addiction recovery (or who declared that they had completely recovered). Their reports indicated that recovery was a process that featured changes in self-relation, changes in interpersonal relations, changes in time relation, and giving new meanings to alcohol use and suffering. Those transformations were also interpreted by participants’ worldviews of spiritual experience, moral reformation, and mentality change. In the discussion, we understood such changes as transformations in the way they experience an act in the world, which are developed by continued management of their own alcohol addiction vulnerabilities. Although we consider the results preliminary when it comes to conceptualizing recovery, we believe they may help future studies to develop therapeutic strategies committed to promoting patient recovery.

Role of information sources in adherence to COVID-19-related safety measures among college students in the USA

Objective During the COVID-19 pandemic, information sources such as public officials, national/international media, social media, public health agencies, college/university officials, etc., played a vital role in adherence to safety measures, including hygiene practices, social distancing, and mask-wearing. We analyze the role of trusted sources of information in adherence to safety measures and explore potential disparities among US college students during the pandemic. Methods We analyze Healthy Minds Study (HMS) 2020–2021 COVID Module data and utilize multivariable logistic regressions controlling for sociodemographic and COVID-19-related factors. Subgroup analyses were conducted by gender, citizenship status, race, and educational level. Results Significant differences were found in adherence to safety measures when information was received from different sources. Demographic subgroups within the college student population depended on different sources of COVID-19-related information. Adherence to COVID-19-related safety measures also differed by demographic characteristics. Conclusion This analysis supports the necessity for targeted health-related messaging among US college students.

Should I Pay, Or Should I Quash? The Role of Governments’ Ideology in Ransom Payment

ABSTRACT Does governments’ ideology influence the likelihood of ransom payment? Despite a steady interest in hostage-taking events, this question remains unanswered. In this article, I argue that ideology contributes to explaining governments’ decisions to pay or not pay ransoms: guided by individualising moral foundations, left-leaning governments are more likely to concede to terrorists to save lives. I test the theoretical argument through a quantitative analysis of abductions between 1970 and 2020 whose victims are citizens of OECD member states. Two results stand out. The presence of leftist governments increases the likelihood of ransom payment, but the abduction of statesmen mitigates its impact. This work contributes to hostage-taking and Foreign Policy Analysis literature by covering an apparent gap in these fields. It also fosters studies on the role of ideology in security issues and moral dilemmas by focusing on a peculiar event that scholars have largely overlooked.

The eviction room: How Carolina Maria de Jesus can help us analyze migration, segregation, and the politics of citizenship in the city

In this paper, I propose the “eviction room” as an analytical frame for the linked struggles of citizens and noncitizens living at the urban margins. The metaphor of the eviction room was coined by Carolina Maria de Jesus, a late Black Brazilian writer and favela dweller. De Jesus sees the city as a house: the city center is its luxurious living room; the favela, its eviction room, a precarious space to which the racialized urban poor are pushed like disposable objects. Expanding on this metaphor, we can think of those segregated and stigmatized in a city’s eviction rooms as not only physically but also politically cast out. Regardless of their legal citizenship status, eviction room dwellers are constructed as the immanent others of the “good citizens” inhabiting the city’s living rooms. Segregated in space, their presence is transient in time given their “evictability.” While the frame of the eviction room can help us make sense of the urban marginalization of both citizens and noncitizens, it assumes neither their social homogeneity nor a united “politics of the evicted.” I expand on possible strategies within such politics, as well as on the spatial and temporal dimensions of the city as a house with an ever-shifting plan. The eviction room advances a research agenda centered on migration, residential segregation, and the politics of citizenship relevant to urban contexts across the global south and north.

Exploring the Links Between Immigration and Birth Outcomes Among Latine Birthing Persons in the USA.

Birth outcomes are worse for birthing people and infants in the USA than other high-income economies and worse still for underprivileged communities. Historically, the Latine community has experienced positive birth outcomes, despite low socioeconomic status and other socio-political disadvantages, leading to what has been termed as the Hispanic birth paradox. However, this perinatal advantage and protective effect appears to have been shattered by unfavorable policies, structural conditions, societal attitudes, and traumatic events impacting Latine immigrants, leading to negative effects on the health and well-being of birthing Latines-regardless of citizenship status and increasing rates of preterm birth and low birth weight infants. We conducted a comprehensive literature review and identified two pathways through which birth outcomes among Latine birthing persons may be compromised regardless of citizenship status: (1) a biological pathway as toxic levels of fear and anxiety created by racialized stressors accumulate in the bodies of Latines and (2) a social pathway as Latines disconnect from formal and informal sources of support including family, friends, health care, public health programs, and social services during the course of the pregnancy. Future research needs to examine the impact of immigration climate and policies on health and racial equity in birth outcomes among Latines regardless of citizenship status. Attaining health and racial equity necessitates increased awareness among health providers, public health practitioners, and policy makers of the impact of larger socio-political pressures on the health of Latine birthing persons.

The Indonesian Government’s Dilemma in Repatriating Former ISIS Members: Balancing Advocacy, Citizenship Status, and Human Rights

Indonesian Government confronts a multifaceted challenge in repatriating former ISIS members, necessitating a delicate equilibrium between advocacy, citizenship status, and human rights principles. International conventions uphold the fundamental right to nationality, articulated in Article 15 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, yet over 500 former ISIS members from Indonesia remain stranded in Syria, having illegally departed and destroyed their official documentation. While several countries in Southeast Asia and Europe have undertaken repatriation efforts under rigorous conditions, Indonesia faces a quandary. These individuals do not qualify as People with Social Welfare Problems under domestic law, complicating their reintegration. This classification divergence conflicts with international obligations requiring nations to accept and restore nationality to their citizens, notwithstanding their affiliation with extremist groups not recognized as refugees by the UNHCR. This paper delves into the legal and humanitarian imperatives compelling Indonesia to address this issue. It examines international frameworks and national legislation to argue for the necessity of repatriation, while also exploring the preventive and repressive measures Indonesia employs. Balancing the imperative to safeguard human rights with national security concerns presents a formidable task, demanding a nuanced approach that ensures compliance with international standards while safeguarding domestic stability and security.

Segregation by Design: An Analysis of Apartheid-Enabling Constitutional Provisions

This paper is a critical examination of constitutional provisions that enable apartheid systems, with a focus on how they allow segregation and discrimination to be established and perpetuated. Despite the global condemnation of apartheid following its horrors in South Africa, similar traits are still visible across a number of jurisdictions today, notably in Israel's treatment of Palestinians and Myanmar's oppression of the Rohingya. This study investigates three of such highest laws of the land, analyzing the roles they play in legitimizing such regimes and how they are instrumentalized to sustain segregation by design. Employing a substantive and structural comparative analytical approach, the research scrutinizes the constitutions of South Africa, Israel, and Myanmar, unearthing common denominators that facilitate apartheid practices. These include the creation of identity-based citizenship conditions, provisions allowing discriminatory treatment, constraints on the political participation of marginalized groups, and the entrenchment of power that hinders reformative action. The findings reveal that apartheid-enabling provisions do not necessarily explicitly endorse segregation. Instead, they often afford broad legislative powers that can be exploited to this end, as was the case in Apartheid South Africa. Similarly, the constitutions of Israel and Myanmar offer constitutional protection to selected ethnic groups, legitimizing and institutionalizing segregation. The research concludes with the identification of at least four key elements common across the studied constitutions that contribute to the maintenance of apartheid systems: differentiated citizenship status, legitimized segregationist practices, limited political participation for certain demographics, and entrenched power structures resistant to change.

‘It's not a genuine elite’: partial habitus of advantage among Palestinian graduates of elite schools in Israel

ABSTRACT Within the marginalized Palestinian minority in Israel, a small elite has emerged; they are uniquely challenged as elite within their national group yet marginalized as citizens of the Jewish state. Through the perspectives of an elite private high school in Northern Israel, this qualitative study sought to elucidate this complicated reality. We asked graduates how they integrate their school experiences into their life narratives, understand and negotiate their elite identity in higher education and at work. We also wanted to know how their elite and minority national identities intersect and mutually influence each other. Similar to others' findings, their elite education facilitated academic distinction and distinguished careers. Yet, despite accomplishments, they view success primarily as an individual achievement, with limited collective impact. Their elite status is only partially realized due to constraints in translating privileges into broader action. Our research contributes to debates regarding elite education and stigmatized minority status.

Особенности административно-правового статуса граждан Российской Федерации

The article considers the main provisions of the administrative and legal status of citizens of the Russian Federation, exactly the rights, obligations and guarantees of Russian citizens in the field of administrative and legal regulation. Current data of the participation of the citizens in political life and measures of state coercion when somebody violate the legislation during the process of the implementation of the rights were analyzed.

Daffawi: self-Orientalism and identity work among Palestinians in Israel

ABSTRACT This ethnographic paper explores attitudes and perceptions of Palestinian citizens of Israel (PCI) regarding Palestinians from the West Bank (PWB). It focuses on the semantic complex of ḍaffāwi (‘who comes from the West Bank’), which entails a combination of cultural superiority, distrust, romanticizing, and ambivalence. Treating the ḍaffāwi as a speech act and reading it as a cultural text that is rooted in PCI’s collective political unconscious, we argue that their mixed attitudes of superiority and idealization with regard to WBP, and by implication their self-Orientalism, reflect a deep sense of deadlock that characterizes their identity work, as indigenous citizens of an ethnocratic state that has been colonizing their people.

Exploring the inequalities experienced by health and care workforce and their bases - A scoping review protocol.

Planning for investment in human resources for health (HRH) is critical to achieve Universal Health Coverage (UHC) and establish a sustainable health system. Informed planning warrants a better understanding of the health labour market (HLM) to tackle a variety of health and care workforce challenges: from addressing critical supply shortage, to ensuring optimal skills mix and distribution, and addressing motivation and performance challenges. Scant evidence around the overall role of socioeconomic and cultural factors like gender, race, marital status, citizenship (migrant) status, workplace hierarchy etc. in determining workforce composition, deployment, distribution, retention, un- and underemployment, sub-optimal work environments and other factors in the 'HRH crisis' warrants further exploration. This scoping review protocol aims to map and present the available evidence on inequalities experienced by health and care workforce, the socio-economic, cultural and other bases of these inequalities, and their outcomes/ consequences. PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL and SCOPUS will be used to identify relevant literature. All types of published study designs in English language will be included if they discuss any inequality experienced by any category of health and care workers. Elaborate keyword categories for health and care workers and inequalities context have been developed, tested and reduced to the near-final search string. Eligible articles will be charted using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. The sample data extraction chart in JBI manual will be used as a basic skeleton with fields added to it to serve the needs of the scoping review. Descriptive analysis will be performed, depicting basic frequencies. While no further analysis has been advised in the JBI and PRISMA protocol, thematic analysis will be undertaken; following the Braun and Clarke's method with some modification and open coding as suggested by Maquire and Delahunt.

Policy Knowledge Gap Among Senior Citizens

The Nepalese government provides various allowances, including old age, widow, disability, and nutritional grants, to improve the quality of life for economically and socially disadvantaged individuals. This study assesses the relationship between knowledge on old age allowance policy/facility and their Quality of Life (QOL) among senior citizens of Biratnagar, a metropolitan city of Morang district. The study used a cross-sectional survey design to measure the current status of senior citizens in Biratnagar, a metropolitan city, and identify their quality of life. Independent variables like knowledge on Old Age Allowance (OAA) public transportation concession and seat preservation, government waiver on treatment fees free health service for 75+ patients, government's social security/welfare policy, spend the allowance, and opinion on current old age allowance were quantified. The sample size was calculated using Raosoft online calculator, with 370 senior citizens selected. The study in Biratnagar investigated senior citizens' quality of life using WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire and interview, establishing a link between quality of life and old age allowance. The paper examined the quality of life (QOL) of senior citizens in Biratnagar, focusing on policy factors. Most of the seniors received old age allowance and used government facilities. However, a significant percentage was ignorant of the policy, resulting in poor QOL. The majority of respondents reported using facilities provided by government offices and hospitals, but there was a lack of knowledge about related policies. The study would be beneficial to have the positive impact so that the concerned stakeholders would initiate on the policies and old age allowance (OAA) on senior citizens' quality of life.

Percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy in acute pulmonary embolism: Outcomes from a safety-net hospital.

Our study aims to present clinical outcomes of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in a safety-net hospital. This is a retrospective study of intermediate or high-risk pulmonary embolism (PE) patients who underwent MT between October 2020 and May 2023. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality. Among 61 patients (mean age 57.6 years, 47% women, 57% Black) analyzed, 12 (19.7%) were classified as high-risk PE, and 49 (80.3%) were intermediate-risk PE. Of these patients, 62.3% had Medicaid or were uninsured, 50.8% lived in a high poverty zip code. The prevalence of normotensive shock in intermediate-risk PE patients was 62%. Immediate hemodynamic improvements included 7.4 mmHg mean drop in mean pulmonary artery pressure (-21.7%, p < 0.001) and 93% had normalization of their cardiac index postprocedure. Thirty-day mortality for the entire cohort was 5% (3 patients) and 0% when restricted to the intermediate-risk group. All 3 patients who died at 30 days presented with cardiac arrest. There were no differences in short-term mortality based on race, insurance type, citizenship status, or socioeconomic status. All-cause mortality at most recent follow up was 13.1% (mean follow up time of 13.4 ± 8.5 months). We extend the findings from prior studies that MT demonstrates a favorable safety profile with immediate improvement in hemodynamics and a low 30-day mortality in patients with acute PE, holding true even with relatively higher risk and more vulnerable population within a safety-net hospital.

The Specter of Potential Foreigners: Revisiting the Postcolonial Citizenship Regimes of Myanmar and India

ABSTRACT Revisiting the citizenship regimes of Myanmar and India through a comparative lens, this article argues that a specter of the “potential foreigner” is decisive in the adjudication of citizenship in both countries. Citizenship is conceptualized not only on the basis of who is a citizen, but a perennial suspicion towards those who may not be. We frame this argument in the context of increasingly restrictive atmospheres in both countries, epitomized by violence towards the Rohingya in Myanmar and the Citizenship Amendment Act in India. This paper employs an historical perspective, tracing the evolution of citizenship since the partitions of Burma and Pakistan from India. It interrogates the very notion of foreignness that is embedded in these discourses, through a detailed description of the religious, ethnic, racial, and administrative "other" etched in the legislative and socio-political fabric of both countries. In order to develop the idea of potential foreigner as a key element of national identity and citizenship policy, the paper examines crucial legislation over the last three-quarters of a century, and the consequences of linking narrowing definitions of ethno-national belonging to citizenship status.

34 Use of health services and cancer screening among immigrant cancer survivors with second primary cancer

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Due to clinical advances, cancer survivors are living longer but have an increased risk of a second primary cancer (SPC). This cross-sectional study aims to examine SPC prevalence in immigrant women and compare healthcare use (HCU) and cancer screening in immigrants with SPC versus (1) immigrants with a single cancer and (2) US-born women with SPC. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The study population will include adult women with breast/gynecologic primary cancer (PC) from the 2005, 2008, 2010, 2013, and 2015 National Health Interview Survey. First-generation immigrant or US-born status will be defined by region of birth. SPC includes diagnosis with a second cancer type ≥1 year after the initial PC diagnosis. We will compare the prevalence of ≥1 SPC in immigrant and US-born women. To evaluate HCU and cancer screening differences, we will assess sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors, risk behaviors, length of US residence, and citizenship status with descriptive statistics. In regression analyses, we will compare number of provider visits and cancer screening rates in immigrant women with SPC versus immigrants with PC alone and US-born women with SPC after matching by age and PC type. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Disparities in cancer diagnosis, quality of care, receipt of recommended treatment, and screening rates among immigrants in the US are well documented. Therefore, we hypothesize that immigrant cancer survivors will have similar or higher rates of SPC compared to women born in the US with variations based on health status. We further hypothesize that immigrants with SPC will report lower rates of HCU after diagnosis of their first cancer and cancer screening compared to US-born women. However, we expect that immigrants with SPC will report similar or higher rates of HCU and cancer screening compared to immigrant women with PC alone. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: To our knowledge, this study will be the first to describe SPC among immigrant cancer survivors in the US. This research will inform interventions to improve cancer care delivery and ultimately reduce SPC in immigrants with cancer.

(527) - Impact of Citizenship Status on Waitlist and Post Heart Transplantation Outcomes in Pediatrics

(527) - Impact of Citizenship Status on Waitlist and Post Heart Transplantation Outcomes in Pediatrics

SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS AND SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE OF TRANSGENDER COMMUNITY: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY

Recent years have seen a significant increase in the prominence and attention given to human rights discussions and debates. Moreover, a lot of world leaders continue to yearn for the successful and complete implementation of their vision of a just society. In a variety of settings, a number of academicians, philosophers, and leaders have disputed this idealistic notion of creating a just society. They argue that a number of stratifying factors, such as caste, class, economic status, and family values, have long caused division in our society. With the passage of time, this stratified society changed and started fining the minority that was less fortunate more and more. Similarly, a sizable segment of the populace referred to as the transgender community has been perceived as a disadvantaged facet of society as a result of various forms of social stratification and certain inherent genetic deficiencies. The transgender community has been unable to exercise even the most basic constitutional rights that are granted to every person under the countrys constitution because of ignorance and inferiority complex. Members of the community have also been socially and economically excluded from society and have been unable to access government aid programs due to the gap created by the discrimination inside the community. Furthermore, transgender people are inadvertently reduced to the status of second-class citizens in a society guided by the constitutional ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity because of a number of laws in the Indian context that only define Indian society in terms of male or female. The current study aims to comprehend the causes of the deprivations placed on transgender people in order to implement and formulate welfare measures specifically for the transgender community and enable its members to access constitutional and statutory mechanisms without facing any discrimination. It is imperative that we create practical measures immediately in order to lessen marginalization and make the transgender populations general socioeconomic growth a reality.

EU directive 2023/970: strengthening the application of the principle of equal pay

In May 2023, Directive 2023/970 was issued on strengthening the application of the principle of equality for men and women for equal work or work of equal value through pay transparency and enforcement mechanisms. Its basic task is to introduce transparency of remuneration systems by employers and EU Member States and to enable and facilitate the overcoming of procedural obstacles used by businesses that do not comply with anti-discrimination standards applicable in the EU for employees, mainly women, subjected to inferior treatment. The directive has inspired citizens of EU Member States to exercise their legal protection against discrimination and inconsistency of business conduct in matters relating to the principle of equal pay. They have the right to pursue compensation claims through bodies representing wronged employees, state institutions and agencies acting on behalf of multiple people. A campaign has been launched in the EU to overcome stereotypes in labour relations related to the gender of people employed and applying for jobs.

Влияние культурных особенностей на развитие социально-трудовых отношений и практику корпоративного обучения в странах Ближневосточного региона

The presented work examines the peculiarities of social and labor relations, approaches to the organization of personnel training and development in the Middle East and their conditionality with cultural and religious aspects of objective social reality. Despite the fact that the countries of the Middle East region have the largest and most diversified economies, there is practically no data or research results in the literature regarding strategies and practices of corporate training and personnel development in companies in these countries. The article notes that business owners are usually strongly influenced by national culture, which itself is strongly influenced by religion. Arab culture plays an important role in the formation of the organizational structure and decision-making in the organizations of the States of the region. Most senior executives in large private sector organizations tend to be citizens of the country, but they often act as managers, and day-to-day operations are run by expatriates. Citizens of Middle Eastern states do not adhere to the work ethic recognized in the West. It is concluded that, despite the high degree of awareness of the importance of corporate training and workforce development programs, the sphere of social and labor relations, personnel policy and principles of personnel management in companies in the region have their own characteristics due to the influence of religion and culture.