PubMed Citations Research Articles

Mapping the Past Two Decades of Nutrition and Food Security in Iran: A Co-Word Network Analysis

Background: Food security in communities can prevent health complications, so investigators have made efforts to find its related factors through various fields. This study aims to draw a road map for nutrition and food security research in Iran. Methods: Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Islamic World Citation Center were searched for eligible publications in nutrition and food security related to Iran for the two decades from 2001 to 2020. Content analysis was done by a co-word network technique using VOSviewer software. Results: Finally, 28,995 scientific publications among 50,444 search results were eligible to include in this study. The research map was drawn using 403,262 keywords obtained from the title and abstract of the papers. A 23.53% growth rate of publications was seen. Iranian articles were mainly published in scientific journals under 10 subject categories. The highly repeated keywords of "treatment", "plant", "age", "risk", and "consumption" were in publications. Moreover, the articles were categorized into thematic clusters of "environmental and climate change", "health ", "food industry and food safety", and "agriculture and water resources management" which were related to nutrition and food security. An increasing trend was observed in the number of publications during the past two decades in Iran. Conclusion: The relation of clinical nutrition, malnutrition, diet, and in recent years, food production and climate change with food security have been extensively studied by Iranian researchers. However, they have neglected studies on public health and policy in food and nutrition security, which reveals their dominant clinical or agricultural approach.

Stent A pancreaticojejunostomy after pancreatoduodenectomy: Is it always necessary?

The establishment of a postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is considered the most common and, concomitantly, the most serious complication associated with pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). The search for either technical modifications of the operative technique or pharmaceutical interventions that could possibly aid in decreasing the incidence of this often-devastating complication appears justified. The stenting of the pancreatic duct, with the use of either internal or external stents, has been evaluated in this direction. In theory, it is an approach that could eliminate many pathophysiological factors responsible for the occurrence of a POPF. The purpose of the present study was to review the current data regarding the role of pancreatic duct stenting on the incidence of POPF, after PD, by using PubMed and Reference Citation Analysis. In general, previous studies seem to highlight the superiority of external stents over their internal counterparts in regard to the incidence of POPF; this is at the cost, however, of increased morbidity associated mainly with the stent removal. Certainly, the use of an internal stent is a less invasive approach with acceptable results and is definitely deprived of the drawbacks arising through the complete diversion of pancreatic juice from the gastrointestinal tract. Bearing in mind the scarcity of high-quality data on the subject, an approach of reserving stent placement for the high-risk for POPF patients and individualizing the selection between the use of an internal or an external stent according to the distinct characteristics of each individual case scenario appears appropriate.

Optic nerve sheath diameters in nontraumatic brain injury: A scoping review and role in the intensive care unit.

Neuromonitoring in medical intensive care units is challenging as most patients are unfit for invasive intracranial pressure (ICP) modalities or unstable to transport for imaging. Ultrasonography-based optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) is an attractive option as it is reliable, repeatable and easily performed at the bedside. It has been sufficiently validated in traumatic brain injury (TBI) to be incorporated into the guidelines. However, currently the data for non-TBI patients is inconsistent for a scientific recommendation to be made. To compile the existing evidence for understanding the scope of ONSD in measuring ICP in adult non-traumatic neuro-critical patients. PubMed, Google Scholar and research citation analysis databases were searched for studies in adult patients with non-traumatic causes of raised ICP. Studies from 2010 to 2024 in English languages were included. We found 37 articles relevant to our search. The cutoff for ONSD in predicting ICP varied from 4.1 to 6.3 mm. Most of the articles used cerebrospinal fluid opening pressure followed by raised ICP on computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging as the comparator parameter. ONSD was also found to be a reliable outcome measure in cases of acute ischaemic stroke, intracerebral bleeding and intracranial infection. However, ONSD is of doubtful utility in septic metabolic encephalopathy, dysnatremias and aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. ONSD is a useful tool for the diagnosis of raised ICP in non-traumatic neuro-critically ill patients and may also have a role in the prognostication of a subset of patients.

Determining Ideal Management for Patients With Coexisting Prolactinomas and Psychiatric Symptoms: A Systematic Review.

Prolactinomas-pituitary tumors that overproduce prolactin-can cause various troublesome symptoms. Dopamine agonists (DAs) reduce prolactin production in the prolactin pathway, making them the first-line treatment for prolactinomas. However, the main side effect of DA treatment, hyperdopaminergia, is an explicit etiology for psychiatric side effects. Psychiatric conditions are often treated with dopamine antagonists, which can induce hyperprolactinemia. This presents a challenge for patients with both a prolactinoma and a preexisting psychiatric condition, as treatment of one condition could worsen the other. This review seeks to identify an adequate therapeutic regimen for patients with coexisting prolactinomas and psychiatric symptoms. This review examined PubMed citations from 1960 to 2023 published in English and involving human subjects. Case reports, case series, and cohort studies involving patients with concomitant prolactinomas and psychiatric symptoms, as validated by brain imaging, serologic prolactin levels, and medical history or chart reports of psychiatric symptoms, were included. Thematic analysis included 23 reports involving 42 participants; 27 of the 42 patients experienced a significant reduction in prolactin levels and psychiatric symptoms (64%). Treatment of those 42 patients included discontinuing or altering antipsychotic/dopamine antagonist therapy or discontinuing DA therapy to reduce psychiatric symptoms, with surgery or radiation postpharmacotherapy as a last-line strategy. However, in some cases (reported in Tables 2 to 4), either psychiatric or prolactin-related symptoms recurred despite adjustment. Clinicians may find it beneficial to prioritize specific antipsychotics (aripiprazole, olanzapine, ziprasidone, or clozapine) over others (risperidone, thioridazine, thiothixene, and remoxipride). Discontinuing DA medication at least periodically until the patient's condition improves may also be advisable. If these 2 initial approaches do not yield a significant improvement in symptom management, surgery or radiation therapy may be considered. As patients may respond differently to these therapies, our study still recommends a patient-centered approach.

Proton Pump Inhibitors and Cancer Risk: A Comprehensive Review of Epidemiological and Mechanistic Evidence.

Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly prescribed long-acting drugs used to treat acid reflux, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and peptic ulcers. Recently, concerns have been raised about their safety, particularly due to the association between long-term PPI use and cancer development. Multiple comprehensive studies have consistently suggested a noteworthy link between prolonged PPI usage and an increased risk of developing gastric, esophageal, colorectal, and pancreatic cancers, yet the precise underlying mechanism remains elusive. Methods: First, we review the extensive body of research that investigates the intricate relationship between cancer and PPIs. Then, we predict PPI toxicity using the prodrug structures with the ProTox-II webserver. Finally, we predict the relative risk of cancer for each PPI, using PubMed citation counts of each drug and keywords related to cancer. Results: Our review indicates that prolonged PPI use (exceeding three months) is significantly associated with an elevated risk of cancer, while shorter-term usage (less than three months) appears to pose a comparatively lower risk. Our review encompasses various proposed mechanisms, such as pH and microbiome alterations, vitamin and mineral malabsorption, hypergastrinemia, and enterochromaffin-like cell proliferation, while ProTox-II also suggests aryl hydrocarbon receptor binding. Potentially, the PubMed citations count suggests that the PPIs omeprazole and lansoprazole are more associated with cancer than pantoprazole and esomeprazole. In comparison, the H2R blocker, famotidine, is potentially less associated with cancer than PPIs, and may serve as a safer alternative treatment for periods beyond 3 months. Conclusions: Despite the well-established cancer risk associated with PPIs, it is notable that these medications continue to be widely prescribed for periods longer than 3 months. Thus, it is of paramount importance for clinicians and patients to thoughtfully evaluate the potential risks and benefits of long-term PPI usage and explore alternative treatments before making informed decisions regarding their medical management.

Assessing Structural Racism Measures on Health Outcomes of Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders: A Scoping Review.

Limited literature exists on structural racism measures on health outcomes for Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders (AAs and NH/PIs). AAs and NH/PIs make up approximately 6.2% of the U.S. population and consist of diverse ethnic subgroups with distinct languages, cultures, religions, socioeconomic statuses, and historical backgrounds. The lack of disaggregated data collection and contextualized measures hinders our understanding of how structural racism affects health outcomes in these populations. We conducted a scoping review to assess the extent to which measures of structural racism are used in research with AAs and NH/PIs. Databases, including CINAHL, EBSCO, PsychINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and Social Science Citation Index, were searched for peer-reviewed articles on the measures of and empirical impacts of structural racism on AA and NH/PI health. We identified 23 full-text articles from a pool of 11,660 screened articles. Four articles were included in the final analysis. Among the selected studies, two studies identified an association between racial segregation and mental and behavioral health outcomes within AAs and NH/PIs. The other two studies found redlining on chronic health outcomes in these communities. These studies uncovered associations between government systems and policies and AA and NH/PI health outcomes. Existing measures may not adequately capture the complex relationships between structural racism and health outcomes in AAs and NH/PIs. Future research should contextualize and operationalize the multifaceted manifestations of structural racism unique to AAs and NH/PIs to achieve health equity.

The effectiveness of cervical rehabilitation interventions for pain in adults with myogenic temporomandibular disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Little evidence exists for the most effective conservative treatment approach for adults with myogenic temporomandibular disorders (MTMD). We aim to assess the effectiveness of cervical rehabilitation interventions on pain intensity and sensitivity in adults with MTMD compared to comparison intervention such as placebo, sham treatment, education or no intervention. For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, PEDro databases, forward and backward citations and grey literature studies through PROSPERO, clinical trials and data registries without language or date restrictions between inception and 1 December 2021. We selected randomised controlled trials (RCTs) based on adult populations with MTMD who had a cervical rehabilitation intervention which was defined as any conservative intervention targeting the anatomical structures of the cervical spine. The primary outcome measures for pain were self-reported pain intensity and pain sensitivity through the pressure pain threshold (PPT) of the masseter and temporalis muscles. Secondary outcome measures of maximal mouth opening (on MMO) were included. Included studies were assessed for bias with the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomised trials. Evidence from RCTs was synthesised to determine treatment effect size as differences between standardised mean difference (SMD) for changes in pain intensity, PPT and MMO comparing adults with MTMD who were treated with cervical rehabilitation interventions compared to a control group. This study is registered on Prospero, number CRD 42021289299. Our general search yielded 2647 studies where seven RCTs met eligibility criteria with low to some concerns in their risk of bias. Pain intensity (five studies, n = 223, SMD -0.98, 95% CI -1.67 to -0.28, I2 = 79%), PPT of the masseter muscle (six studies, n = 395, SMD 0.64, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.86, I2 = 90%) and the temporalis muscles (five studies, n = 295, SMD 0.76, 95% CI 0.07 to 1.45, I2 = 84%) showed large treatment effect estimates favouring cervical rehabilitation interventions compared to no treatment, sham cervical treatment, patient education or non-cervical neuromuscular techniques. Compared to control interventions, one type of cervical rehabilitation intervention, cervical manual therapy alone or in combination with a neck exercise program was associated with statistically significant, large treatment effect estimates on pain intensity (four studies, n = 203, SMD -1.52, 95% CI -2.50 to -0.55). This review found that in the short-term, cervical rehabilitation interventions especially upper cervical MT alone or in combination with a neck exercise program are effective in improving multiple pain outcomes in adults with MTMD. However, further research is needed to measure the long-term effects of this type of intervention.

The Role of Endoscopic Ultrasound-guided Fine-needle Aspiration of Pelvic Lesions: A Meta-analysis.

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is a potentially valuable tool for the diagnosis of pelvic lesions. The aim of this meta‑analysis was to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of EUS-FNA in the diagnosis of pelvic lesions. We performed a computerized search of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Science Citation Index, through March 2023. The main outcome measures examined in the meta-analysis were sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy. We evaluated 22 trials that used surgical pathology or imaging follow-up results as the reference standard. The studies comprised 844 patients. The cumulative sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy were 94%, 100%, 100%, 89%, and 96%, respectively. In the subgroup analysis, the prospective studies revealed the cumulative sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy were 91%, 100%, 100%, 85%, and 93%, respectively. In conclusion, we provide evidence that EUS-FNA is a qualitative diagnostic technique with high sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and accuracy. However, its NPV is slightly low, which does not exclude the risk of a missed diagnosis, and more randomized controlled trials or prospective studies are still needed in the future. EUS-FNA is effective and feasible for pelvic space-occupying lesions. This technique has high clinical application value for pelvic lesions.

Analyzing the Spread of Informatics with PubMed.

We analyzed PubMed citations since 1988 to explore the dissemination of medical/health informatics concepts between countries and across medical domains. We extracted countries from the PubMed author affiliation field to identify and analyze the top 10 informatics publishing countries. We found that the informatics publications are becoming more similar over time and that the rate of exchange across countries has increased with the introduction of e-publishing. Nonetheless, with the exception of machine learning, the impact of core informatics concepts on mainstream medicine and radiology publications remains small.

Machine Learning in Magnetic Resonance Images of Glioblastoma: A Review.

The purpose of this work was to identify which Glioblastoma (GBM) problems can be handled by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Machine Learning (ML) techniques. Results, limitations, and trends through a review of the scientific literature in the last 5 years were performed. Google Scholar, PubMed, Elsevier databases, and forward and backward citations were used for searching articles applying ML techniques in GBM. The 50 most relevant papers fulfilling the selection criteria were deeply analyzed. The PRISMA statement was followed to structure our report. A partial taxonomy of the GBM problems tackled with ML methods was formulated with 15 subcategories grouped into four categories: extraction of characteristics from tumoral regions, differentiation, characterization, and problems based on genetics. The dominant techniques in solving these problems are: Radiomics for feature extraction, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator for feature selection, Support Vector Machines and Random Forest for classification, and Convolutional Neural Networks for characterization. A noticeable trend is that the application of Deep Learning on GBM problems is growing exponentially. The main limitations of ML methods are their interpretability and generalization. The diagnosis, treatment, and characterization of GBM have advanced with the aid of ML methods and MRI data, and this improvement is expected to continue. ML methods are effective in solving GBM-related problems with different precisions, Overall Survival being the hardest problem to solve with accuracies ranging from 57%-71%, and GBM differentiation the one with the highest accuracy ranging from 80%-97%.

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ ДЛЯ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ ФОКАЛЬНОГО ИШЕМИЧЕСКОГО ИНСУЛЬТА

The purpose of the authors' study is to conduct a critical analysis of data on methods for modeling ischemic stroke presented in peer-reviewed sources indexed in the Pubmed and Russian Science Citation Index databases for the 2019-2023 period.

Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in India and the United States: Clinical Insights from a Comparative Review

Abstract Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes. This review aims to compare the published research on DPN from India and the United States, both having a significant diabetes population and having diverse means and approaches to health care. An online medical database search was conducted on PubMed using the key terms “global prevalence of diabetic neuropathy’, “epidemiology and risk factors of DPN”, “clinical presentation of diabetic neuropathy’, screening and diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy”, “DFU associated with diabetic neuropathy”, and “Charcot neuroarthropathy” from the onset to June 2022. Due to inadequate PubMed citations, a random Google Scholar search was performed. Out of a total of 209 citations (Title/Abstract) that were identified, following a thorough analysis by four different reviewers, 56 citations were chosen, and divided into various categories. Although data shows that DPN is more prevalent in India than in the United States, the former is largely based on clinic or institution-based data with small sample size and thus cannot be meaningfully compared to large population-based data from the United States.

Therapeutic Potential of Punica granatum and Isolated Compounds: Evidence-Based Advances to Treat Bacterial Infections.

Punica granatum Linn has been known for its nutritional and medicinal value since ancient times and is used in the treatment of various pathologies owing to its antibacterial properties. This review reports the results of the most recent studies on the antibacterial effects of P. granatum and its isolated compounds on bacteria of clinical interest. A search in the PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Science Citation Index Expanded (Web of Science) databases was performed, which included articles that evaluated the antibacterial activity of P. granatum extracts and excluded articles that analyzed other microorganisms or nonpathogenic bacteria, as well as theses, dissertations, duplicate articles, and those not fully available. The literature suggests that P. granatum extracts can act on bacteria, such as methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In addition, fruit peel was the most commonly used pharmacogen and methanol, ethanol, and water were the most common solvents for the extraction of bioactive compounds. The antibacterial potential of the methanolic extract of pomegranate peel could be attributed to the presence of active compounds, such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, punicic acid, gallic acid, and punicalagin. Thus, there is evidence that these plant extracts, having high polyphenol content, can disrupt the bacterial plasma membrane and inhibit the action of proteins related to antimicrobial resistance. P. granatum shows antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with great potential against multidrug-resistant strains. Further research is needed to clarify the mechanism of action related to this biological activity and investigate the isolated substances that may be responsible for the antibacterial effects.

Medical and biological support of elite sports: recovery and rehabilitation measures

Purpose of the study: to analyze the content and systematize the scientific and methodological materials on research in recovery and rehabilitation in the medical and biological support (MBS) of elite sports. Materials and methods. The research included content analysis of literature sources. Articles included in the PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Russian Science Citation Index databases were examined. Total of 97 articles were analyzed, and 44 were selected. Results and discussion. Recovery and rehabilitation in sport includes a set of medical, professional, psychological, and pedagogical measures aimed at the restoration or compensation of impaired body functions and sports performance. Among the existing set of means and methods of rehabilitation used in medical practice in the medical and biological support of sports at the present time, the methods that allow quickly eliminating signs and consequences of physical and psychoemotional tension (stress) observed during sports activities, and restoring psychofunctional state through direct impact on regulatory systems (nervous, humoral, and hormonal systems) of the human body are of particular interest. There are active studies on the use of transcranial methods of electrical and magnetic stimulation, as well as biofeedback, which allow the development of the ability to control one’s psychophysiological functions. The analysis of recovery and rehabilitation methods of local impact on the musculoskeletal system has shown that there are very few developments and studies associated with the use of modern physiotherapy and mechanotherapy equipment adapted for application in sports. The use of natural healing resources for recovery and rehabilitation of the human body is sufficiently studied and substantiated by research conducted over the years. However, there are few studies on the influence of natural healing factors on the functional state of the body and the performance ability of athletes. Conclusion. The study has shown various recovery and rehabilitation technologies with application of total and local impact methods. However, there are gaps regarding a lack of studies on the scientific justification of applying natural healing resources and modern mechanotherapy measures with great possibilities for recovery and rehabilitation of the human body’s functional systems, adapted for use in sports, as well as the absence of a formed system for recovery and rehabilitation of athletes in conditions of training in middle altitude.

Dietary consumption of beef and red meat: a scoping review and evidence map on cognitive outcomes across the lifespan.

Mixed evidence exists on the impact of beef consumption on cognition. The goal was to create an evidence map capturing studies assessing beef consumption and cognition to reveal gaps and opportunities in the body of literature. A scoping review was conducted to locate studies up to March 2022 using PubMed and backwards citation screening. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers with conflict resolution, and a database was created and made publicly available. Intervention and observational studies. Humans of any age, sex and/or health status, without moderate to severe cognitive impairment and/or abnormalities. Twenty-two studies were identified that quantified beef or red meat intake and assessed cognition. Six studies assessed beef intake, with the remaining studies describing intake of red meat that may or may not include beef. Nine articles described randomised controlled trials (RCT), mostly conducted in children. Thirteen described observational studies, primarily conducted on adults and seniors. The most common cognitive domains measured included intelligence and general cognition, and memory. The majority of controlled studies were rated with high risk of bias, with the majority of observational trials rated with serious or greater risk of bias. Red meat and beef intake and cognition is largely understudied. There is a significant lack of replication across study designs, populations, exposures and outcomes measured. The quality of the research would be considerably enhanced by focused assessments of beef intake (and not red meat in general) and specific cognitive domains, along with improved adherence to reporting standards.

Introducing the open biomedical map of science.

This article introduces work in progress to develop a new, open biomedical map of science (OBMS) using the PubMed citation database. The new science map represents bimodal network relationships between journals and medical subject heading (MeSH) descriptors, based on a journal's articles indexed in the MEDLINE component of PubMed. We review the current efforts to use PubMed data in science of science studies and science mapping. As part of the development process, we compare the journals indexed in PubMed with journals included in the 2011 UCSD map of science to establish a baseline of disciplinary coverage of PubMed for the period 2009-2019. Journal article frequency is analyzed to establish the minimum number of citations required by a journal for inclusion in a map of science. A prototype OBMS is presented, and we discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the OBMS, as well as the next steps for using and productizing this new open map for general and free usage.

Endoscopic-Directed Trans-Gastric Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in Patients With Roux-en-Y gastric Bypasses: A Meta-Analysis.

Endoscopic ultrasound-directed trans-gastric retrograde cholangiopancreatography (EDGE) is a new procedure for treating pancreaticobiliary diseases in patients with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). The aim of this meta‑analysis was to determine the overall outcomes and safety of EDGE. We performed a computerized search of the main databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Science Citation Index, through October 2022. The main outcome measures examined in the meta-analysis were technical and clinical success rates and overall adverse event (AE) rate, especially the lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) dislodgement rate. AE rates were assessed according to LAMS size (15 vs. 20mm), number of stages (single vs. two) and access route (gastrogastric vs. jejuno-gastric). Fourteen trials with a total of 574 patients who had undergone 585 EDGE procedures were included in this study. The cumulative technical and clinical success and AE rates were 98%, 94%, and 14%, respectively. The commonest AE was LAMS dislodgement (rate 4%). The overall AE rate was lower in the 20-mm LAMS than in the 15-mm LAMS group (odds ratio [OR]=5.79; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.35 to 14.29). There were no significant differences in AE rate between number of stages (OR=1.36; 95% CI: 0.51 to 3.64) or differing access routes (OR=1.03; 95% CI 0.48 to 2.22). We here provide evidence that EDGE for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography yields good treatment outcomes in patients with RYGBs. The AE rate is significantly lower with 20-mm versus 15-mm LAMS; thus, the former is likely preferable.

Millet research status and prospects for alleviating food insecurity through a text-mining approach

AbstractIn view of the celebration of the ‘International Year of Millets,’ millets are popularizing sustainable agricultural output amid challenging climates and nourishing adequately as food and feed. The extent of scientific intervention is the foundation for designing, promoting and popularizing neglected crops on social platforms. Planning future directions and adaptive strategies largely require regular evaluation of research efforts to identify hotspots and research gaps, as identified in the present study by creating a robust text-mining approach that integrates scientometrics using PubMed citation data. Keyword mining reveals that India and China are the leading publication centres on millets, possibly due to their large proportion of cultivation and indigenous nature. It further reveals that the pearl millet is the predominant one, followed by foxtail and finger millet, suggesting that most research is confined to them only; however, other millets, still have a research gap in comparison. The word abiotic stress is associated with high frequency in millet research due to its adaptive nature amid climate change. Thematic representation explored the novel concept of millet's utility as a probiotic and millet bran to ensure nutrient–cereal properties based on the persistency of keywords throughput research progression; however, incurious consumption is associated with harmful ochratoxin. Bio-concept mining and knowledge graph generation divided the millet research output into four large domains, which provides a largely covered bio-concepts for millet research and co-concurrence of emerging bio-concepts to intense progress and finds an adequate literature gap to improve millet research for sustained growth and equilibrate biodiversity.

The effect of aromatherapy on labor pain, duration of labor, anxiety and Apgar score outcome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives: This study was conducted to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies examining the effect of aromatherapy intervention on labor pain, duration of labor, anxiety and apgar scores in primiparous women. Methods: The literature search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus and Science Citation Index (Web of Science) until February 2023. This study is based on the recommendations of the Cochrane guidelines. The data were analyzed using the Review Manager computer program (Version 5.4). Results: The analysis was completed with 10 studies including 950 primiparous pregnant women. The average pooled results of the studies showed that there was a significant difference in the effect of aromatherapy on labor pain (SMD: -0.68 95% CI: -0.76 to -0.60, Z = 16.32, p < 0.01) and duration (SMD: -0.36 95% CI: -0.47 to -0.25, Z = 6.40, p < 0.00001) in the latent, active, and transition phase. When the mean results of anxiety scores were examined, it was determined that the difference between the groups was significant (SMD: -15.89 95% CI: -16.78 to -14.99, Z = 34.79, p < 0.00001). Conclusions: While the aromatherapy application used in childbirth reduced the duration and pain of the latent transition and active phase of birth, it was found that it reduced the anxiety of the pregnants in the active and transition phase.

The Effect of Psych-education on Fear of Childbirth and Postpartum Outcome: Systematic Review and Meta Analysis

Aim: This systematic review and meta-analysis study aimed to investigate the effects of psychoeducation on fear of childbirth and postpartum outcomes. Methods: Literature search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus and Science Citation Index (Web of Science) until December 2022. This work is based on the recommendations of the Cochrane guidelines. The data were analyzed using the Review Manager computer program (Version 5.3). Results: Eight randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis: all 8 studies were combined for fear of childbirth. In the meta-analysis, it was seen that psychoeducation decreased the fear of birth (MD: 10.18 95% CI: 9.32 to 11.05, Z = 23.09, p < 0.00001) in pregnant women, when the anxiety and depression rate (SMD: -0.36 95% CI: -0.57 to -0.15, Z = 3.34, p=0.0008) were examined, it was seen that there was no difference in depression, it decreased the cesarean section (SMD: -0.35 95% CI: -0.49 to -0.22, Z = 5.19, p<0.00001) rate and increased the self-efficacy (SMD: 0.38 95% CI:0.25 to 0.51, Z =5.58 p <0.00001) rate. Conclusion: This study provides sufficient evidence that psychoeducation is effective in reducing fear of childbirth, anxiety, and cesarean section rates, while increasing self-efficacy.