Cities Of Regional Significance Research Articles

Problems of registration of acts of civil status of Ukrainians abroad who left during martial law in Ukraine

Acts of civil status are actions and events that occur and initiate, change, supplement or terminate inextricably linked to an individual and the possibility of being a subject of civil rights and obligations.
 The State Register of Civil Status Acts must include the following information: birth; adoption; deprivation and restoration of parental rights; marriage registration; divorce; change of name; and death of an individual. The authorized bodies empowered to carry out state civil registration are the state civil registration authorities (central executive body in the field of state civil registration, state civil registration departments of the Main Department of Justice of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, main departments of justice in regions, cities of Kyiv and Sevastopol, district, district in cities, city (cities of regional significance), city and district departments of justice).
 A vital record is a state document issued by an authorized body to carry out state registration of civil status acts, which contains personal information about a person and confirms the fact of such an action or event.
 Over the past two years, the state has significantly simplified the state registration of civil status acts. In particular, it is now possible to submit an application for marriage registration through the Unified State Web Portal of Electronic Services (Diia Portal), and if one of the spouses is a military officer, state registration of marriage can be conducted by the civil registry offices without the personal participation of such a bride or groom, and state registration of civil status acts can be conducted in diplomatic missions.
 The full-scale invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation has provoked an unprecedented flow of Ukrainians who were forced to flee Ukraine abroad as a result of the fighting. According to the Ombudsman of Ukraine, as of 2022, 14.5 million Ukrainians have left the country. The exact figures are being investigated.
 However, many citizens abroad face problems with state registration of civil status acts in diplomatic missions, which makes it impossible for them to fully exercise their right.

Эпизоотическая обстановка по инфекционному ринотрахеиту крупного рогатого скота в Карагандинской области Республики Казахстан в 2021–2022 гг.

A comprehensive serological monitoring is currently underway in the Republic of Kazakhstan to detect the circulation of the infectious bovine rhinotracheitis pathogen. To conduct a full-fledged and resultful study, the principles of sampling size representativeness provision and mathematical calculations were observed. The sampling size of the total number of epizootological units included mainly the raions and settlements in which (or near which) infectious bovine rhinotracheitis cases had been previously recorded. The sampling size of livestock population included in the study was determined in accordance with the recommendations of the World Organization for Animal Health. Thus, the study covered 7 (out of 13) raions of the Karaganda Oblast in 2021 and 2022. The other 6 raions and cities of regional significance will be included in the research in 2023. The paper presents the results of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis retrospective analysis and own studies conducted in 2021–2022. Statistical analysis and graphical visualization of investigation results were performed using Statistica, Excel, and QGIS programs. It was established that the epizootic situation for this disease was unfavourable in the Karaganda Oblast in 2021–2022. The data and results of serological studies presented by the Veterinary Control and Surveillance Committee of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan confirm the circulation of the infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus in the following raions of the Karaganda Oblast: Abaisky, Aktogaisky, Bukhar-Zhyrausky, Karkaralinsky, Nurinsky and Osakarovsky.

LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT: ELECTIONS OF RURAL AKIMS

The article defines the organizational and legal significance of self-government in the Republic of Kazakhstan and considers electoral reforms from the point of view of electing rural akims. The emphasis is on the effectiveness of local self-government, and taking into account the peculiarities of the system of elections of rural akims is a topical issue today.The scientific novelty of the article lies in the study of the main problems of rural akims that arise in the electoral process. As part of the study of rural districts, the authors met and interviewed villagers, and also observed the elections of akims since the issuance of the Presidential Decree. Some models of local self-government were also briefly reviewed and analyzed.At present, one of the main tasks of the formation of self-government in the Republic of Kazakhstan at the level of villages, towns, cities of regional significance is the role of the people in solving local problems by holding meetings (conferences) of local governments. the local community in making management decisions by stimulating the participation, interest and responsibility of the local community.Therefore, it is very important to improve the efficiency of local self-government.

Державна підтримка розвитку громад в умовах фінансової децентралізації

Узагальнено повноваження органів місцевого самоврядування та ресурсне забезпечення їх реалізації. Розглянуто напрями державної фінансової підтримки розвитку громад в умовах децентралізації влади. Визначено можливості економічного розвитку громад за рахунок державної підтримки. Обґрунтовано необхідність стимулювання створення та розвитку економічно спроможних громад.

ФІНАНСИ ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНИХ ГРОМАД УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ПОШИРЕННЯ ПАНДЕМІЇ: ПРОБЛЕМНО ОРІЄНТОВАНИЙ АНАЛІЗ З УРАХУВАННЯМ ПОВЕДІНКОВИХ АСПЕКТІВ

Показано, що пандемія в Україні зумовила нові виклики і посилила ризики сталого поступу територіальних громад, а карантинні заходи поглибили негативні тенденції зміцнення їх фінансової спроможності. Проаналізовано процеси формування і використання фінансових ресурсів територіальних громад України в умовах пандемії. Наголошено на особливостях прояву кризи COVID-19 на місцевому рівні (асиметричний вплив на розвиток територій, негативні фінансово-економічні ефекти, невизначеність у прийнятті фінансово-управлінських рішень). Виявлено тенденції впливу пандемії на фінансові індикатори територіальних громад у розрізі обраних груп (міста обласного значення, міські, селищні та сільські ТГ): скорочення фінансової підтримки місцевих бюджетів з державного бюджету, сповільнення приросту податкових надходжень за основними податками; зменшення обсягів фінансових ресурсів на забезпечення економічного розвитку територій тощо. Ідентифіковано проблеми, які негативно впливають на зміцнення фінансової спроможності громад, серед яких: відсутність вертикальної координації та взаємоузгодженості дій органів державної влади та органів місцевого самоврядування в питаннях протидії наслідкам пандемії та забезпечення розвитку територій; несистемний характер реакції місцевих органів влади на кризові явища; надмірна орієнтація органів місцевого самоврядування на фінансування соціальних видатків і делегованих повноважень з одночасним скороченням обсягів економічного спрямування; низька комунікація органів місцевого самоврядування з мешканцями громад (особливо сільських) в умовах віддаленої роботи. Доведено вплив когнітивних, соціальних і психологічних чинників на прийняття рішень, що притаманно як окремим індивідам, так і групам осіб у частині: обґрунтування несистемного характеру і короткострокової перспективи реакції органів управління різних рівнів на кризу; неповної зайнятості найманих працівників; налагодження системної комунікації влади і мешканців; формування ефективних механізмів взаємодії та підтримки громадян з урахуванням поведінкових уявлень людей.

Depression of administrative-territorial units of Chernivtsi oblast: social-geographical assessment

Problem Statement and Purpose. The world economy has always developed and continues to develop cyclically, which affects the economic development of individual countries and their regions. As a result of cyclical economic development, regions are formed that maintain a progressive or stagnant type of economic development, and some of them, especially during periods of economic crisis, develop a regressive type. Thus, depressed regions or their separate territories appear, the study of which aims to identify in time the territorial disparities and polarizations of different types of the social formation of administrative units and to establish the level of their depression. It should be noted that most of the available scientific achievements concern the study of the territory of Ukraine at the regional level, and not at the subregional (raion) level. Therefore, our research allows us to shed more light on the depression of administrative-territorial units of Chernivtsi oblast, which differs from other regions of Ukraine by its natural-geographical, demographic, ethnic contrast, as well as cross-border and border position, which certainly has a significant impact on depression of regions and cities of regional significance.The purpose of this study is to conduct a socio-geographical assessment of the depression of administrative-territorial units of Chernivtsi oblast, which allows us to learn about the current state of the oblast and its raions in terms of depression, as well as identify possible steps to solve this problem.Data & Methods. To study the depression of administrative-territorial units of Chernivtsi oblast, the following main types were chosen: economic, social, and demographic. For each of these blocks, the main indicators of indicators were determined, according to which a socio-geographical assessment of the level of depression in administrative regions and cities of regional significance was conducted.Having established the rating places for each administrative-territorial unit according to the selected indicators, or their relative values, it was possible to establish the average place of each unit and, accordingly, the level of depression for each of the studied blocks. It was also established the common place of administrative units in the region by all indicators and thus identified different, according to the level of depression, regions.Results. With the help of rating research, the typification of administrative-territorial units of the oblast according to the level of economic, social, demographic, and integral depression was carried out. The most depressed were the agricultural raions of the oblast – Khotyn, and Sokyriany. However, it should be noted that Khotyn raion has the same types of depression in all its components, and in Sokyriany raion the worst is the demographic situation, and the best ‒ the economic one. The lowest level of depression is characteristic of Storozhynets raion, which is explained by its favorable geographical location relative to the oblast center, which contributes to economic and social development, as well as polyethnicity, which strengthens the demographic component.

Transformation of the economy of Ukrainian cities of regional significance: efficiency of the impact on the socio-economic developmen

The paper proposes a methodological approach to evaluating the impact of the transformation taking place in the economies of cities of regional significance (CRSs) on the socio-economic development of regions (oblasts). The analysis is conducted for cities of regional significance in the western part of Ukraine. The article emphasizes the asymmetry of regional socio-economic development as a result of the concentration of business activity and capital in the CRSs, a higher level of reception of growing direct foreign investment in the economies of CRSs compared to capital investment; a strong impact of structural changes in the economies of CRS on the Gross Regional Product (GRP). The authors found that the development of most CRSs was based on industrial production. Only half of the oblasts in Western Ukraine analyzed in the study showed evidence indicating that economies of their CRSs are undergoing a transformation towards service economy (which should correspond to the post-industrial development of the country).

On the Management and Financial Resources Formation of Local Budgets

The purpose of the study is to determine the role and significance of measures for the management of financial resources of local budgets. The objectives of the study include: conducting a theoretical study of management issues and the formation of financial resources of local budgets, studying the financial reports of the regions of Kazakhstan, statistical processing of the data obtained.Materials and methods. In the process of preparing the article, the issues of introducing the fourth level of the budget, on the participation of citizens in budget planning were considered. The authors analyzed the financial reports of the regions for the execution of the 2019 budget. In the process of preparing the materials for the article, the authors used the information of the website of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Kazakhstan, analytical statistical materials, and scientific works of scientists of Kazakhstan.The following research methods were used in the work: theoretical (analysis, synthesis, generalization), empirical (observation), statistical analysis, etc.Results. The public financial management system, in particular, has been the subject of large-scale reforms in recent years aimed at strengthening the country’s strategic development potential. In recent years, the orientation of budget planning to results has noticeably improved. The priorities of the “model of socio-economic development of the country” are agreed by the government and put forward by the Ministry of National Economy, and are duly reflected in the annual strategic plan of each ministry. Based on recent reforms, the programs outlined in the strategic plans are broadly aligned with the budget programs of the ministries, and management responsibilities in each province have been clarified.In recent years, important changes have occurred in relation to access to information, an online portal “Open Budgets” was developed, a civil budget was introduced, and centralized guidelines for their preparation were presented.Since 2018, Kazakhstan has introduced a fourth budget level for local governments. 90% of these budgets are formed from taxes and payments by residents themselves. Since January 1, 2020, in the cities of regional significance, villages, settlements and rural districts of the Republic of Kazakhstan with a population of 2,000 people and below, an independent local government budget has been introduced. In 2020, the corporate income tax (CIT) from small and medium-sized businesses as a revenue item was transferred from the republican budget to the local one. Thus, CIT receipts will be credited to the republican budget only from large business entities. Also, the maslikhats (local representative body) of the regions have the right to establish the standard for the distribution of CIT from small and medium-sized businesses between the regional and district budgets.Conclusion. Effective management of budgetary resources in accordance with the current budget policy should be guided by the implementation of the general goals facing the country’s budget system: impact on economic growth and employment, ensuring the economic and political functions of the state.The main priority in planning government revenues and expenditures is the well-being of citizens of Kazakhstan, namely, their social support, health and education, as well as creating conditions for high-quality post-crisis economic growth. Therefore, it is especially important to note the role and importance of measures to manage financial resources of local budgets.

Внутрішньорегіональні чинники та тенденції формування фінансово-економічного потенціалу громад ( на прикладі Львівської області)

The article reveals topical issues of forming the budget potential of Lviv region as the main component of its financial and economic development. The level of financial dependence of local budgets of Lviv region in terms of districts and cities of regional significance on intergovernmental transfers is analyzed. The composition and structure of tax revenues are determined, which allows to identify the features of the development of administrativeterritorial units of the region. An assessment of the level of use of financial and economic potential of administrative-territorial units of Lviv region in terms of determining the effectiveness of the formation of own revenues of local budgets.

ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЯ СТРУКТУРИ ЕКОНОМІКИ МІСТ ЗАХІДНОГО РЕГІОНУ УКРАЇНИ: СЕКТОРАЛЬНИЙ ВИМІР

Анотація. Досліджено особливості трансформації структури економіки міст Західного регіону України. Для цього проаналізовано просторову концентрацію економічної діяльності в містах обласного значення Західного регіону України, а також швидкість та інтенсивність трансформації структури їхніх економік. Залежно від структури економіки міст обласного значення в базовому періоді та інтенсивності структурних зрушень у ній упродовж досліджуваного періоду виокремлено два типи досліджуваних адміністративних одиниць: 1) міста обласного значення, які зберегли профільність економічної структури; 2) міста обласного значення, які диверсифікують структуру економіки. До останніх, зокрема, належать: а) міста обласного значення — промислові центри, які диверсифікували свою діяльність шляхом розвитку сервісної економіки; б) міста обласного значення, які трансформували структуру економіки в напрямі розвитку промисловості; в) міста обласного значення, які, попри поліпрофільність економічної структури в базовому періоді, наростили упродовж наступних років економічний потенціал лише в певному секторі економічної діяльності; г) інші міста обласного значення, зокрема ті, які змінили вектор економічної діяльності в напрямі розвитку суміжних галузей. Констатовано існування позитивних тенденцій (вища адаптивність структури економіки досліджуваних адміністративних одиниць до сучасних умов соціально-економічного розвитку), а також негативних тенденцій (асиметричність регіонального суспільно-економічного розвитку внаслідок концентрації ділової активності та капіталу в містах обласного значення; диспропорційність секторальних і просторових структурних змін в економіці міст обласного значення; посилення монопрофільності економічного розвитку окремих міст обласного значення в контексті загострення ризиків економічної діяльності) у трансформаційних процесах економіки міст обласного значення. Ключові слова: трансформація економіки, міста обласного значення, структура економіки, регіональна економіка, сектор економіки. Формул: 2; рис.: 0; табл.: 2; бібл.: 10.

ОДЕСЬКИЙ РАЙОН ЯК СІЛЬСЬКО-МІСЬКА АГЛОМЕРАЦІЯ

The article defines the composition of Odessa district by demographic characteristics of the communities that are part of it, identified it by essential characteristics as a rural-urban agglomeration. The scientific novelty and practical value of the study is to reveal the features of Odessa district, which are determined by its location, resource potential and nature of economic, industrial, social, cultural, recreational and other relationships and relationships between of urban, settlement and rural communities. It is proved that the inclusion of four other cities of regional significance in the district violated the existing natural-geographical and socio-economic division of the system of territorial organization of society into its rural and urban subsystems, but at the same time provided an opportunity to combine resources of communities to meet the growing needs of urban and rural populations and to solve existing problems that hinder the achievement of a higher standard of living by these communities. The advantages of Odesa district over other districts are determined, which consist in the presence of significant socio-economic, intellectual and cultural potential of its administrative center. The Indicated role of Odessa and other towns that are part of the district in the socio-cultural services of the population of suburban villages, their impact on changes in the settlement network, to planning of rural settlements. The socio-economic expediency of placing branches, workshops of enterprises, subsidiaries in the suburban zone of the administrative center of the district in order to prevent critical urbanization and deconcentration of production within its spatial boundaries. It was found that the predominance of certain functions, types of economic activity within the suburbs largely depends on the degree of remoteness of its communities from Odessa. With this in mind, three echelons of the suburban zone have been identified. The distance of the third echelon from the administrative center of the district varies between 50–60 km, the second – 30–50 km, the first – 30 km. The first echelon is used mainly for residential and industrial construction, unloading, placement of recreation centers, cottages, gardens. Within the second and third echelons, agricultural enterprises and other economic entities operate. Based on the results of the research, conclusions are made and prospects for further research in this area are determined.

ANALYSIS OF THE CONDITION OF HOUSING CONSTRUCTION IN THE KHARKIV REGION

The purpose of the article is to analyze the state of housing construction in the Kharkiv region and identify factors influencing the dynamics of its development. It is noted that the housing problem remains extremely relevant for the Kharkiv region where there is a large delayed demand for housing. Housing construction accelerates the growth of the gross domestic product of the region, employment of its population, growth of budget revenues. Factors influencing the amount of housing built are not constant and require periodic analysis. Statistical data of housing construction in Kharkiv region are investigated. It is noted that the area of housing commissioned has decreased in recent years. In 2012, half of the total area of residential buildings commissioned in the Kharkiv region fell on the city of Kharkiv. The last three years the area of residential buildings built in other cities and towns of the region is 17–30%. The leaders in housing construction among the cities of regional significance in different years were: Lyubotyn (2014), Izyum (2015, 2019), Kupyansk (2016-2017) and Chuguiv (2018). Among the districts, the most active housing construction is carried out in Kharkiv and Derhachiv districts. It is noted that the volume of construction work performed by enterprises of Kharkiv region in January-June 2020 amounted to 8.9% of the national volume, but the pace of construction of residential buildings decreased by 13%. The index of residential construction products for the first half of 2020 compared to the first half of 2019 amounted to 88%. It is determined that the number of commissioned housing primarily on the amount of capital investment in the region and other factors influencing the dynamics of housing development, such as the socio-political situation in the country, the state of the economy, the availability of mortgage lending and others. The housing programs operating in the Kharkiv region to provide the population with their own housing are considered. Keywords: housing, housing construction, housing provision, construction rates, housing loans, сapital іnvestments.

Вплив структури інвестицій на якість життя населення міст обласного значення Західного регіону України

Вплив структури інвестицій на якість життя населення міст обласного значення Західного регіону України

Tourism Industry of Sudan: History and Peculiarities of its Development in the 20th and 21st Centuries

The article considers the history of the tourism industry of one of the oldest states in the world — Sudan. The first attempts to organize sightseeing trips for Europeans to the Nile Valley were recorded after Napoleon’s expedition to Egypt in the early 19th century, but at that time Sudan was a little-known region. The military campaign of 1821 undertaken by the troops of Muhammad Ali resulted in the submission of Sudan and the establishment of the Egyptian-Turkish administration there. Since that time, the level of European intrusion into the country began to increase. The activities of travel companies only became notable in Sudan after the beginning of the colonial rule by England and Egypt in 1899. In the first decades of the twentieth century the first hotels were created, roads, including the railroad, were built, and cities were expanded as well as modernized. The hotel owners were predominantly foreigners. Tourism developed further after the country achieved independence in 1956. Since that time, national travel companies appeared, and travelers from Western countries and the Arab began to visit the country. Tourism has become an attractive sector for investment and capital raising, both local and international. At the same time, the economic and political problems observed in the period of 1980–2000 did not allow tourism to become a source of significant income for the state and prevented the sector from expanding. Currently, both high-level hotels and modest guesthouses, that mainly provide services for the domestic consumer, are built and operate in the capital of the country and in some cities of regional significance. The activity of travel companies remains at a low level and the number of foreign travelers is small. Local companies have attempted to cooperate with their Russian counterparts, but there are not enough prerequisites for initiating collaboration in this area. Sudanese researchers, economists, sociologists, historians, and marketing experts analyze the tourism sector and try to make recommendations for improving work in this area. This is reflected in a number of works in scientific journals that have been published in recent years.

PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS OF LOCAL BUDGET DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF ENSURING FINANCIAL SELF-SUFFICIENCY OF TERRITORIES IN UKRAINE

The purpose of the work is to identify trends and outline the problems of local budget revenues in Ukraine in the context of financial decentralization. Emphasis is placed on the need to form a systematic vision of the role of budget policy in ensuring the development of territories, determining the basis for the formation and implementation of local budgets in the context of ensuring the self-sufficiency of territorial communities formed as a result of decentralization. The scientific article presents the results of the analysis of the development of local budgets in Ukraine in the conditions of formation and functioning of united territorial communities. Research and calculations were conducted for the periods 2008-2018 and 2013-2019, which helps to identify trends and changes in the formation of local budgets due to fiscal innovations in 2014, the analysis of own revenues and transfers per capita in the regions of Ukraine. Emphasis is placed on the budget policy of territorial development in Ukraine at the present stage to increase the role of local governments in the budget sphere, providing them with expanded functions and achieving the ability to ensure the development of the territory through efficient use of available resources and use and search for additional opportunities. The main problems that remained unresolved in the context of decentralization reforms and intensified as a result of changes were identified. There is an inflated level of redistribution of gross domestic product through the public finance sector and a low level of institutional capacity of management to effectively manage financial resources, which is characterized by the risk of declining economic development and slowing down the activity of economic entities. The high level of dependence of local budgets of territories on financial support from the state budget and the problem of inefficient distribution of powers between different levels of government are argued. Emphasis is placed on the growth of disparities in the financial capacity of territories in the context of reforms of administrative and financial decentralization. As a result of the analysis of relevant indicators, the constant change of "rules" of subventions to local budgets is justified, which negatively affects the development of territories and is accompanied by the inability of local governments to effectively strategic planning of their own development. It is established to strengthen the financial capacity of developed regions, cities of regional significance and areas around such cities, deepening the depression of rural areas far from powerful "growth points" due to decentralization changes. The role of taxes as the main sources of revenue to local budgets (personal income tax, excise tax on fuel and excise tax on the sale of excisable goods, local taxes and fees) by business entities is substantiated.

ДЕМОГРАФІЧНА БЕЗПЕКА ЛЬВІВСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ: ПРОБЛЕМИ ТА РИЗИКИ ЇЇ ДОСЯГНЕННЯ

The demographic situation in Lviv region has been assessed, namely – the population number and density, birth and death rates, the natural increase, the causes of death, the average life expectancy, age and sexual structure, demographic load, the age of maternity, and migration movement of population, as for the administrative-territorial units. The main problems and risks concerning demographic safety of the administrative subdivisions of Lviv region have been pointed out. The factors influencing this were determined, namely: the demogeographic location, economic, social, cultural, religion and behavioral factors, as well as indirect relationships with foreign policy, state and military safety through the social-geographic location. The new model of the demographic behavior that is being formed in Lviv region is characterized by the prevalence of families with few children, the low level of early marriages and births, as well as the increase in the average age of giving birth, the high level of extramarital births, and the prevalence of the psychological motives of giving birth. The migration behavior took the new features of the movement of urban dwellers and residents of remote villages into suburban areas, that caused the deterioration of the demographic indices and the decrease of demographic safety level. The method of the determining the integral assessments of the levels of demographic safety, demographic threats, demographic risk, and demographic danger of the region has been revealed. The level of the demographic safety (danger) is expressed by the indicators, which normalization serves as the basis for the calculation of the integral index of the demographic safety of the region. The latter was calculated from the official data of the State statistical service of Ukraine and the Main statistical office in Lviv region. The regional features of the demographic safety of Lviv region have been determined, and administrative-territorial units were typified according to the levels and tendencies of their demographic safety. It was determined that in 2018 five districts (Brody, Zhydachiv, Peremyshliany, Radehiv, and Stryi) and four cities of regional significance (Boryslav, Drohobych, Morshyn, and Chervonohrad) were in the state of demographic danger (0,0–0,382), while Yavoriv district and the city of Stryi – were in the state of demographic risk (0.619–0.854). No single administrative-territorial unit of Lviv region were in the state of demographic safety (0.855–1), while all the other units were in the state of demographic threat (0.383–0.618). The optimizing measures were proposed for minimizing the demographic danger and lessening demographic threats in Lviv region.

АДМІНІСТРАТИВНО-ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНА РЕФОРМА В УКРАЇНІ: ЧИ Є РЕАЛЬНІ УСПІХИ У ФІНАНСОВІЙ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНИХ ГРОМАД?

The article analyzes the dynamics of formation of the united territorial communities, identifies problems that partially hinder the processes of decentralization in Ukraine. Despite the steady increase in the number of territorial communities, they are found to cover only about 40% of the country’s territory with 23,8% of the state’s population. There are no united territorial communities in 88 administrative districts at all. The share of territorial communities formed around the cities of regional significance is very low. In Ukraine significant regional disparities persist both in the size of newly created territorial communities and in the levels of their financial autonomy. There is a high proportion of sparsely populated (up to 5 thousand people) communities. With the total growth of own income of the united territorial communities in 2015– 2018 2,5 times, income per capita – 2,1 times, only 25% of communities are financially autonomous. The state continues to provide newly created territorial communities with financial assistance through the State Regional Development Fund and infrastructure development subsidies. It is proved that the indicators used by the central authorities to monitor the decentralization process only partially reflect the effectiveness of the formation and activity of the united territorial communities. Based on the use of correlation analysis, it is proved that the growth of own income of the united territorial communities is determined not by the results of their economic activity, but by the regulatory measures of the state. It was defined that the increase of own income of the united territorial communities was due to the growth of the minimum and average wages in the country, the rise of the price on agricultural lands and excise duties on tobacco, fuel and alcohol. Dependence of the united territorial communities' own incomes on wage growth and excise goods value is 96-98%. The prospects of further growth of the united territorial communities’ own income as a result of legislative changes in the field of taxation of land and rent for its use are revealed. A number of indicators are proposed that can be used to objectively estimate the economic and financial performance of the united territorial communities.

Data mining of sustainable development process with using nightlight indicators

The object of research is the process of sustainable development of territorial units on the example of the regions of Ukraine. The concept of sustainable development has become a leading development strategy for most countries in the world. One of the biggest challenges is the availability of complete and verified data for sustainable development assessment models. The method used to calculate the index of sustainable development, developed in the World Data Center for Geoinformatics and Sustainable Development of the National Technical University of Ukraine «Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute». This methodology is based on calculating the metric of the index of sustainable development based on measurements of the quality of life of the population and the components of the safety of living for individual countries and regions. For the application of the methodology at the regional level, it was suggested to use information on the night lighting of the territory received by means of remote sensing of the Earth from satellites. The character and cohesiveness of the connection between the brightness of night lighting and indicators of sustainable development are studied. It is established that the most significant link exists between indicators of the economic development index, the index of influence on climate change and night lighting of the regions of Ukraine. Based on geographic information analysis of ArcGIS software, ESRI has applied statistical zoning tools that provide opportunities for statistical processing of satellite images within the regionally or regionally allocated areas.On the basis of the mathematical apparatus of the intellectual data analysis, a global and local regression analysis of the relationships between the revealed indicators was carried out. Consideration of the cramped nature of this connection in the territorial section revealed areas with varying degrees of close ties, which is explained by the peculiarities of the socio-economic development of the territories. Due to this, it is possible to obtain the calculation of similar indicators at more detailed territorial levels, corresponding to separate regions or cities of regional significance.

EPIZOOTOLOGY DIROFILARIASIS OF URBAN POPULATION IN DOGS OF IVANOVO REGION

In recent years, in the European part of the Russian Federation, there has been an increase of invasions transmitted through blood-sucking insects – mosquitoes of the genus Aedes, Culex, Anopheles, which are intermediate hosts of Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens, which parasitize carnivorous animals. In the Ivanovo region, the extensiveness of dirofilaria invasion in residential and stray dogs is 2.6 and 5.3%, respectively. In the period 2010–2018 we examined dogs located in the territory of the regional center – the city of Ivanovo and cities of regional significance. The study was subjected to 95 stray, 743 mongrel dogs and 844 dogs of various breeds. Our research showed that microfilariae were found in 48 dogs in the territory of the cities of the Ivanovo region, the average extensiveness of invasion was 2.8% with an invasion intensity of 1-36 larvae in the field of view of the microscope. The infection of dogs with dirofilariae over the years ranged from 2.3% to 3.11%. In carnivores, we diagnosed only one type of pathogen – Dirofilaria repens. The greatest extensiveness of dirofilaria invasion was found in fighting dogs (16.6%), homeless (stray) dogs (5.3%). Microdirulence of the service dogs, street mongrel dogs and hunting breeds were microorganisms, respectively, 3.1%, 3.0% and 2.6%. Dogs living in the houses and apartments of their owners, both decorative and mongrel, were infested by dirofilaria larvae to a lesser extent 2.3–2.0%. The extensiveness of invasion of the examined pedigree dogs ranged from 0.8% to 100% and averaged 2.7%. The average invasion of mongrel domestic dogs was 2.7%.

THE ADMINISTRATIVE AND TERRITORIAL REFORM IN UKRAINE: ECONOMIC ASPECTS

Topicality. It is caused by excessive centralization of powers and financial and material resources by the executive authorities, the inability of the territorial communities of the basic level to fulfill their powers, the deterioration of the quality and availability of public services due to the lack of financial and material provision. Aim and tasks. To investigate the economic aspects of administrative-territorial reform in Ukraine, to identify the main problems of financial provision of territorial communities of the baseline level. Research results. The model of budget relations implemented is aligned not by expenditures, but by income. Such a mechanism has a motivational component regarding the interest in increasing the revenue base of local budgets. At that time, the transition to equalization of local budgets by income led to an increase in the differentiation of communities. Most benefit was given to cities of regional significance whose incomes have increased significantly. Local government revenues consist of own revenues and transfers from the central level. Over the past 20 years, the tendency towards a decrease in the share of local budget revenues and the increase in the share of state budget revenues in the consolidated budget of Ukraine (without intergovernmental transfers) has been observed. The share of local budget revenues without transfers (own revenues) decreased by 1,5 times from 31,4 % in 2002 to 20,9 % in 2018. In the financing system of local self-government, during the study period, the share of transfers increased. The share of own revenues decreased almost 2 times, from 78,4 % in 2002 to 42,1 % in 2018, and the share of transfers increased from 21,6 % to 57,9 %, respectively. This dependence on transfers is of a serious scale: in 45 % of the united territorial communities (UTC) transfers in 2016 amounted to 75 % of revenues. The increase in the share of transfers in the budgets of local self-government, the dependence of the amount of transfers from central authorities and the inability to plan them, as well as the transfer of powers without adequate financial support, pose significant risks to the economic self-sufficiency of local communities. In 2016, 76 % of expenditures of local self-government bodies were performed on behalf of central authorities as financing of "delegated powers" (health care, education, social protection). At the same time, transfers from the central level accounted for only 57,9 % of local budget revenues. That is, a considerable part of delegated powers of local self-government bodies are forced to finance at the expense of their own income. As a result, they have little resources to fulfill their "own authority", namely the construction and repair of local roads and housing, the provision of utilities (water supply and sewerage, waste collection, heating, etc.), as well as local transport and development of " objects of culture and rest. Under the burden of current expenditures, the investment capacity of local self-government bodies is small. The authorities at the oblast and rayon level are not entirely self-governing, as regional and district levels act as local self-government bodies (regional and district councils), as well as executive bodies (oblast and rayon state administrations). The first few have very few powers, and their executive bodies are not created, although this is provided by the Concept. The latter are subordinate to the central authorities and they have a dominant role. All this complicates the assessment of changes at the regional and district levels in the context of financial decentralization. A prerequisite for the normal functioning and development of UTC is their economic self-sufficiency. This implies that the UTC revenues correspond to the expenditures necessary for the exercise of their own and delegated powers. An appropriate methodology is needed to carry out an assessment of the economic self-sufficiency of the communities. More than 4 years of decentralization reform have taken place, but there is no corresponding methodology. The lack of a methodology for assessing the economic self-sufficiency of the combined territorial is due to objective reasons. First, this is the lack of a clear and legally-established division of powers between the executive and local self-government bodies, as well as between the levels of the latter. Secondly, the lack of standards and norms of financial and infrastructural provision of public services (schools, kindergartens, paramedical outpatient departments, out-patient departments, engineering networks, etc.). Conclusions. The conducted study shows that Ukraine has a centralized system of incomes and expenditures, and the reform of financial decentralization has led to the opposite result, namely, to increase the dependence of local self-government on central authorities. The reform of financial decentralization in Ukraine tends to support a model that is more based on transfers than on its own revenue.