City Of Manaus Research Articles

PATOLOGIAS EM PAVIMENTOS FLEXÍVEIS: TRECHO AVENIDA TORQUATO TAPAJÓS COM AVENIDA CONSTANTINO NERY NA CIDADE DE MANAUS - AM

This study aimed to conduct a case analysis through the evaluation and assessment of pathologies in flexible pavements at a stretch of Avenida Torquato Tapajós with Avenida Constantino Nery, in the city of Manaus - AM. The research sought to identify the causes and origins of these pathologies, relating solutions to each diagnosed situation based on theses, articles, and consulted literature. The main objective of this article is to analyze the most common pathologies in flexible pavements. The research is justified by the need to assess the maintenance of damages and pathologies in pavements, a constant factor in the infrastructure sector that incurs high costs and requires thorough analysis to determine the procedures to be adopted. The method used was a descriptive qualitative exploratory study, grounded in existing literature and field documentation. Based on the analysis of the pathologies, the necessary maintenance methods were defined in accordance with federal regulations and current standards in Brazil. The results revealed different classifications of pathological manifestations in flexible pavements. It was found that the traffic anticipated for the road project does not align with its actual usage, contributing to the noticeable occurrence of cracks in the analyzed roadway. Implementing best practices can mitigate the negative impacts of these pathologies, ensuring the longevity of pavements and the safety of users. Adherence to established guidelines is crucial to ensure that flexible pavements meet required standards, avoiding future problems arising from inadequate interventions. With the increasing digitization in the construction sector, the integration of new technologies becomes increasingly viable for managing pathologies in flexible pavements in heavily trafficked highway segments.

POST-HARVEST QUALITY IN THE ‘TOMMY ATKINS’ MANGO FOR DIFFERENT HARVEST TIMES

Determining the correct harvest time is essential for maintaining post-harvest fruit quality. The aim of the present study was to investigate the biochemical and physiological effect of three different harvest times on maintaining post-harvest quality in ‘Tommy Atkins’ mangoes from the state of Roraima, sold in markets in the city of Manaus. The treatments consisted of the different harvest times: control, harvested 90 days after anthesis; early harvest, harvested 70 days after anthesis; and late harvest, harvested 105 days after anthesis. At the end of the experimental period, mangoes harvested at 70 DAA were found to have a low carotenoid content, with the pulp unable to reach commercial maturity; the pulp had a high level of firmness, with the highest concentrations of vitamin C and phenolics, and the greatest antioxidant activity. When the mangoes were harvested at 105 DAA, the pulp had the least firmness and a sugar content very close to that of the early-harvested fruit, with lower concentrations of phenolics and vitamin C, and lower antioxidant activity. On the other hand, the fruit harvested at 90 DAA showed adequate physical resistance and acceptable results for sensory quality, functional compounds and antioxidant activity.

PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DOS CASOS DE HEPATITE C NA CIDADE MANAUS DE 2019 A 2023

Hepatitis is a multifactorial disease caused by viruses, drugs, alcohol, medications, or genetic, autoimmune, and metabolic conditions that cause inflammation in the liver. Among viral hepatitis, hepatitis C stands out, belonging to the Flaviviridae family, identified in patients with non-A and non-B hepatitis. Hepatitis C represents a major public health challenge, and can lead to serious complications, such as cirrhosis and liver carcinoma, in addition to causing systemic conditions, such as cryoglobulinemic vasculitis and chronic inflammation. The general objective of the research was to characterize the epidemiological profile of hepatitis C cases in the city of Manaus from 2019 to 2023. This is a cross-sectional descriptive epidemiological study, based on data from SINAN and the FVS-RCP Viral Hepatitis Monitoring Panel, involving 804 cases of hepatitis C reported in Manaus-AM between 2019 and 2023. Between 2019 and 2023, 804 cases of hepatitis C were recorded in Manaus, with variations over the years, with the highest percentage in 2019 (27%) and the lowest in 2020 (15%). There was a predominance of cases among men (54%) compared to women (46%). The most affected age group was 40 to 59 years old (42%), followed by people aged 60 and over (40%). The main route of infection identified was sexual transmission, responsible for 35% of cases, and deaths, which totaled 103, occurred mostly among men (74%). The strengthening of primary care and awareness campaigns are essential to contain the spread of hepatitis C. The data collected can guide the planning of specific public health actions in Manaus.

Re-emergence of Oropouche virus between 2023 and 2024 in Brazil: an observational epidemiological study

Oropouche virus is an arthropod-borne virus that has caused outbreaks of Oropouche fever in central and South America since the 1950s. This study investigates virological factors contributing to the re-emergence of Oropouche fever in Brazil between 2023 and 2024. In this observational epidemiological study, we combined multiple data sources for Oropouche virus infections in Brazil and conducted in-vitro and in-vivo characterisation. We collected serum samples obtained in Manaus City, Amazonas state, Brazil, from patients with acute febrile illnesses aged 18 years or older who tested negative for malaria and samples from people with previous Oropouche virus infection from Coari municipality, Amazonas state, Brazil. Basic clinical and demographic data were collected from the Brazilian Laboratory Environment Management System. We calculated the incidence of Oropouche fever cases with data from the Brazilian Ministry of Health and the 2022 Brazilian population census and conducted age-sex analyses. We used reverse transcription quantitative PCR to test for Oropouche virus RNA in samples and subsequently performed sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of viral isolates. We compared the phenotype of the 2023-24 epidemic isolate (AM0088) with the historical prototype strain BeAn19991 through assessment of titre, plaque number, and plaque size. We used a plaque reduction neutralisation test (PRNT50) to assess the susceptibility of the novel isolate and BeAn19991 isolate to antibody neutralisation, both in serum samples from people previously infected with Oropouche virus and in blood collected from mice that were inoculated with either of the strains. 8639 (81·8%) of 10 557 laboratory-confirmed Oropouche fever cases from Jan 4, 2015, to Aug 10, 2024, occurred in 2024, which is 58·8 times the annual median of 147 cases (IQR 73-325). Oropouche virus infections were reported in all 27 federal units, with 8182 (77·5%) of 10 557 infections occurring in North Brazil. We detected Oropouche virus RNA in ten (11%) of 93 patients with acute febrile illness between Jan 1 and Feb 4, 2024, in Amazonas state. AM0088 had a significantly higher replication at 12 h and 24 h after infection in mammalian cells than the prototype strain. AM0088 had a more virulent phenotype than the prototype in mammalian cells, characterised by earlier plaque formation, between 27% and 65% increase in plaque number, and plaques between 2·4-times and 2·6-times larger. Furthermore, serum collected on May 2 and May 20, 2016, from individuals previously infected with Oropouche virus showed at least a 32-fold reduction in neutralising capacity (ie, median PRNT50 titre of 640 [IQR 320-640] for BeAn19991 vs <20 [ie, below the limit of detection] for AM0088) against the reassortant strain compared with the prototype. These findings provide a comprehensive assessment of Oropouche fever in Brazil and contribute to an improved understanding of the 2023-24 Oropouche virus re-emergence. Our exploratory in-vitro data suggest that the increased incidence might be related to a higher replication efficiency of a new Oropouche virus reassortant for which previous immunity shows lower neutralising capacity. São Paulo Research Foundation, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Wellcome Trust, US National Institutes of Health, and Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development. For the Portuguese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

CONTROLE DE QUALIDADE E PARÂMETROS MICROBIOLÓGICOS EM PETSHOPS EM MANAUS

Currently, animals are often treated as members of the family, which leads owners to increasingly seek the services of pet shops (bathing and grooming), as a result of which there is concern about the proliferation of microorganisms in these environments. . The intricacy of the research aimed to identify the presence of pathogenic microorganisms, as well as evaluate the importance of cleaning and disinfecting scissors, dryers, grooming machines, grooming tables and the animal stall, alerting users and owners of pet shops , for inadequate hygiene and disinfection. The research was carried out in the city of Manaus, in three pet shops, in different areas, the methodology applied was the collection and observation of microorganisms, through sterile swab, which lasted for three days, where it was assessed that of the five items analyzed, three showed positive results for the proliferation of microorganisms, and two negative results for their presence. Upon completing the research, it was noted that inadequate hygiene and disinfection generate the proliferation of microorganisms, thus enabling an analysis for better implementation and control over the cleaning of equipment and spaces in pet shops.

The supply of fish/seafood in retail establishments in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

Every year, the large retail networks diversify the supply of fish and seafood. This is relevant for the 2,066,175 inhabitants of the city of Manaus, capital of the state of Amazonas, since per capita consumption of fish is one of the highest in Brazil. Data collection was carried out from May, 2021 to March, 2022 and establishments were grouped into: Emporiums (Group 1), Supermarkets (Group 2) and Hypermarkets (Group 3). A total of 25 establishments from 14 chains were visited. In all, 1,019 different products were recorded, 346 from groups of continental species (20 groups of species) and 673 from groups of marine species (29 groups of species), with greater diversity in Group 2. Products with greater commercial value are found in Group 1, those with lower value in Group 2. Whole fish are offered, in chunks, sliced, balls, in paste form (pate, sachets, surimi), sausages/tambaqui (Colossomo macropomum) sausage, dried and salted, canned, in mixes and paella kits, etc. In the comparative analysis of the prices between the groups, there was no significant difference in prices among the groups of establishments for 11 of the 17 products analyzed, in which we can highlight three marine species: tuna (Thunnus thynnus) with 62 products, cod (Gadus macrocephalus; Gadus morhua) with 41 products, sea sardine (Sardinella brasiliensis) with 31 products; and one freshwater species, tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) with 41 products; allowing the consumer a wide choice between the types of establishments and the products available in order to meet their needs, preferences and provide convenience.

PRODUÇÃO DE SILAGEM COM RESIDUO UMIDO DE CERVEJARIA PARA ALIMENTAÇÃO DE VACAS LEITEIRAS.

Dairy farming in the State of Amazonas only exists on an industrial scale because of the high cost and lack of availability of cattle feed imported into the State. There is a concrete difficulty in establishing quality forage plantations due to the inadequate climate and soils, causing livestock farming to cause environmental degradation and being considered an activity with a high negative impact due to fires to obtain new pasture areas. At the same time, waste from the local brewery industry is discarded when it could be used to feed dairy cows. The aim was to develop a simple way to use waste from a brewery located in the city of Manaus as an alternative to the high-cost feed used in industrial dairy farming and, possibly, to make family farming (Carvalho et al., 2021) viable through a methodology that defines the specific conditions for sun drying and proper storing of the wet waste, ensuring an increase in the product’s shelf life and enabling its river distribution to the inland of the state (Salman, 2020).

Whole-Genome Analysis of Extensively Drug-Resistant Enterobacter hormaechei Isolated from a Patient with Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma.

Currently, the Enterobacteriaceae species are responsible for a variety of serious infections and are already considered a global public health problem, especially in underdeveloped countries, where surveillance and monitoring programs are still scarce and limited. Analyses were performed on the complete genome of an extensively antibiotic-resistant strain of Enterobater hormaechei, which was isolated from a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, who had been admitted to a hospital in the city of Manaus, Brazil. Phenotypical identification and susceptibility tests were performed in automated equipment. Total DNA extraction was performed using the PureLink genomic DNA mini-Kit. The genomic DNA library was prepared with Illumina Microbial Amplicon Prep and sequenced in the MiSeq Illumina Platform. The assembly of the whole-genome and individual analyses of specific resistance genes extracted were carried out using online tools and the Geneious Prime software. The analyses identified an extensively resistant ST90 clone of E. hormaechei carrying different genes, including blaCTX-M-15, blaGES-2, blaTEM-1A, blaACT-15, blaOXA-1 and blaNDM-1, [aac(3)-IIa, aac(6')-Ian, ant(2″)-Ia], [aac(6')-Ib-cr, (qnrB1)], dfrA25, sul1 and sul2, catB3, fosA, and qnrB, in addition to resistance to chlorhexidine, which is widely used in patient antisepsis. These findings highlight the need for actions to control and monitor these pathogens in the hospital environment.

Seasonal studies of aquatic humic substances from Amazon rivers: characterization and interaction with Cu (II), Fe (II), and Al (III) using EEM-PARAFAC and 2D FTIR correlation analyses.

Aquatic humic substances (AHS) are defined asan important components of organic matter, being composed as small molecules in a supramolecular structure and can interact with metallic ions, thereby altering the bioavailability of these species. To better understand this behavior, AHS were extracted and characterized from Negro River, located near Manaus city and Carú River, that is situated in Itacoatiara city, an area experiencing increasing anthropogenic actions; both were characterized as blackwater rivers. The AHS were characterized by 13C nuclear magnetic ressonance and thermochemolysis GC-MS to obtain structural characteristics. Interaction studies with Cu (II), Al (III), and Fe (III) were investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy applied to parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (2D-COS FTIR). The AHS from dry season had more aromatic fractions not derived from lignin and had higher content of alkyls moities from microbial sources and vegetal tissues of autochthonous origin, while AHS isolated in the rainy season showed more metals in its molecular architecture, lignin units, and polysacharide structures. The study showed that AHS composition from rainy season were able to interact with Al (III), Fe (III), and Cu (II). Two fluorescent components were identified as responsible for interaction: C1 (blue-shifted) and C2 (red-shifted). C1 showed higher complexation capacities but with lower complexation stability constants (KML ranged from 0.3 to 7.9 × 105) than C2 (KML ranged from 3.1 to 10.0 × 105). 2D-COS FTIR showed that the COO- and C-O in phenolic were the most important functional groups for interaction with studied metallic ions.

Healthcare access, quality and financial risk protection among displaced Venezuelan women living in Brazil: a cross-sectional study

Millions of Venezuelans have been displaced because of deteriorating socio-economic conditions in their country. We examine key domains of universal health coverage among migrant Venezuelan women in Brazil: healthcare access, care quality and financial risk protection. We collected primary data on 2012 Venezuelan women aged 15-49 who migrated to Brazil between 2018 and 2021, in the cities of Boa Vista and Manaus, along with secondary data for Brazilian women. We used linear regression with entropy balance matching to estimate associations between migrant status and healthcare spending, utilisation and quality indicators. Our sample had a mean age of 29.5 years (S.D. 8.9), 64% (1286/2011) of mixed ethnicity, 29% (577/2011) white, 4% (71/2011) black, 3% (62/2011) indigenous and 1% (15/2011) other ethnicities. Compared to Brazilian women, migrant women had 9.5 percentage points (pp) (95% CI: 6 pp-13 pp; p<0.0001) higher catastrophic health expenditure incidence. Migrants were 27 pp (95% CI: 11 pp-43 pp; p=0.0008) more likely to receive healthcare when sought, but 37 pp (95% CI:-45 pp to-29 pp; p<0.0001) less likely to have had a pap smear in the last three years. Migrants were as likely as non-migrants to have received pap smear results within three months (95% CI:-9 pp to 22pp; p=0.39) and clinically appropriate antenatal consultations (95% CI:-10 pp to 40 pp; p=0.23). Migrant women in Brazil have relatively good healthcare access and quality outcomes. Yet a potential backlog of unmet sexual and reproductive healthcare needs and inadequate financial risk protection require policy attention. UK Economic and Social Research Council (ES/T00441X/1).

Contextual and individual factors associated with traumatic dental injuries in deprived 12-year-old schoolchildren: A cohort study.

Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) among children and adolescents have been acknowledged as of public health concern worldwide. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between contextual and individual characteristics and TDIs in 12-year-old schoolchildren. A cohort study was conducted with 355 schoolchildren living in deprived communities in the city of Manaus, Brazil. Contextual factors (place of residence and socio-economic indicators) and individual characteristics, including sex, family income, parents/guardians years of schooling, overjet and open bite (Dental Aesthetic Index), self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale), sense of coherence (Sense of Coherence Scale), oral health beliefs, social support (Social Support Appraisals) were assessed at baseline. TDIs were measured at baseline and at 2-year follow-up using the O'Brien Index. Data were analysed through confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The baseline prevalence of TDIs was 17.6% and the incidence of TDIs at 2-year follow-up was 26.8%. Better psychosocial status had a direct protective effect on the incidence of TDIs (β = -.184). Better contextual characteristics (β = -.135) and greater overjet (β = -.203) were directly associated with poor psychosocial status. Higher schooling of parents/guardians directly predicted better psychosocial status (β = .154). Psychosocial status mediated the relationship of greater overjet (β = .036), contextual factors (β = .024) and parental/guardian schooling (β = -.027) with TDIs. Contextual factors and individual characteristics predicted TDIs. Psychosocial status was a relevant individual attribute in the causal network of TDIs, due to the direct effect on the incidence of TDIs as well as a mediator on the influence of contextual factors, overjet and parents/guardians schooling on the incidence of TDIs.

Nutritional status and age at menarche in Amazonian students

ObjectivesAge at menarche (MA) is a proxy for biological maturation and a parameter of socioeconomic changes. Worldwide, anticipation of menarche is associated with nutritional transition and excess weight. The objective of this study was to evaluate the MA in Amazonian students and its association with nutritional status, ethnicity, and socioeconomic level. MethodsCross-sectional study with 1,017 students aged 6 to 17 living in the city of Manaus, Brazil. MA was analyzed by status quo and recall; its association with body mass index (BMI), race, socioeconomic status, and adult height was examined. Results559 (51.9%) participants had already experienced menarche. In 91.7%, menarche occurred between 10 and 14 years of age; the mean age at the onset of menarche was 11.9 years. Overweight (11.6 years) and obese (11.4 years) participants reached menarche earlier than those with normal weight (12 years) and lean (12.7 years) participants. The associations between MA and nutritional status showed that overweight and obesity are risk factors for the early occurrence of menarche. MA was not associated with socioeconomic status/parental education or race. However, excess weight was associated with earlier MA in all races and social classes. The adult height was slightly lower in girls with menarche before 12 years old (157.9 vs 159.4 cm). ConclusionRegardless of socioeconomic level or ethnicity, excess weight was associated with earlier menarche in Amazonian students.

Temporal and spatial analysis of over 7,000 measles cases outbreak from 2018 to 2019 in the Brazilian Amazon.

This study aimed to present a temporal and spatial analysis of the 2018 measles outbreak in Brazil, particularly in the metropolitan city of Manaus in the Amazon region, and further introduce a new tool for spatial analysis. We analyzed the geographical data of the residences of over 7,000 individuals with measles in Manaus during 2018 and 2019. Spatial and temporal analyses were conducted to characterize various aspects of the outbreak, including the onset and prevalence of symptoms, demographics, and vaccination status. A visualization tool was also constructed to display the geographical and temporal distribution of the reported measles cases. Approximately 95% of the included participants had not received vaccination within the past decade. Heterogeneity was observed across all facets of the outbreak, including variations in the incubation period and symptom presentation. Age distribution exhibited two peaks, occurring at one year and 18 years of age, and the potential implications of this distribution on predictive analysis were discussed. Additionally, spatial analysis revealed that areas with the highest case densities tended to have the lowest standard of living. Understanding the spatial and temporal spread of measles outbreaks provides insights for decision-making regarding measures to mitigate future epidemics.

Aflatoxins in Tapioca Gum Marketed in Manaus-AM-Brazil

Introduction: Among the culturally consumed foods in the North and Northeast of Brazil, tapioca gum, derived from cassava, has good popular acceptance, and is used in different culinary preparations. Objective: To assess the presence of aflatoxins in samples of tapioca gum from Manaus. Method: 24 samples of tapioca gum (n=24) were collected from retailers and fairs in the city of Manaus, for the quantification of AFL by means of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), water activity (Aw) and moisture content (mc%). Results: in seven samples, aflatoxin G1 (AFLG1) was detected, representing 29.17% of contamination. The average of Aw was equal to 0.9952 and the mc% was 41.615%. Conclusion: this work presents, in an unprecedented way, the presence of AFLG1 in tapioca gum. The mc% correlated with the presence of AFLG1, while Aw had no effect on AFL. It is not possible to determine the risk of the presence of AFLG1 for human consumption due to the lack of legislation for the product, but the results reflect the manufacturing, storage, and transport practices of local businesses, demonstrating the need for intervention.

Morphological description of the digestive tract of the Amazonian Diving Lizard Uranoscodon superciliosus (Linnaeus, 1758) and its associations to the diet and foraging mode.

The study aimed to characterize the digestive tract of Uranoscodon superciliosus and its associations to the diet and foraging behavior already described for the species. Five lizards were captured in forest areas near the city of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Tongue, oesophagus, stomach, small and large intestines fragments were collected, fixed, and processed for light microscopy. Hyaline cartilage was present in the center of the tongue, and the papillae from the apex and glands from the radix showed positive reaction to Alcian blue. The oesophagus presented a folded mucosa, covered by an epithelium with mucous and goblet cells positive to PAS and Alcian blue. There was presence of gastric glands in the cardic and fundic stomach regions, plus all the regions reacted positively to PAS. Fold and villi variations in both small and large intestine were noted, as well as the number and arrangement of goblet cells. Mucous and goblet cells from the small intestine were positively stained in PAS, while only the goblet cells were Alcian blue positive. These findings indicate that the Amazonian Diving Lizard's digestive tract organs, mainly the tongue and stomach, present morphologies associated to ambush-type foraging and a specific diet largely based on small invertebrates.

Brazilian public funding for biodiversity research in the Amazon

The Brazilian Amazon is one of Earth’s most biodiverse and ecologically important regions. However, research investments for biodiversity in the biome are disproportionately low compared with other regions of Brazil. In 2022, the Amazon received 13% of master's, doctoral and postdoctoral scholarships and hosted 11% of all researchers working in biodiversity postgraduate programs. Amazonian institutions received approximately 10% of all federal budget spent on grants and scholarships and about 23% of all resources destined to support long-term ecological sites. The cities of Manaus and Belém concentrate about 90% of all grants and scholarships available for the entire region. Despite per capita research investment in the Amazon being equal to or better than that available for the more economically developed regions of Brazil, the distribution of resources by area is highly unequal. Increasing research funding for the Amazon region requires differential input by federal agencies and more transnational collaborations and integration between Amazonian programs and international funds.

Atração de rola bosta (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) a excremento de arapaçu pardo (Aves: Dendrocolaptidae) na Amazônia central

ABSTRACT Bird droppings are an unusual food resource for coprophagous insects and used mostly by opportunistic decomposers. Among them, dung beetles feed mainly on dung, although the species differ in their trophic plasticity. Here we report a record of a dung beetle, Canthidium cf. gracilipes, reaching and manipulating the dropping of a passeriform bird, Dendrocincla fuliginosa (Dendrocolaptidae). The behavior was observed in an urban forest fragment located in the Amazonian city of Manaus, Brazil. Two hours after the bird defecated, the dung beetle reached the dropping and started manipulating them with its fore- and hindlegs. It did not eat the dung, though. For a clear understanding of the relationships between bird droppings and Amazonian dung beetles, it will be important to perform standardized experiments with a wide variety of native dung and carrion types.

In silico analysis of non-structural protein 12 sequences from SARS-COV-2 found in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, reveals mutations linked to higher transmissibility.

The disease coronavirus COVID-19 has been the cause of millions of deaths worldwide. Among the proteins of SARS-CoV-2, non-structural protein 12 (NSP12) plays a key role during COVID infection and is part of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex. The monitoring of NSP12 polymorphisms is extremely important for the design of new antiviral drugs and monitoring of viral evolution. This study analyzed the NSP12 mutations detected in circulating SARS-CoV-2 during the years 2020 to 2022 in the population of the city of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. The most frequent mutations found were P323L and G671S. Reports in the literature indicate that these mutations are related to transmissibility efficiency, which may have contributed to the extremely high numbers of cases in this location. In addition, two mutations described here (E796D and R914K) are close and have RMSD that is similar to the mutations M794V and N911K, which have been described in the literature as influential on the performance of the NSP12 enzyme. These data demonstrate the need to monitor the emergence of new mutations in NSP12 in order to better understand their consequences for the treatments currently used and in the design of new drugs.

The Ruins of a Steel Mill: Planetary Urbanization in the Brazilian Amazon

This article studies the socio-environmental history of a steel mill in Manaus, Brazil, the largest city in Amazonia. The Companhia Siderúrgica da Amazônia Sociedade Anônima, SIDERAMA, an integrated steel mill created in 1961 and liquidated in 1997 after a convoluted history of mismanagement, was part of private and public efforts to colonize the Brazilian Amazon through industrial urbanization. Exploring its impacts at a diversity of scales, the article presents it as a historical case study of planetary urbanization. The steel mill polluted the city of Manaus, and resource extraction to feed it with materials and energy disrupted environments and societies deep into the Amazon rainforest. This process underscores the global reach of urbanization during the second half of the twentieth century and the need to rethink the role of Amazonia during the Anthropocene.

Comparative Analysis of Masonry Productivity on a Construction Site in the City of Manaus

Objective: The main focus of this work is to conduct a comparative study on productivity by developing compositions based on the specificities of construction companies in comparison to the constants in TCPO and SINAPI, for the conventional masonry service of 9x19x19 cm ceramic brick ½ time, and to gain insights into the differences in productivity between TCPO, SINAPI, and RUP in the city of Manaus, understanding the reasons behind these variations. Method: This study involves bibliographic research, data collection, and comparative analysis. Results and Conclusion: The methodology used in the study allowed for on-site data collection, SINAPI data collection, and TCPO data collection. With this information, it was possible to calculate the proposed RUPs: Daily, accumulated, and potential. Using these data, the average SINAPI RUP was also calculated, and the TCPO RUP was collected. This scientific research provided a concrete study of labor productivity in the masonry work of a residential construction project. With on-site data collection, the calculation of RUPs was performed, and comparisons were made with TCPO and SINAPI references. Research Implications: Contribution to improving productivity in civil engineering projects in the city of Manaus, reducing costs, and optimizing resource utilization. Originality/Value: This research is novel in the region, and the comparison of data between TCPO, SINAPI, and real production is crucial to understanding their outcomes.