Consent Of Citizens Research Articles

Data Colonialism and Data Localization: Issues and Challenges

The zeitgeist of the 21st century is warped, managed, and altogether driven by the slew of technological applications. They have usurped every activity of our life in its hold in such a way that wherever we turn, we find them interfacing, navigating, and monitoring human life. The juggernaut of trade, commerce,and marketing made the entry that has taken this world in its firm grasp and the engine of marketing is consuming data of every citizen as its fuel. This function invariably brings in vast profits to large corporations and multi-national establishments which do not feel it necessary to take the consent of citizens and share the windfall they gain. This new order is literally thriving by harvesting, poaching, and appropriating citizens’ life (data) which serve them as fodder or oil that spurs and keeps them financially in good stead. With the end of colonial era across the globe, gone are the evils associated with it, and here comes, new masters in the garb of multiple technologies, who are equally vicious, awfully exploitative, and with dour demeanour dominate our lives. Frankly speaking, now we are sort of re-colonized as our data is collected and used in the premise of bettering our lives. Of late, Global South’s some of the developing governments in order to secure their local interest are pushing for localizing data, but this stance has many pitfalls attached to it as data localization will give increased access to the government, which may put its own people under surveillance for varied reasons. Therefore, at this juncture, human beings are caught up between the cleft stick. On one hand, data colonialism uses them as commodities (commoditization) while data localization makes them the subject of State surveillance. Hence, this paper comprehensively examines the corresponding complex issues and thoroughly peruses the embedded challenges straddling data colonialism and data localization.

The "Consent " in the cultural and civilizational development of Kazakhstan (socio-philosophical analysis)

The article provides a socio-philosophical analysis of approaches to defining the essence and content of the concept of consent as an idea, problem and principle. It applies a phenomenological methodology that allows us to record the phenomenon of consent and how it takes place. The concept of harmony in Kazakhstan's cultural and civilizational development is an important aspect in overcoming economic, socio-cultural and political crises, gaining socio-political and economic stability by the state. Only a public system based on the consent of citizens can effectively use the opportunities, resources and mechanisms for further development and qualitative transformation of all spheres of public life. Achieving social harmony is necessary since the main goal of social modernization is to enter the orbit of sustainable development. A multi-ethnic and multi-religious Kazakhstan can achieve this goal only by gaining civil peace and democratic consensus. Therefore, efforts should be made to organize and implement a discourse on a wide range of socially significant topics to achieve constructive social agreement.

JUSTIFICATION OF A NEW MODEL OF MUNICIPAL DISTRICT MANAGEMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF TERRITORIAL PLANNING

Since 2003, the administrative-territorial division in Russia existed as part of rural and urban settlements, municipal districts, urban districts, intracity territories. This system of territorial division showed its ineffectiveness in terms of the timeliness of solving local problems and the quality of territorial planning, since local authorities constantly experienced personnel "hunger," lack of funding. In addition, external and internal migration of the population contributed to the change in population density in certain territories, to the demand for existing objects of social, engineering and transport infrastructure. Since 2019, municipal districts have been introduced, which, according to the criterion of population density and with the consent of citizens, unite rural settlements. Accordingly, changes are predicted in the compilation of territorial planning documents - master plans for rural settlements. The main problems of drawing up and applying master plans for the development of territories were considered, the economic effectiveness of creating municipal districts in the context of territorial planning was justified on the example of one of the districts of the Udmurt Republic. Centralization of management will save budget funds, establish information collection and optimize territorial planning processes, update and create new master plans for the development of territories, and increase the investment attractiveness of territories.

Virtual sovereignty? Private internet capital, digital platforms and infrastructural power in the United States

Abstract Infrastructural power in the United States, which is the capacity to extract and deploy social resources and initiate and harness technological innovation, is increasingly generated by private internet capital and exercised by digital platforms. In this article we argue that while these private actors do not possess legitimacy, this is a form of ‘virtual sovereignty’ which complicates the capacity of the US state to exercise infrastructural power. Though internet software was designed largely by US corporations, commercial users operate increasingly in deterritorialized global spaces, where citizen consent and the interests of the US state are not business priorities. Moreover, much of the internet's hardware is financed by private internet capital within global wealth chains and digital spaces populated by US and non-US corporations. We argue that digital platforms acquire infrastructural power through the accumulation and commercialization of big data, from which they curate individual thinking and behaviour. We point to the targeting of US liberal democratic resilience by hostile, domestic and foreign actors weaponizing social media, and the potential ramifications of the exercise of virtual sovereignty for the return of great power rivalry in international relations. The article concludes that private internet capital's command of vast socio-economic resources reinforces the digital platforms' leadership in technological innovation and challenges the sovereign state's monopoly over national security.

Applicability of European legislation for the protection of data while using tracing applications

Abstract Background Since the beginning of the COVID pandemic, Member States have started using tracing applications. The European Commission immediately confirmed the possibility of collecting personal data without the obligation to obtain the citizens’ consent. Aware of the threat of data breach, the Commission has tried to remedy the situation and has given up the recommendation followed by a guide on how to use the tracing applications. Methods In order to achieve the determination of the applicable European legislation, we used the doctrinal method in combination with the quantitative empirical research in the area of comparison of individual tracing applications. Results The geolocal applications are regulated by GDPR. Based on Article 6 (1) GDPR, Commission confirmed the possibility to restrict the citizens’ privacy. The Commission drew the attention to the collection of personal data based on the exception of “public interest” without necessity of the citizens’ consent. In combination with Article 23, the Member states may restrict the lawful processing of data by legislative measure for protection of “public health”. The applications using Bluetooth exposure notification system (ENS) do not operate with personal data. Thus, these are in general out of scope GDPR and regulated by the Directive on privacy and electronic communications. Article 15 of the Directive allows processing of communication without citizens’ consent for the reasons listed in paragraph 1, which did not include “public health”, therefore the applications cannot be use without citizen's consent. Conclusions The use of applications with geolocation allows Member states to process personal data without guarantees in order to protect public health. This approach is unacceptable in relation to the right to privacy. If a situation like the covid pandemic occurs again, exclusively applications with ENS should be used. The use of these applications, even in times of pandemic, is conditioned by the citizens’ consent. Key messages

`Representing and Being Represented in Turn’ - A Symposium on Hélène Landemore’s "Open Democracy"

Hélene Landemore’s Open Democracy challenges today’s democracies to meet their legitimacy deficits by opening up a wide array of participatory opportunities, from enhanced forms of direct democracy, to internet crowdsourcing, to representation through random selection to a citizens’ assembly: “representing and being represented in turn” (p. xvii).  Her aim: to replace citizen consent with citizen power.  The critics advance both praise and misgivings.  Joshua Cohen asks if Landemore's innovations are best understood as supplements or alternatives to the current system. Daniele Cammack argues for the significance of open mass meetings as well as smaller representative bodies. Peter Stone considers citizens’ assemblies inadequate for popular sovereignty.  Christopher Achen warns of problems in accurate representation, through both self-selection into the lottery and domination in the discussion. Ethan Lieb argues that particular innovations are useful only in some contexts, and that in each citizens should learn their appropriate role responsibilities. Landemore responds by agreeing, clarifying and rebutting.

Trust in the police and policing by consent in turbulent times

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the potential impact on policing by consent and trust in the police of diminished political and generalised trust.Design/methodology/approachThis paper draws on a range of academic literature on trust, the legal foundations of policing by consent, police occupational culture, disproportionality and neighbourhood policing.FindingsAn analytical framework is developed by recognising that policing by consent can be conceived as comprising two complementary facets, police state consent and police citizen consent and drawing lose mappings between police state consent and political trust and police citizen consent and generalised trust. This supports the argument that the importance of tackling disproportionality in policing practices and an increased emphasis on neighbourhood policing are not only valuable for reasons recognised in existing literature but also because they may bolster policing by consent in circumstances of reduced political trust and contribute to increased generalised trust across society.Originality/valueThis paper builds upon existing work on trust in the police and policing by consent to give novel insights into the importance of neighbourhood policing and tackling disproportionality. The analytical frame developed also highlights new areas for nuanced research questions in the field of trust and provides grounding from which policy objectives for policing can be developed.

The issue of the foundations of justice

This article analyzes justice as a category. Like all aspects of human activity, justice needs grounds that provide reliability. This article shows that in the history of human thinking, two approaches to comprehending the foundations of justice have been created. The first approach is based on recognition of the dominance of moral principles as the foundation for justice, and independence from empirical reality, political, social changes, and scientific discoveries. This is the independent path, which recognizes the independence of the fundamental principles of justice from facts. The second approach was formulated in the theory of justice by J.Rawls. He made an attempt to create a universal view of justice and was associated with the justification of justice by scientific theories created by scientists in political science, psychology, sociology, and other fields of knowledge. This approach was called dependent way, and its representatives consider justice to be a product of real society and recognize the consent of citizens as the basis of justice, in the normative life of society, giving preference to contractual relations. Both ways of solving the problem of the justice foundations have their strengths and weaknesses, but neither of them, taken separately, gives a satisfactory result. The experience of the Russian unity philosophy reveals a harmonious way to the solution of this problem. It shows that the foundation of justice is created by each individual personally, in condition that any person considers the circumstances of one’s life through the prism of his spiritual nature. This process looks like a practical application of norms that are absolute in nature, while deviations and fluctuations are possible but in the end there is always a return to the original position. The authors call this position flexible transcendence.

Co-designing behavioural public policy: lessons from the field about how to ‘nudge plus’

Background: Behavioural public policies, known as nudges, suffer from lack of citizen consent and involvement, which has led to an argument for more reflective nudges, known as ‘nudge plus’. Aims and objectives: How can more citizen reflection be introduced in a way that is not itself top-down and paternalist in spite of good intentions? How might these ‘nudge pluses’ develop on the ground? Methods: This paper reports a mixed-methods case study. Findings: In the case study, there was an intervention that started off as a top-down nudge, using a randomised controlled trial. The nudge then evolved into a bottom-up initiative with citizen input aided by a design lab approach. Discussion and conclusion: One way to address tensions between top-down and bottom-up approaches is to let in the messiness and loss of direct control implied in a design lab, whereby nudge pluses might evolve naturally and without expert direction. The success of the eventual initiative points the way to more design-based nudge plus interventions. Nudge pluses may emerge naturally as a result of the evolutionary co-design process. There is potential for replication, with cross-fertilisation between different traditions by introducing behaviour change policies with a design-based approach.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ФИНАНСИРОВАНИЯ НА РАЗВИТИЕ ФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ И СПОРТА В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

In the modern civilized society, sport is becoming increasingly important in terms of harmonious development of the individual and maintaining the state of human health at the necessary level, which has a beneficial effect on the extension of social activity and increasing performance. From the point of view of the development of society within the state, mass sports act as a rallying factor that allows strengthening the national consent of citizens and Patriotic education of young people, as well as contributing to improving the quality of citizens ' health and stabilizing demographic development. It was found that in almost all Federal districts, except for the Siberian one, key indicators of physical culture and sports development have positive development trends, but to varying degrees. The far Eastern Federal district has the best results in terms of growth rates, although it is significantly inferior to other regions in terms of comparison of absolute indicators. It was also found that an increase in funding does not always find a proportional reflection in the growth of key indicators, while a decrease in funding has a more significant negative impact, manifesting itself in a minimal or negative increase in indicators. Based on the results of the study, it can be judged that the increase in funding for physical culture and sports has led to positive results in the development of key indicators that reflect the development of physical culture and sports, and its decline has had the opposite effect.

Biopolitics during the COVID-19 pandemic: dilemmas of public safety and freedom

The article considers the problem of maintaining a balance between the need for public safety and protection of civil liberties in a coronavirus pandemic. The theoretical works of Michel Foucault on biopower and biopolitics, the feasibility of using a biological model of government to organize modern government measures to combat the spread of the pandemic are analyzed. The global scale of the spread of the coronavirus brings biopower to a fundamentally higher level of subordination. Modern biopolitics should be understood as political rationality, which assumes the management of life and population as a subject. Modern biopolitics should be seen as a strategic coordination of national governments and the global community, to determine the potential ability of government agencies to regulate and regulate biological hazards, including the spread of infectious diseases. Effective international cooperation in overcoming the pandemic is hampered by "vaccine nationalism", the use of vaccine production as a tool of geopolitical competition. Biopower determines the individual well-being and self-awareness of people, significantly affects social ties, promising adequate protection against pathogenic influences, epidemiological threats to health. The introduction of strict restrictions on movement, quarantine measures is proclaimed by the authorities as the need to break the chain of epidemiological infection. The unconditional importance of biosafety as a component of public security determines the consent of citizens to the restriction of their freedoms, to which they did not previously agree. From this point of view, there is a fundamental possibility of implementing a democratic biopolitics in a pandemic. n Ukraine, the attitude of public opinion to the restrictive measures of the government is determined by the effectiveness of compensatory proposals for small businesses, primarily the ability to save jobs and minimize fiscal pressure. The danger of the COVID-19 pandemic for modern Ukrainian society lies not only in the large-scale epidemiological crisis, but also in the danger of provoking foreign government decisions. In this socio-political context, the weight of arguments in favor of the spread of preventive measures without suspension of economic activity, namely the conduct of a permanent information campaign among the population on the rules of conduct in a pandemic.

Trust in police as an influencing factor on trust in government: 2SLS analysis using perception of safety

PurposeCitizen trust in police is important in terms of citizen consent to government policies and of police achieving their organizational goals. In the previous study, improvements in police policy, organizational operation and policing activities were developed to clarify which factors influence trust in police and how trust can be improved. This research raises the question, would changes in trust in police have an impact on trust in government? In this paper, this research question is discussed theoretically and the causal relationship analyzed empirically by applying OLS, ordered logistic, 2SLS and logistic regressions.Design/methodology/approachThe basic analysis methods are to apply the OLS and the ordered logistic regression. OLS regression analysis is an analytical method that minimizes an error range of a regression line. The assumptions for OLS are: linearity, independence, equilibrium, extrapolation and multicollinearity issues. These problems were statistically verified and analyzed, in order to confirm the robustness of the analysis results by comparing the results of the ordered logistic regression because of the sequence characteristic of the dependent variable. The data to be used in this study is the Asia Barometer Survey in 2013.FindingsTrust in police and citizen perception of safety are analyzed as important factors to increase trust in the government. The effects of trust in police are more significant than the effects of control variables, and the direction and strength of the results are stable. The effect of trust in police on trust in government is strengthened by the perception of safety (IV). In addition, OLS, ordered logistic regression analysis, which analyzed trust in central government and local government, and logistic regression analysis categorized by trust and distrust show the stability.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper has implications in terms of theoretical and empirical analysis of the relationship between trust in police and trust in government. In addition, the impact of perception of safety on trust in police can be provided to police officers, policymakers and governors who are seeking to increase trust in government. This paper is also meaningful in that it is the microscopic research based on the citizens' survey. One of the limitations of macroscopic research is that it does not consider the individual perceptions of citizens.Practical implicationsThe results of this paper can confirm the relationship of the virtuous cycle, which is perception of safety – trust in police – trust in government. The police will need to provide security services to improve citizens' perception of safety and make great efforts to create safer communities and society. Trust in police formed through this process can be an important component of trust in government. By making citizens feel safer and achieving trust in police, ultimately, trust in government will be improved.Originality/valueThe police perform one of the essential roles of government and are one of the major components of trust in government, but the police sector has been neglected compared to the roles of the economic and political sectors. These influences of macro factors are too abstract to allow specific policy directions to be suggested. If we consider trust in police, and factors that can improve trust in government, we can suggest practical policy alternatives.

FACTORS THAT ACCOUNT FOR DEVELOPMENT AND DEEPENING OF DEMOCRACY IN KENYA

This paper discusses the factors that deepen democratization in Kenya. The idea of democracy remains puzzling, as various authors draw attention to a myriad of issues attendant in democratic transitions. Theories of democracy are diverse and point to the universality of rights within prescribed legal parameters, citizen consent based governance, freedom of conscience, rule of law among other relevant factors. Democratic consolidation therefore becomes a key goal to many countries in so far as democratic transitions are concerned.

Evidence of Municipal Awareness as a Construct for Enhancing Citizen Satisfaction in Municipal Council of Malaysia

This research study critically analysed the existing literature on municipal awareness relevancy of Municipal councils’ service delivery for the purpose of enhancing citizen satisfaction. The purpose of the study is the investigation of citizen satisfaction level of municipal services. Analysis of the existing literature on the relationship between municipal awareness and citizen satisfaction. The Material and methods were carried out using secondary data and were meticulously and critically analysed to come up with reliable results. The study shows the relevancy of the public awareness, citizen satisfaction and municipal council performance in Malaysia. It is evident in the research that citizen consent is important before municipal services should be provided in the local community. The research study highlighted many discrepancies in many kinds of literature related to the existing research study, the evidence-based analysis was carried out to buttress importance and significance of the related study to the research work. The literature was reviewed to ascertain the current happening in the area of local government service delivery. The study shows that many municipal councils in Malaysia provide adequate and satisfactory services to their citizens’. The study also revealed that municipal council plays an important role in citizen awareness of municipal service delivery. The study concludes that municipal service delivery can be enhanced through citizen awareness campaign, to sensitise the local community on various aspects of service delivery including maintenance of the facilities provided. The study also concludes that Municipal councils lack awareness section affects their performance in service delivery process. The study recommends that Municipal councils officials need to be consulted the citizen for their needs and wants; awareness campaign needs to be regularly carried out to maintain cordial relationship between Municipal councils and their citizen; it is also recommended that municipal services should be delivered the needed services by the local inhabitants’ after duly consultation.

Minimally Deliberative Deliberative Systems? Problematisation and the Deliberative Democratic Effects of Poorly Deliberative Communication

This article deals with the role of public communication in democratic decision-making, with a view to identifying communicative practices that can be expected to meet deliberative democratic standards. On the basis of two case studies, a mechanism is reconstructed through which public communication, although being poorly deliberative, can influence decision-making and achieve some of deliberative democracy’s most fundamental goals, namely, to attain mutually justified decisions, to secure the free and reasoned consent of citizens and to promote substantively correct decisions. This mechanism consists in the recurrent problematisation of a situation and the concomitant generation of political demands and proposals. This argument can at least be formulated if one adopts an institutional system perspective coupled with a concept of mutual justification understood along the lines of the ‘reasonable rejection test’.

Municipal Awareness as an Integral Part for Enhancing Citizen Satisfaction of Malaysian Municipal Councils, Batu Pahat

This research study critically analysed the existing literature on municipal awareness relevancy of municipal councils’ service delivery for the purpose of enhancing citizen satisfaction. The purpose of the study is the investigation of citizen satisfaction level of municipal services through the use of municipal awareness. The Material and methods were carried out using secondary data and were meticulously and critically analysed to come up with reliable results. The study shows the relevance of the public awareness, citizen satisfaction and municipal council performance in Malaysia. It is evidence in the research that citizen consent is important before municipal services should be provided in the local community. The research study highlighted many discrepancies in many kinds of literature related to the existing research study, evidence-based analysis were carried out to buttress importance and significance of the related study to the research work. The literature was reviewed to ascertain the current happening in the area of municipal council service delivery. The study shows that many municipal councils in Malaysia provide adequate and satisfactory services to their citizens’. The results of the study also revealed that municipal awareness plays an important role on citizen satisfactions of municipal service delivery. It is also evident that adequate provision of services has direct bearing with municipal councils. The study concludes that municipal service delivery can be enhanced through citizen awareness campaign, to sensitise the local community on various aspects of service delivery including maintenance of the facilities provided. The study also concludes that local Authorities lack of awareness section affects their performance in service delivery process. The study recommends that municipal councils need to consults the citizen for their needs and wants; awareness campaign needs to be regularly carried out to maintain cordial relationship between local Authorities and their citizen; it is also recommended that municipal services should be delivered the needed services by the local inhabitants’ after duly consultation.

Municipal awareness as a tool for enhancing citizen satisfaction in municipal councils of Malaysia

This research study critically analysed the existing literatures on municipal awareness relevancy of LAs service delivery for the purpose of enhancing citizen satisfaction. The purpose of the study is the investigation of citizen satisfaction level of municipal services; analysis of the existing literatures on relationship between municipal awareness and citizen satisfaction. The Material and methods were carried out using secondary data and were meticulously and critically analysed to come up with reliable results. The study shows the relevancy of the public awareness, citizen satisfaction and municipal council performance in Malaysia. It is evidence in the research that citizen consent is importance before municipal services should be provided in the local community. The research study highlighted many discrepancies in many literatures related to the existing research study, evidence based analysis were carried out to buttress importance and significance of the related study to the research work. The literatures were reviewed to ascertain the current happening in the area of local government service delivery. The study shows that many municipal councils in Malaysia provide adequate and satisfactory services to their citizens’. The study also revealed that municipal council plays important role on citizen awareness of municipal service delivery. The study concludes that municipal service delivery can be enhanced through citizen awareness campaign, to sensitize the local community on various aspects of service delivery including maintenance of the facilities provided. The study also concludes that LAs lack of awareness section affects their performance in service delivery process. The study recommends that LAs need to consults the citizen for their needs and wants; awareness campaign need to be regularly carried out to maintain cordial relationship between LAs and their citizen; it is also recommended that municipal services should be delivered the needed services by the local inhabitants’ after duly consultation. Article visualizations:

BAAS Keynote Speech A Passion for Democracy: Proximity to Power and the Sovereign Immunity Test

In the run-up to the 2004 presidential election, a Bush administration official memorably explained to New York Times reporter Ron Suskind, “when we act, we create our own reality. And while you're studying that reality … we'll act again … We're history's actors … and you … will be left to … study what we do.” This comment was taken both as the administration's assessment of the intellectual left, and as a window into Bush's executive philosophy. Then many believed then that a different President – a liberal or progressive President – would renounce such unilateralism. But these arguments didn't evidence the peculiarity of George W. Bush's Machtpolitik. Rather, they draw on a deep and relatively unnoticed tradition in US political history and government, of the ever more aggressive executive expansion of presidential powers. That expansion has come through the ambitions, machinations, and moxie of individual Presidents – some of them impressively gifted leaders. It has also come through the active and passive consent of citizens, Congress, and the Supreme Court. The President has come to symbolize both our democratic process and our national power: citizens see him simultaneously as democracy's heart and its avenging sword. That trust, trained into US citizens from our earliest days in school, reinforced by popular culture and by the media, makes citizens want to give the President more power, regardless of the Constitutional checks and balances we also learn to treasure as schoolchildren. Over time, this accumulating consent to ever-increasing presidential power means that Presidents are free to act – even in ways that upset the Constitution's balance of power – and that citizens by and large approve, and those who don't are left studying what they did.

Re-Thinking the Role of the Family in Medical Decision-Making.

This paper challenges the foundational claim that the human family is no more than a social construction. It advances the position that the family is a central category of experience, being, and knowledge. Throughout, the analysis argues for the centrality of the family for human flourishing and, consequently, for the importance of sustaining (or reestablishing) family-oriented practices within social policy, such as more family-oriented approaches to consent to medical treatment. Where individually oriented approaches to medical decision-making accent an ethos of isolated personal autonomy family-oriented approaches acknowledge the central social and moral reality of the family. I argue that the family ought to be appreciated as more than a mere network of personal relations and individual undertakings; the family possesses a being that is social and moral such that it realizes a particular structure of human good and sustains the necessary conditions for core areas of human flourishing. Moreover, since the family exists as a nexus of face-to-face relationships, the consent of persons, including adults, to be members of a particular family, subject to its own respective account of family sovereignty, is significantly more amply demonstrated than the consent of citizens to be under the authority of a particular state. As a result, in the face of a general Western bioethical affirmation of the autonomy of individuals, as if adults and children were morally and socially isolated agents, this paper argues that social space must nevertheless be made for families to choose on behalf of their own members.

Widening the lens on risk by connecting data, systems and citizens

The need for integrated pathways and shared data across organisations is not in doubt if services are to reduce risk to health and wellbeing, maintain independence and contain escalating health and social care costs. However, there are three challenges in achieving this. The first is how to connect the data that matters across different systems. The second is how to make this useful to front line carers and system planners while staying within the strict boundaries of data protection and confidentiality. The third is securing citizen consent to do this. Where the chancellor has just announced freedoms to manage our own pensions – the NHS still struggles with allowing us to manage and share our personal health data. Care.data has stalled for at least 6 months while NHSE sorts out how to secure citizen consent. With our partners, Northamptonshire County, we have cracked the first challenge and can share data safely and connect data accurately across health and social care to build a single view of individuals’ health, social, welfare and social environment. We are now mining this unique dataset to assess its potential to support service planning and care management. We are also exploring solutions to the third challenge – how to secure citizen consent to share their data. These three areas are outlined further below Challenge 1 We have built an Information Governance framework that exceeds ICO requirements. This was achieved using the Xantura IG Bridge – a unique and patented approach that allows data from multiple sources to be shared, matched and pseudnoymised – while retaining its integrity to be reconstituted by the data owner if required. Borough and further health data will now be added. Challenge 2 Early analysis on just social care and community health data – no health diagnosis or acute provider data included yet – has provided new insights about the drivers of dependency and service use. These are now being explored to understand the potential for risk stratification, predictive modelling and service design and management. Challenge 3 Despite ICO approval, cultural and behavioural barriers are limiting the pace at which health data is being shared. One solution would be a direct local approach to its citizens to seek approval to share data through a simple web-based/mobile option enabling citizens to optout. Kaiser Permanente and Swedish experiences suggest opt-out could be low. If successful we International Journal of Integrated Care – Volume 14, 01 November – URN:NBN:NL:UI:10-1-116571– http://www.ijic.org/ International Digital Health and Care Congress, The King’s Fund, London, September 10-12 2014. will have repositioned the relationship between the state and the citizen as a partnership – willing to share and contribute data to improve services, shape future services for themselves and future generations. The County has started with building the new data asset and IG framework for the Frail Elderly group. The next step is to extend this and start to build risk models around priority agendas such as long term residential care and acute dependency. Combined with direct citizen consent “data” will be positioned, valued and managed as a priceless County asset.