National Citizenship Research Articles

PERBANDINGAN PENGATURAN KEDUDUKAN WARIS WARGANEGARA ASING DI INDONESIA DENGAN TURKI

In developing legal and policy reforms in Indonesia through comparing existing laws in Indonesia with existing laws in other countries. This research focuses on comparing the arrangements for the inheritance position of foreign in Indonesia and in Turkey, main problem are what are the similarities and differences in inheritance arrangements in Indonesia and in Turkey and what is the position of the heirs of foreign citizens in cases in Indonesia and in Turkey based on Civil Code and TMK and MÖHUK. This research method is normative in the form of legal comparisons to obtain similarities and differences in regulations, while the nature of the research is descriptive and conclusions are drawn deductively. The results of the research and discussion are that there are differences and similarities regarding inheritance law in Indonesia which is pluralistic and inheritance law in Turkey which is unification. The conclusion is that both of them do not see a difference regarding nationality between the heir and his heirs and in resolving the cases in Indonesia and Turkey, both give the same inheritance rights to the heirs of foreign with the same shares as the heirs of the heirs' national citizens

Exploring the Gorilla Trekking Safari and the Tourism Industry in Rwanda

The tourism industry in Rwanda has a high number of visitors each year. The research that is conducted in Rwanda's national parks mostly focuses on gorilla safari trekking, in particular mountain gorilla trekking. Destination scorned Even if there is a strategy in place to preserve the national parks, there are still threats such as poaching, shooting, bamboo gathering, and others. According to research conducted at Volcanoes National Park, Kagera National Park, and Nyungwe Tropical Vegetation, Rwanda has become the gorilla tourism destination of choice in Africa. This is significant when one considers the challenges faced by the critically endangered gorilla. We gathered the opinions of travelers and stakeholders involved in the gorilla tourism industry through the use of an online poll. Concepts about economics, society, culture, and the environment were investigated. Participants in the research were divided into three categories: stakeholders, visitors, and national actors so that stakeholder perspectives could be taken into account. To find out whether or not national citizens are aware of the significance of protecting parks to both the local park and the country as a whole. This paper will attempt to demonstrate how gorilla tourism has benefited the tourism industry in Rwanda. As a result of the efforts of the government to promote gorilla tourism on a global scale, the country has developed into an exciting tourist destination. On the show, the gorilla will be given a name, and Arsenal jerseys will be given their names. Keywords: Gorilla, Trekking, Rwanda tourism, highland, and Lowland gorilla DOI: 10.7176/JTHS/62-04 Publication date: November 30 th 2022

Regional Differences in Admissions and Treatment Outcomes for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients in Thailand.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the commonest cancers in Thailand. We report the stage and survival of patients who were admitted under the public universal health fund (NHSO) covering 47 million people to determine if there were regional disparities in the treatment outcomes in the country. We used the 2009-2013 Nationwide Hospital Admission Data, Thailand. Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were identified by the ICD10 code C22.0. Procedures were identified by ICD9-CM codes, and deaths were confirmed from the NHSO database and the national citizen registry. Thailand is divided into 6 regions and Bangkok. Hospitals were identified according to their specific reimbursement codes. Survival time started from the day of first admission and was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The statistical method used to compare regions was Chi-squared tests (Pearson, likelihood ratio, linear-by linear association and Mantel-cox). There were 36,956 HCC patients admitted during the study period. The overall median survival was 36 days. 1.63% of the patients had surgery, 0.96% had radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and 5.24% had trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE). 90.24% did not have any tumor-specific therapy. The proportion of patients admitted for tumor-specific therapy vs. no tumor-specific therapy was significantly different between regions in all treatment modalities (p<0.01). Each treatment modality showed a wide range of median survival values across the regions (p<0.01). The best survival was seen in Bangkok, the South and the North (for surgery, RFA and TACE) and was often more than twice as long as the regions with the lowest survival, Central, East and West. There was a large previously-unreported disparity in admissions and outcomes in Thailand for different treatment modalities for HCC. Bangkok and the South had the best treatment outcomes and often had median survivals more than twice as long as those in the West and East. Public policy to reduce this disparity will need to be implemented in the future.

Citizenship deservingness justifies exclusive national boundary making: A socio-dynamic mixed-methods approach to social representations of citizenship.

Naturalization policies prescribe the conditions immigrants must fulfil to be legally recognized as national citizens in a receiving country. When changes in naturalization policies are publicly debated, divergent opinions on national boundary making reveal social representations of citizenship as spaces of political contention. This research offers a socio-dynamic analysis of citizenship representations in the context of a recent referendum on a simplified naturalization procedure for third-generation immigrants in Switzerland. Automatic lexicometric techniques enriched with reflexive thematic analysis were performed on a post-vote survey (VOTO, N=998), to examine how voters grounded their voting decisions via different citizenship representations. The results showed that ascribed criteria based on natural birthrights and cultural assimilation were mobilized in favour of more permissive access to nationality. Conversely, allegedly achievable criteria based on citizenship deservingness were mobilized against. These findings provide new evidence about citizenship deservingness as a neoliberal strategy legitimizing exclusive national boundary making.

Challenges of Participation in Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands: Christian – Assyrian and Muslim – Turk Immigrants

This article discusses the challenges of participation of the first-generation Christian – Assyrian and Muslim – Turk immigrants in Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands – countries that implement different multicultural and civil integration policies. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with Christian – Assyrian and Muslim – Turk immigrants born in Turkey and migrating to Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands. Their ages are between 45 and 72 years old. They have different levels of education. Assyrians are proficient in multiple languages (Assyrian, Arabic, Kurdish, Turkish); Turks in Turkish and some of them in English, other than the host languages. The majority have citizenship in the host country. Based on the interviews, the research identifies four challenges: identification, contact, language, and discrimination – racism. The findings show that Assyrian immigrants have a strong connection with their ‘Assyrian’ identity due in part to the genocide in 1915 that they call ‘Seyfo’, and Turk immigrants have a more mixed sense of identification in their home and host cultures. Both Assyrian and Turk interlocutors have close immigrant friends and neighbours; having similar activities or hobbies increase their chances to contact with the native citizens. The barriers reported are the lack of language proficiency, unequal working conditions, and perceptions of racial and religious discrimination in education, employment, housing and social life. The findings of this study suggest that both Assyrian and Turk interlocutors want to be accepted as part of the host society without losing their sense of cultural particularity. This poses no threat to the host society, and policies should be designed that support diversity and encourage the participation of immigrants.

Youth participation in environmental action in Vietnam: Learning citizenship in liminal spaces

AbstractYouth participation has become an important element of environmental governance and is also a way that young people learn about the expectations of citizenship. In the global South, young people are confronted with multiple understandings of citizenship as international development organisations may introduce citizenship in a liberal, democratic framing which may differ from national citizenship norms. In Vietnam, state agencies have a history of supporting youth participation linked to nation building and community service. These activities create an imaginary which highlights citizenship as a status and the national scale as being central. More recently, liberalisation policies have opened the door for activities of international organisations which extend imaginaries of citizenship to the global scale and beyond status to a process centred on creating a sense of belonging. Other forms of participation are also flourishing, thanks to the increasing reach of social media. This paper explores how the diversity of this landscape creates liminal spaces of citizenship which young people navigate, working within and between different scales and imaginaries.

Fashion, Thresholds, and Borders

Fashion, Thresholds, and Borders

KAUSALITAS JUMLAH PENDUDUK, KONSUMSI RUMAH TANGGA, URBANISASI DAN KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT INDONESIA

The Preamble to Indonesia's 1945 Constitution declares unequivocally that the state was established to protect the whole Indonesian population, advance the public welfare, and educate the nation's citizens. The government has implemented a number of development programs with the primary goal of promoting community welfare. Nevertheless, efforts to quantify welfare continue to be a subject of study for economists. In recent years, definitions and methodologies for evaluating welfare in economic development have continued to evolve. This study examines the relationship between population, household consumption, urbanization, and community welfare, as assessed by Indonesia's per capita GDP from 1990 to 2019. This investigation use the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) technique. According to the findings of the estimation, the variables population (JP) [-3.05594] and household consumption (KRT) [-5.17939] have a meaningful effect on people's welfare (GDP per Capita), whereas urbanization (URB) has no influence.

“A Simple Act of Justice”: The Pueblo Rejection of U.S. Citizenship in the Early Twentieth Century

AbstractIn January of 1920, the House of Representatives passed HR 288, also known as the Carter Bill, which would have made all American Indians born in the territorial United States citizens. While lauded by some as a “simple act of justice” to extend citizenship to America’s first peoples, many Native Americans protested the bill, which eventually led to its demise. In the press, the Pueblos led the protest. Their activism highlights key, yet overlooked, developments in American Indian citizenship in the early twentieth century. First, citizenship lost any pretense of a consensual nature. Second, Indigenous protests forced congressmen to change the very nature of citizenship: from a status that marked completed assimilation to something much more pluralistic. Highlighting the Pueblos’ fight helps historians analyze Native activism in the Progressive Era while problematizing citizenship as the ultimate aspirational status.

Indian Diaspora and Issue of Dual Citizenship

This article focuses on certain types of citizenship rights i.e. dual citizenship, provided by home countries to its persons who have migrated to other countries. Granting dual citizenship rights enables the home countries to leverage the potential of financial and human resources of their diaspora, encouraging both remittances and return migration. Citizenship is the fundamental right of the people of a country that provides them with legal and social identity. Countries that experience immigration, whether it be the sender of immigrants or receiver of immigrants have considered the serious concerns and implications of granting dual citizenship. The authors present a theoretical framework in dual citizenship where India, one of the fastest growing economies, is yet to adjudge its effects and impact. Today, national citizenship has been challenged by international citizenship. Therefore, India needs to rethink its decision to grant dual citizenship to its people migrating to different parts of the world. The Citizenship Act of 1955, which was amended in 2005 by the introduction of Overseas Citizenship of India, needs to be revisited and reconsidered in the international context. The paper also attempts to analyze the impacts and effects of granting dual citizenship.

The Politics of Free Movement of People in the United Kingdom: Beyond Securitization and De‐securitization?

AbstractIn the decade after 2007 eurosceptic actors in the UK successfully deployed securitizing narratives to portray the free movement of people (FMoP) and EU citizens as a threat to the ‘ontological security’ of national citizens. The ensuing exclusionary policies (up to and beyond the end of FMoP) were normatively problematic, particularly given the absence of evidence in support of those narratives. However, the paper argues that a response aimed at de‐securitizing the issue—in this case, a return to the status‐quo‐ante – is not without its own normative problems. Indeed, the permissive pre‐2007 New Labour government's approach to FMoP was not inclusive of all EU citizens. In valorizing EU citizens as ‘independent post‐national entrepreneurs’, the marginalization of economically vulnerable EU citizens, particularly via tough welfare conditionality, was legitimated. The paper concludes by reflecting on the theoretical and political implications of the argument.

Oral History Approach in Social Studies Teaching: Its Improvement to the Elementary School Learners’ National Identity Values in Kuwait

Being a dynamic social studies teacher assumes responsibility to produce better nation citizens. This study determined the effects of oral history approach in social studies teaching on elementary school learners’ values improvement in Kuwait. A quasi-experimental group design was used in the study with thirty female students from the two grade five classes in Kuwait. These respondents were selected at random, with the permission and approval of their respective teachers. There was a significant difference between the mean scores of the pretest measurements in the national identity values. Likewise, there was also a significant difference between the mean scores of respondents’ achievements in the posttest. With the use of an oral history approach to teaching social studies, the respondents exhibited well-grounded national identity values that may benefit the people and catapult the country’s positive development. These values were indicative of creating high engagement within the classroom, increasing students’ responses, and improving their national identity values through awareness of the country’s oral histories. With the use of this approach as a critical part of the learning environment, it becomes an efficient tool for the respondents’ personal and intellectual development.&#x0D; &#x0D; Received: 7 May 2022 / Accepted: 25 August 2022 / Published: 2 September 2022

Refugees in the Imperial Order of Things: Citizen, Subject, and Polish Refugees in Africa (1942–50)

Examining the case of some nineteen thousand Polish refugees in British colonial Africa, this article challenges the Eurocentric historiography of the post–World War II international refugee regime. These Poles, after being hosted by the colonial governments first, eventually came under the mandate of emerging UN refugee organizations that treated Europeans as internationally recognized refugees everywhere in the world. In contrast, fleeing Africans (and Asians) did not fit this category. This distinction had more to do with imperialism and race than with any geographic limitation. Conceptually, the refugee regime rests on the differentiation of refugees and national citizens, while imperial rule differentiated between European citizens and colonized subjects. I want to complicate this by emphasizing that the international refugee regime emerged in a largely imperial world signified by a tripartition into citizen, subject, and European refugee.

“Am I Chinese before I am a woman or am I a woman first?”: Gender and Racial Melancholia in Brian Castro's The Garden Book

ABSTRACT The female protagonist in The Garden Book is the site of both imaginary and symbolic fantasy, as well as the melancholic real. In this article, I explore how a Chinese-Australian woman comes to inhabit a melancholic position of racial and gendered difference, and how Brian Castro, through his portrayal, deconstructs identity markers such as race, gender and nation. Born and raised in Australia, Swan is a legitimate Australian citizen. However, her Asian appearance and gender identity compromise her legitimacy as a subject of the Australian nation-state. The Chinese-Australian woman as image and fantasy of Oriental femininity becomes a spectre, an “Other” haunting the history and memory of white Australia. Castro’s writing shows how racial and sexual difference constructs and deconstructs identity, individual as well as national. In Swan’s case, gendered racialisation derived from imperialism disrupts the coherence of national citizenship. Reading the character of Swan as presented through the eyes of the men in her life, this article provides an alternative site where what is excluded, disavowed and lost in white Australia becomes visible. Swan’s racial and gendered melancholia allows us to see imperial violence and colonial eroticism at the heart of cultural essentialism and nationalism.

Citizen science monitoring reveals links between honeybee health, pesticide exposure and seasonal availability of floral resources

We use a national citizen science monitoring scheme to quantify how agricultural intensification affects honeybee diet breadth (number of plant species). To do this we used DNA metabarcoding to identify the plants present in 527 honey samples collected in 2019 across Great Britain. The species richness of forage plants was negatively correlated with arable cropping area, although this was only found early in the year when the abundance of flowering plants was more limited. Within intensively farmed areas, honeybee diets were dominated by Brassica crops (including oilseed rape). We demonstrate how the structure and complexity of honeybee foraging relationships with plants is negatively affected by the area of arable crops surrounding hives. Using information collected from the beekeepers on the incidence of an economically damaging bee disease (Deformed Wing Virus) we found that the occurrence of this disease increased where bees foraged in agricultural land where there was a high use of foliar insecticides. Understanding impacts of land use on resource availability is fundamental to assessing long-term viability of pollinator populations. These findings highlight the importance of supporting temporally timed resources as mitigation strategies to support wider pollinator population viability.

Exploring entrepreneurial innovation in Ethiopia

We explore the process of innovation as experienced by entrepreneurs in Ethiopia in order to gain new insights from a challenging setting for innovation that has been under-represented in the literature. Guided by two streams of literature – the contextual view of entrepreneurial innovation and the innovation process literature – we examine the accounts of entrepreneurial selection and strategic choices as narrated by 15 Ethiopian innovators pursuing diverse opportunities. Analysis of 77,000 words of text offers a rich data structure that adds substantive detail to the contextual view of entrepreneurial innovation. An emerging process model not only emphasizes economic with societal outcomes but also national citizenship reinforcement at the level of the individual entrepreneur. Policy recommendations are presented to deal with contradictions between government proclamations to encourage innovative new start-ups, and the actual accounts of the entrepreneurs as they deal with obstacles in different contexts.

Conflict Potential of the Rohingya People in Bangladesh and Beyond

The article addresses how Myanmar's Rohingya conflict could generate a potential for conflict within the borders of Bangladesh and beyond. The conflict in Myanmar due to the Rohingyas being deprived of their national citizenship had led to the mass exodus in 2017 to Bangladeshi land and the subsequent conflict in the host place. It was referred to various situations, including disputes, killing, abduction, and tensions between the refuges and host people. Based on existing theories of ‘exporting conflict’ such as displacing conflict and spill over effect of ethnic conflict, the article attempted to show how the Rohingya conflict originated in Myanmar lead to serious conflicts taking place in Bangladesh. The theoretical basis proposed in the article had been supported with reliable secondary sources of information and published expert opinions on the contemporary situation of the temporary Rohingya settlements in Bangladesh with regards to their sheltering, refugee management, and progress towards their repatriation process to Myanmar. The article argued that Myanmar's civil conflict had spilled over into Bangladesh's borders due to a sequence of events starting from when Myanmar's civil conflict erupted from its National Citizenship Act. Findings suggest that the Myanmar conflict has been displaced to Bangladesh through many refugee settlements that puts Bangladesh's population in midst of a host of issues concerning livelihood, safety, and security. This has been done while touching upon Bangladesh's position as a host country to millions of Rohingya refugees and shouldering issues already stemming from the temporary shelter of Rohingya people within its borders.

Policies and prejudice: Integration policies moderate the link between immigrant presence and anti-immigrant prejudice.

More people than ever migrate across the world, thereby more people than ever live, study, and work in countries, regions, and institutions with high immigrant presence. Conflict and threat theories have argued that increasing immigration inevitably heightens native citizens' anti-immigrant prejudice. Drawing on alternate strands of social psychological literature such as contact theory, the present study challenges this argument. We highlight the role of the sociopolitical context of prejudice focusing on socioeconomic and legal integration policies. We reason that such integration policies shape intergroup relations by reducing structural (socioeconomic and legal) inequalities. Thus, inclusive policies will effectively reduce prejudice especially at high levels of immigrant presence through empowering immigrants and reducing immigrant disadvantage. Indeed our findings identify inclusive integration policies as a key condition for low anti-immigrant prejudice in high-immigration contexts. We analyze surveys of 143,752 participants across 66 different countries, 20 subnational regions, and 64 institutions as sociopolitical contexts using six different data sets in eight studies. Our multilevel analyses consistently demonstrate that anti-immigrant prejudice is lower among natives when higher levels of immigrant presence are coupled with inclusive, rather than exclusive, integration policies. Inclusive policies that render immigrants more equal to natives are the path to improved intergroup relations and social cohesion in diverse societies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Review of Walter J. Nicholls 2019: The Immigrant Rights Movement: The Battle Over National Citizenship. Redwood City, CA: Stanford University Press.

Immigrant rights activism across the globe has intensified and become more networked and visible over recent years. Critical border and citizenship studies have increasingly stressed the agency of immigrants, even of those classified as ‘illegal’ by the category-making of the nation state. At the same time, migration policy scholars have (re)discovered the local level […]

Constraining dissensus and permissive consensus: variations in support for core state powers

Public opinion regarding EU integration has become increasingly important in light of both increasing public scepticism to integration and the EU’s gradual shift towards integration of core state powers (CSPs). This article contributes to an emerging literature studying support for integration of core state powers by investigating whether such integration, given its greater potential for polarisation and activation of nationalist identities, is more likely to be opposed than regulatory integration. The results show that some CSP integration may meet greater support than regulatory integration. They also show that a larger number of exclusively national citizens support externally, rather than internally, oriented CSP integration. This suggests that what policy area a policy belongs to may be more important for predicting contestation of its integration than whether it is a core state or regulatory power.