Art In City Research Articles

O karatê-do como instrumento de formação do caráter e personalidade dos praticantes através de suas técnicas corporais

Esta pesquisa objetiva investigar, com instrutores de Karatê-do, a compreensão sobre relação entre técnicas corporais desenvolvidas nesta arte marcial e a formação do caráter do praticante, relação que segundo os autores da área é direta e incontornável. Como instrumento de coleta de dados, utilizou-se entrevistas com todos os instrutores atuantes desta arte marcial na cidade de Santarém-PA. Como resultado, vemos por exemplo 38% dos professores demonstraram trabalhar a formação do caráter e personalidade de forma direta e objetiva, sem considerar que as próprias técnicas são instrumentos de formação deste caráter, outros 54% puderam fazer tal raciocínio, enquanto 8% dos entrevistados demonstraram faze-lo assim, somente com as crianças, chegando-se a conclusão de que os instrutores metodologicamente ainda não demonstram coesão de trabalho, bem como, alguns deles, ainda carecem de maior alinhamento com os autores da área.

From the journals to printing: notes on the genesis of Un viaggio in Italia by Guido Ceronetti

Un viaggio in Italia by Guido Ceronetti in 1983 breaks new ground in the odeporic genre, both for the originality of its structure, and for the strong critical reflection on the deterioration of the country, caused by speculative construction, pollution and moral corruption. By looking for 'another' Italy, one humble, secret, and different from the great cities of art, Ceronetti analyzes himself and the omnipresent struggle between Good and Evil. The present article aims to highlight these characteristics through a study of the genesis of the work, comparing the first unpublished drafts of the travel notebooks –kept at the Biblioteca Cantonale in Lugano– to the printed text of the Einaudi edition.

James C.S. Lin and Xiuzhen Li (2018). China’s First Emperor and the Terracotta Warriors.

In February 2018 a new exhibition entitled China’s First Emperor and the Terracotta Warriors opened at the World Museum, in Liverpool. Organised in collaboration with the Shaanxi Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau and Shaanxi History Museum, this did not of course represent the first visit of the Terracotta Army to these shores. In terms of public engagement, however, it was undoubtedly a major coup for Liverpool: a small selection of the figures drew some 225,000 visitors to the City Arts Centre in Edinburgh in 1985; whilst the British Museum’s blockbuster 2007-8 exhibition attracted crowds that had not been seen since the ground-breaking Tutankhamun exhibition in 1980. The Liverpool exhibition showcased some 180 items, over half of which had not previously been seen in the UK. Given the range of material on display and the undoubted widespread popular interest in Qin Shi Huang’s Terracotta Army, it is accordingly not surprising that National Museums Liverpool took the decision to produce a new publication to accompany the exhibition

Spatial Barriers and the Formation of Global Art Cities: The Case of Tokyo

This paper addresses a neglected dimension of global cities research: how the idea of economic concentration, its surplus and consequent global influence can be applied to the art world. The research presented here relates to Tokyo as a well‐known example of a global city, advancing existing understandings of Tokyo from the neglected perspective of the arts. Based on qualitative and quantitative research by the author, including cultural and spatial mapping, interviews, ethnographic observations and visual documents, the findings confirm that the role of space and materiality is overlooked in global cities research. The results demonstrate the active contribution and intervention of spatial patterns in the formation of artistic activities. A number of Tokyo's spatial features have an inhibiting effect that shifts artistic activities underground, creating asymmetries in the constitution of symbolic meanings in the city and a failure to openly stimulate artistic practices. As a consequence, Tokyo's vivid art world remains invisible not only to outsiders but to Tokyo itself.

Art History at the Barricades

Art History at the Barricades

Overtourism in Cities of Art: A Framework for Measuring Tourism Carrying Capacity

Many destinations across the world suffer from the consequences of excessive manmade pressure tied to the explosive growth of tourism, often resulting in a loss of cultural identity and environmental degradation. Cities of art, in particular, contend with the difficult challenge of managing their historic centres while trying to balance the requirements of daily life for their residents and the needs of tourists visiting the main attractions. Local administrators need strategic tools that provide reference guidelines for defining and monitoring specific cautionary thresholds with which to define tourism policies oriented to sustainability. This paper presents a model for analytical measurement of the tourism carrying capacity of historic centres of cities of art consisting of about fifty indicators. The set is accompanied by an analysis of the tourist profile and of the tourist destination system under study, aimed at facilitating the collection of data used to calculate the indicators and their supporting role in decision-making for Destination Management Organisations (DMO) and the public administration. The case study presented is that of the UNESCO World Heritage Historic Centre of Florence for which the analytical model was applied experimentally over the three-year period of 2015–2017. The results of this first implementation show the capacity of the model to assist the city in its definition of a sustainable tourism policy for the historic city centre able to supply a detailed picture of the changing tourism phenomenon and its economic, social, and environmental implications.

Nikolay Raynov – Beauty with a crystalline structure

The aim of the paper is to give a glimpse of the syncretism and complexness of the work of Nikolay Raynov and to propose an approach that would show his methods of implication of artistic historical ideas into paintings and works of decorative art. Furthermore, it is a reflection about the 130th anniversary exhibition of Raynov's paintings at the Sofia City Art Gallery1 from the perspective of its historical place in European art and its actual insight.

Reviews Fall 2018

Raynsford, A. Review of: Wolfgang Sonne, Urbanity and Density in 20th Century Urban Design, Berlin: DOM Publishers, 2017. Figueira, J. Review of: Lea-Catherine Szacka, Exhibiting the Postmodern: The 1980 Venice Architecture Biennale, Venezia: Marsilio Editori, 2016. Erten, E. Review of: Meltem O. Gurel, eds., Mid-Century Modernism in Turkey (Architecture Across Cultures in the 1950s and 1960s), Routledge: London and New York, 2016. Christensen, P. Review of: Aldo Rossi: The Architecture and Art of the Analogous City, Princeton University School of Architecture, February 5 to March 30, 2018. Watson, V. Review of: Mies van der Rohe + James Stirling: Circling the Square, The Architecture Gallery, RIBA, March 8 to June 25, 2017.

The costs of putting Valencia on the map: the hidden side of regional entrepreneurialism, ‘creative city’ and strategic projects

ABSTRACTStrategic projects based on culture and sports have been one of the vectors of regional development since the 1990s. Accordingly, local and regional governments have drawn up entrepreneurial strategies to project their image internationally and foster investment and tourism. These developments have been described in Spain as ‘The Calatrava Model’ for putting a city/region on the map and for boosting tourism. However, from the study of the case of Valencia and four strategic projects (The Fifth World Meeting of Families, The America's Cup, Formula 1 and The City of Arts and Sciences), we will show how there is a hidden side to this paradigm, which boils down to an unsustainable, top-down system whose sole purpose is to gain and maintain political hegemony. We will also assess the medium and long term impacts of these projects in terms of: opportunity costs, snowballing debt, corruption, and an utter breakdown of democratic controls as a result of Valencia’s poor regional governance.

The urban lounge and a green view. A temporary art installation in Bologna during the Art City White Night

‘The urban lounge and a green view’ was a temporary art installation promoted by City Space Architecture in collaboration with bAQ, Bottega Azioni Quotidiane, a young group of Architecture students from the University of Florence. It was part of the ‘Arte Fiera. International Fair of Modern and Contemporary Art’ in Bologna, Italy, and took place during the ‘Art City White Night’ on January 25, 2014. It was intended to transform two parking spots in the core of the historic city of Bologna into places of social interaction. It was inspired by the worldwide famous Park(ing) Day, started in 2005 by Rebar in San Francisco.

Competence of Architects in the Context of Jakarta Socio-Cultural-Ecology Architecture

One city is determined by the characteristics of the urban developing building. The characteristics of the building are determined by the architectural capacity that is influenced by the culture, social and the surrounding environment. In Indonesian cities especially Jakarta, competency standards are needed as a professional detection tool that keeps the legacy of a city of art and building. The problem to be found in this research is how the building of competence that marks a competent architecture for Jakarta. The research method used is exploratory research as one of the stages in Neuroresearch research model. The results of the study found that there are 13 competencies that are able to describe the urban legacy within the architect in the context of the Jakarta Socio Cultural Ecology Architecture.

Competence of Architects in the Context of Jakarta Socio-Cultural-Ecology Architecture

One city is determined by the characteristics of the urban developing building. The characteristics of the building are determined by the architectural capacity that is influenced by the culture, social and the surrounding environment. In Indonesian cities especially Jakarta, competency standards are needed as a professional detection tool that keeps the legacy of a city of art and building. The problem to be found in this research is how the building of competence that marks a competent architecture for Jakarta. The research method used is exploratory research as one of the stages in Neuroresearch research model. The results of the study found that there are 13 competencies that are able to describe the urban legacy within the architect in the context of the Jakarta Socio Cultural Ecology Architecture.

Architect A.N.Beketov. Life and Creative Work

In the article the features of creativity of the Kharkov architect A.N. Beketov were considered, who had graduated from the Imperial Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg (with a Big Golden Medal, 1888). The very first of his works gave the new development of the central streets and squares of Kharkiv (in enlarged, really capital scale). He came to work in Kharkov at his own request, and in 1889 he won a competition for the project of Commercial School building, which was realised. In the 1890-s and the 1910-s, A.N. Beketov supervised his own design bureau, which dealt not only with the design, but with the organization of construction works. In 1894, for a library project for one and a half million volumes, he received the title of academician of architecture. In accordance with the obtained education, A.N. Beketov freely operated with forms of various historical styles and because this he was a typical for his time architect- eclecticist. In total, A.N. Beketov built more than 40 public and residential buildings in Kharkov and about 60 in other cities of the Russian Empire and in the USSR. The main buildings on Beketov's projects in Kharkov are concentrated in the area between Pushkinskaya and Sumskaya streets. Particularly interesting are the buildings of mansions, built on his projects, including three of his own. He designed public buildings in Neo-Renaissance, «Beaux-Arts» and Neoclassicism styles, and his projects of the mansions had more diverse stylistic solutions, taking into account their perception in the urban environment and the relations with surrounding buildings adjacent areas. On the street of Myrrhbearers was formed an interesting kind of ensemble of Beketov's mansions, which are now usedas the professional clubs and the central city's art museum.

Distribution of tourists within urban heritage destinations: a hot spot/cold spot analysis of TripAdvisor data as support for destination management

ABSTRACTThe emergence of social media and Web 2.0 has a notable impact upon the tasks of destination managers as these platforms have developed into influential mechanisms affecting tourist behaviour. This paper shows how Destination Management Organizations (DMOs) can reap the benefits of the Web 2.0 revolution as it serves as an important source of user-generated information, bringing novel opportunities for data-driven destination management. To test the applicability of user-generated content for destination management, this paper analyses restaurant reviews from five Flemish art cities which were retrieved from the Web 2.0 platform TripAdvisor. Getis-Ord hot spot analysis revealed spatial clusters of frequently (‘hot spots’) and rarely (‘cold spots’) reviewed restaurants in four out of the five art cities. By comparing these spatial patterns, the digital footprints of tourists were uncovered and discussed with DMO directors. Found patterns appeared to reflect local policies aimed either at concentrating tourism, as in Bruges, the city with the most prominent hot spot, or spreading tourism over time and space as seen in Antwerp and Ghent where less prominent hot spots were present. The visualization proved to be a valuable input when discussing tourism management and fuelled the sharing of knowledge between the destinations.

Rethinking city transformation: Florence from art city to creative fashion city

ABSTRACTThe paper aims to contribute to the debate of the economic transformation on cities discussing the case of Florence and its evolution from ‘art city’ to ‘creative fashion city’. According to the evolutionary vision of the path dependence model, the paper analyses the birth, development and establishment of the fashion industry within the city. This analysis seeks to understand if cultural and creative resources may contribute to the emergence of new trajectories or to the renewal – or decline – of existing ones. Results show that the existence of an endowment of cultural and creative assets and a base of knowledge and competences historically related to the artisanal tradition foster the creation of a fashion cluster. Despite the specificities of the case, the paper may give some insights of risks and opportunities related to rethinking the local economic transformation following a cultural-led and creativity-oriented approach.

Artists and the city: mapping the art worlds of eighteenth-century Paris

ABSTRACT:Paris is renowned for artistic neighbourhoods like Montmartre and Montparnasse in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. But for earlier periods, the art-historical picture is much vaguer. Where did artists live and work in the eighteenth century? Which neighbourhoods formed the cultural geography of the early modern art world? Drawing on data from a large-scale digital mapping project locating the addresses of hundreds of eighteenth-century artists, this article answers these crucial questions of urban art history. Following an overview of the digital project, the article explores three different mappings of the city's art worlds: a century long survey of the neighbourhoods inhabited by the Academy's artists; a comparison of where the Guild's artists were living in a single year and a wider world view of Parisian artists abroad. Through its new cartographic models of Paris's art worlds, this article brings the city to the foreground of eighteenth-century French art.

Redefining Publics, Artists, and Urban Spaces: The Case of Made in Musina, South Africa

AbstractSince the end of apartheid (1994), public art—broadly defined as art in public spaces (Miles )—has been increasingly present and visible in the South African urban landscape. But South African public art, and particularly the dominant one sponsored by public entities or private companies, mainly consists in one type of art that is permanent, installed in big cities, produced within top‐down strategies, and destined for an abstract public. In reaction to that trend, some artists are attempting to critically and radically redefine public art in South African cities today, especially by looking at the role of the different publics in the art‐making process. In their desire to include the various publics in the making of art, one can wonder about the capacity of these artists to promote a new form of public art that could be a tool to amend the urban context by (re)integrating all the publics that compose South Africa today in the production of the post‐apartheid city. To address this concern, I will focus in particular on the Made in Musina project. Initiated by two artists in a small town close to the South African/Zimbabwean border, this project is emblematic of an attempt to invent an alternative way of making public art with its publics (in that case, local artists), starting from their desires, even at the risk of having the initial project “hijacked.” Based on observations in situ and in‐depth interviews, I will consider the different phases of this project in order to grasp the opportunities and the challenges of such public art. I will argue that this South African “new genre public art” (Lacy ) is changing not only art itself but also the way South African cities—and small towns like Musina—imagine themselves through art and artists.

Naples, city of art and culture: tourism policy and a new image for the city in the 1990s

ABSTRACTThis article focuses on the origins of the revitalisation of tourism in Naples since 1994 after a long tourism crisis. The article argues that this phase of revitalisation was triggered by the new Municipal administration, headed by Mayor Antonio Bassolino, who invested in ‘cultural heritage’ and ‘cultural identity’ as the main features of Naples. These new tourism policies were geared toward building a new city image: from one based on stereotypes and clichés – Vesuvius, sea, sun, ‘spaghetti’ pasta and ‘pizza’ – to a ‘city of art and culture’. The article, after analysing the tourism crisis since 1960, focuses on policies activated by Naples’ Municipality in 1993–1997 that aimed to increase cultural tourism. In this regard, the article examines the ‘Museo Aperto’ (Open Museum) project. This was the first culture-based initiative for tourism revitalisation launched by the Municipality, and it was activated in the ancient city centre, corresponding to the Greek−Roman city. The analysis confirms that these policies contributed to making culture a new productive resource for Naples. The article also identifies challenges that persist despite the revitalisation of tourist flows and identifies some possible improvements to promote the city’s tourism potential.

Arts, Crafts and Trades in Ancient and Byzantine Thessaloniki: Archaeological, Literary and Epigraphic Evidence by Anastassios Antonaras

Reviewed by: Arts, Crafts and Trades in Ancient and Byzantine Thessaloniki: Archaeological, Literary and Epigraphic Evidence by Anastassios Antonaras Laura N. Horan Anastassios Antonaras, Arts, Crafts and Trades in Ancient and Byzantine Thessaloniki: Archaeological, Literary and Epigraphic Evidence (Regensburg: Schell and Steiner 2016) 268 pp. This volume is the first comprehensive study of the ancient and Byzantine material culture of Thessaloniki. Its author, Anastassios Antonaras, a curator of Byzantine Art at the Museum of Byzantine Culture in Thessaloniki, possesses an innate knowledge of the region and a depth of understanding of his historical subject. Drawing on textual, archaeological, and material sources, Antonaras reconstructs a vibrant city at the nexus of trade routes across the Mediterranean and the greater world. The volume focuses on a broad time span, beginning in ancient Thessaloniki and continuing through the end of the Late Byzantine period. Within this timeframe, the city saw dramatic rises and falls in technology, population, and trade. Antonaras explores many remains of material culture that would have formed part of the everyday existence of those living in the second largest city of the Byzantine Empire. This near encyclopedic book explores many facets of the city's arts and crafts, with a special emphasis on their manufacture, such as records mentioning the materials and evidence of known production sites. The book has two central portions of equal weight and importance: a comprehensive summary of known information about production in the city and a catalogue of documented production sites in the region. The first portion is divided into three expansive chronological periods: Hellenistic to Early Christian, Middle Byzantine, and Late Byzantine. The topics and trades discussed within this book could each be expanded into its own study, as demonstrated in the rich footnotes, primary sources, and bibliography. Each era of the book begins with a brief introduction that paints a general view of the city in terms of population, trade, and religion at the time. Following this overview, each section then focuses on brief segments relating to the types of crafts that were local to the region and time. These subsections lay out known examples of the arts and crafts, with little interjection or analysis. Instead, the author remains focused on presenting the material in a systematic and straightforward method, at times seeming to go out of his way to maintain a sense of impartialness towards the material. The crafts surveyed include not only more well-known media, such as textiles and glasswares, Antonaras' specialty, but also lesser studied ones, such as baskets, woven mats, and bone carvings. The crafts vary during each period; some such as metalworking, mosaics, and painting are discussed in all three time periods, whereas others are only found in one period. Even in repeated topics, however, the emphasis on a localness of time and space remains at the center of his writing. The decision of the author to organize the book chronologically, rather than discuss each craft as a whole, is an effective one. Copious figures and images accompany each section. In addition to discussions of the remaining material evidence, the author takes care to note evidence of related resources to the industry, such as relevant materials and written sources that mention the production. The thoughtful narration about the many crafts creates a rich understanding of the city's shifting environment. But, the most exceptional portion of this book is the extensive catalogue of attested workshops that follows the main [End Page 221] text. This section provides an invaluable resource to future scholars. Antonaras has compiled a brief description on each attested workshop with an individual bibliography provided for each site. Also included with each entry are excavation drawings, maps, and quality images of site remains and findings. This catalogue of sites is supported by a large, removable map at the back of the book, which plots all archaeologically attested workshops in the city, providing a visual compilation that recreates the craft industries of greater Thessaloniki over a millennium. An analysis of the map and the relevant sections of the book allows the reader to understand how certain sections of the city, for example, the cemeteries, changed over time. The map also allows scholars to place together the...

Privacy in the Smart City—Applications, Technologies, Challenges, and Solutions

Many modern cities strive to integrate information technology into every aspect of city life to create so-called smart cities. Smart cities rely on a large number of application areas and technologies to realize complex interactions between citizens, third parties, and city departments. This overwhelming complexity is one reason why holistic privacy protection only rarely enters the picture. A lack of privacy can result in discrimination and social sorting, creating a fundamentally unequal society. To prevent this, we believe that a better understanding of smart cities and their privacy implications is needed. We therefore systematize the application areas, enabling technologies, privacy types, attackers, and data sources for the attacks, giving structure to the fuzzy term “smart city.” Based on our taxonomies, we describe existing privacy-enhancing technologies, review the state of the art in real cities around the world, and discuss promising future research directions. Our survey can serve as a reference guide, contributing to the development of privacy-friendly smart cities.