Cissus Research Articles

Chemical constituents and cytotoxic activities of Cissus javana from Myanmar

Chemical constituents and cytotoxic activities of Cissus javana from Myanmar

Nutritional evaluation of wild plant Cissus rotundifolia

this study aimed to evaluate the nutritional and antinutritional components of Cissus rotundifolia leaves. they contain an appreciable amount of protein (12.5% db ), fat (7.45% db ), crude fiber (8.34 % db ) and minerals (16.32% db ). the protein fraction contains a relatively high level of essential amino acids, which accounted for 44.3% of the total amino acids. the fat contains a high concentration of unsaturated fatty acids that comprises 55.1% of total fatty acids. the mineral profile is composed of macro- and microelements. the antinutritional factors oxalate, phytate, tannins and cyanogenic glycosides are present at very low concentrations. Cissus rotundifolia leaves can be considered a potential source of nutritional components for healthy food purposes.

Screening of phyto-chemical constituents, trace metals and antimicrobial efficiency of Cissus vitiginea

The present study focused on the phytochemical constituents, antimicrobial activity and trace metal concentrations of the Cissus vitiginea plant leaves which were collected from the Tiruchirappalli district, southern India. Preliminary phytochemical screening of leaves extracts revealed the presence of the bioactive compounds, such as steroids, triterpenoids, glycosides, sugar, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, amino acid, and coumarin in the leaves. The bacterial and fungal strains were tested for antimicrobial sensitivity against C. vitiginea using the disc diffusion method. The methanol extracts of the plant leaves exhibited the higher zone of inhibition against bacterial strains than fungal strains. The trace metal concentrations were analyzed form the powered plant leaves by 797 VA Computrace voltametry, Metrohm. The average concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn were 0.05, BDL, 018, 0.38, BDL, BDL and 0.48 mg kg -1 , respectively. The bioactive compounds responsible for these antimicrobial activities could be isolated and identified to develop a new drug of pharmaceutical interest.

Characterization of starch extracted from the roots of Cissus simsiana Roem. & Schult

O objetivo do presente estudo foi estudar a caracterização do amido extraído das raízes da Cissus simsiana Roem. & Schult. A extração do amido foi por via úmida e por decantação, calculando-se seu rendimento. Do amido isolado foram estudados sua composição química, morfologia e distribuição de tamanho dos grânulos, difração de raios-X, espectros no infravermelho médio, poder de inchamento e solubilidade, propriedades de pasta e térmicas, claridade e sinerese. O rendimento de amido, com base na presença de amido na raiz, que pode ser isolado, foi de 13,68% com 3,12 10-3 mg/g de carotenóides. Os grânulos de amido são predominantemente elipsoidais com 50-60 mm de comprimento e 20-30 mm de largura. Exibiram padrão de difração de raios-X tipo B, com 41,2% de cristalinidade, teor de amilose aparente de 26,2% e espectros de infravermelho médio semelhante de outros amidos de raízes. As temperaturas de pico de gelatinização inicial e final foram 64,2 e 68,56°C, respectivamente, e a entalpia de gelatinização foi de 19,2 J/g. O perfil de viscosidade aparente foi semelhante àquele do amido de mandioca, porém, com maior pico de viscosidade (6500 cP), menor tendência à retrogradação (600 cP) e com géis menos claros mostrando sinerese. Cissus simsiana raízes tem uso potencial para a produção de amido e há espaço para aumentar o seu rendimento. Cissus simsiana amidos tem um grânulo de tamanho médio de fécula de batata com clara tipo B padrão de difração de raios-X, típico de tubérculos com arranjo de cadeias moleculares diferentes de amidos de cereais. Cissus simsiana amidos tinham temperaturas e entalpias de gelatinização semelhantes a mandioca e outros amidos isolados a partir de fontes não-convencionais, que podem ser interessantes para a possível utilização como uma alternativa tecnológica em algumas aplicações industriais.

<i>Invitro</i> Antibacterial Screening of Extracts from Selected Ethiopian Medicinal Plants

Indigenous knowledge, literature reports and ethnobotanical records suggest that plants are the basis for medicines. They constitute natural source of antimicrobial drugs that will provide novel or lead compounds for the fight against disease. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of three selected Ethiopian medicinal plants was studied with the objective of screening their antibacterial activity. The fruits of Measalanceolata , aerial part of Ci ssus quadrangularis and leaf of Dodonae angustifolia were collected, air dried under shed, powdered and soaked in 80% methanol and extracted. In vitro antibacterial activity of the extracts was tested at different concentrations by using agar disc diffusion method and measuring the zone of inhibition. The plant extracts showed broad spectrum activity against gram positive ( S. aureus ) as well as gram negative ( E. coli ) bacteria, except Cissus quadrangularis which did not show any activity against E. coli . Furthermore, the plant extracts had also concentration dependant zone of inhibition against the tested bacteria. In fact, the highest activity was obtained for Dodonae angustifolia at 1000mg/ml against S. aureus . The activities are attributed to the presence of some secondary metabolites present in the tested plants which have been associated with antibacterial activities. This finding suggests that these medicinal plants can be potential source to isolate antibacterial drugs. Keywords : Antibacterial activity, Disc diffusion, E. coli , Plant extract and S. aureus.

Antiosteoporotic effect of sequential extracts and freezedried juice of Cissus quadrangularis L. in ovariectomized mice

Background: Osteoporosis becomes a major health problem in aging populations, and this disease increases the risk of bone fractures, leading to disability and mortality. Cissus quadrangularis L. (CQ) has been reported to have beneficial effects on bone metabolism; however, there has been no investigation to identify the active compounds responsible for this activity. Objective: Sequential extracts (hexane, dichloromethane, ethanol, and water) and freeze-dried CQ juice were investigated to determine their effects on bone metabolism in an ovariectomized (ovx) mouse model. Methods: Six-week-old ICR mice were divided into eight groups: sham-operated, ovx-control, estradiol (E2)- treated and five CQ-treated ovx-mouse groups (n = 3). The CQ extracts were orally administered at a dose equivalent to 5g of crude powder/kg/day for 8 weeks. Bone mineral densities (BMD) of the femur and tibia, serum levels of osteocalcin (bone formation marker) and TRAP5b (bone resorption marker), and histomorphological change of lumbar spine were determined at the end of the experiment. Results: The BMD of the femur and tibia in the hexane-treated group were elevated to the same level as those of sham-operated group. This BMDs correlated with restoration of the trabecular bone of the lumbar spine, which was only observed in the hexane-treated group. These results were also supported by the lowest serum levels of osteocalcin and TRAP5b observed in this group, compared to the ovx-control and E2-treated groups, representing a decrease in the bone turnover rate. Neither signs of abnormality nor pathological changes of internal organs were observed after the experiment. Conclusion: The hexane extract possessed antiosteoporotic activity in ovariectomized mice without any toxicity throughout the experiment. Therefore, the hexane extract is the most interesting for further bioassay-guided purification of pharmacologically active compounds. Keywords: Bone mineral density, medicinal plant, osteocalcin, osteoporosis, TRAP5b, Vitaceae

A review on phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of Cissus quadrangularis L.

Cissus quadrangularis L. (Vitaceae) is a common perennial climber, which is distributed throughout Bangladesh. Though almost all of its parts are used in traditional systems of medicines seeds, stem, roots and shoots are the most important parts which are used medicinally. The article reveals that wide numbers of phytochemical constituents have been isolated from the plant which possesses activities like anti‑inflammatory, anti‑tumor, gastro‑protective, antioxidant, antimicrobial and various other important medicinal properties. The stem juice of plant is used in menstrual disorders, epistaxis and leaves is used against bowel infections. For the last few decades or so, extensive research work has been done to prove its biological activities and pharmacology of its extracts. The current review deals with the enormous amount of updated information of scientific research and reports available in different aspects of this plant involving phytochemical and pharmacology. This review also includes reports on taxonomy, morphology, monographs, distribution, tissue culture and traditional medicinal uses of the plant. Key words: Cissus quadrangularis, phytochemical constituents, pharmacological activity, traditional uses

Study on the performance enhancement of lime mortar used in ancient temples and monuments in India

Lime is arguably the world first true green and versatile building material. The traditional lime binder offers greater durability but less strong compared to cement. The objective of the study is to improve the strength parameters of lime using traditional herbs. Lime mortar prisms (mix proportion: 1:2 i.e., one part of lime to 2 parts of sand) were cast after 15 days of fermentation with traditional herbal extract [aqueous extract of oonjalvalli ( Cissus glauca Roxb.), pananchikaai ( Cochlospermum religiosum ), kulamavu ( Persea macrantha ), gallnut ( Terminalia chebula ) and palm jaggery (from Borassus flabellifer )] and tested for its Flexure, Tension and Compressive strengths. The lime mortar prism fermented with plain water was used as control. The transverse strength of herbal lime mortar (5% herbs) is 1.6 times greater than lime mortar fermented with plain water. Besides, there was an increase in the tensile strength by three folds, due to elastic nature of herbal lime mortar. The compressive strength is greatly enhanced up to 2.5 times on the addition of 5% herbs. This may be due to the fact that herbal extract enhanced the density of lime mortar by bringing the particles of lime mortar closer to each other, thereby producing a more compact mass. Traditional structures built with lime mortar, which are more than 4,000 years old like Mohanjo-Daro is still a heritage monument of Indian civilization. It is more appropriate to blend the traditional concept with modern structures. The present work may also help in reviving ancient monuments.

Using DNA markers and barcoding to solve the common problem of identifying dried medicinal plants with the examples of Smilax and Cissus in Thailand

Medicinal herbs called Khao-Yen Nuer and Khao-Yen Tai in Thai traditional medicines have been used as common ingredients in several preparations. They were claimed to be Smilax china or Smilax glabra. In order to identify the dried medicines, fresh samples of S. chinaand S. glabra were collected. Another two fresh samples with the same local names were also collected from Chiang Mai province, and were later morphologically identified asCissus repens. These samples served as reference standards for the other dried samples. Nine dried samples of the two herbs were randomly collected from pharmacies in the provinces of Thailand. DNA barcodes by trnH-psbA spacer region show great variations in banding sizes as DNA markers and genetic distances (D) from sequences. The D values in same, and different species ranged from 0 to 12.9%, and 23.2 to 32.3%, respectively. Based on the D values, four dried samples were identified as S. china and S. glabra while the other five dried samples are of the same unknown species and are used as Khao-Yen Nuer and Khao-Yen Tai in different provinces and parts of Thailand. The trnH-psbA spacer region is an efficient barcode and marker identifying the studied plant group. Aside from reaching success in the research aims, the results have led us to an accidental discovery. One of the more important practices of traditional healers is to use C. repens and other unknown plant alternatives with S. china or S. glabra to create the traditional medicine called Khao-Yen Nuer and Khao-Yen Tai. Key words: Cissus repens, DNA barcode, medicinal plant discovery, Smilax china, Smilax glabra, trnH-psbA

Is the genus Cissus (Vitaceae) monophyletic? Evidence from plastid and nuclear ribosomal DNA

The trnL (UAA) intron and ITS1 region were sequenced to investigate relationships among the five genera of Vitaceae present in Australia relative to Vitis. Congruent results were obtained between separate and combined data sets, with all major clades being shared among trees. All bootstrap consensus trees obtained from single sequences or combined analysis strongly suggest that Cissus is polyphyletic, corroborating the morphological inconsistencies reported previously. Cissus opaca and Clematicissus angustissima consistently grouped in a common clade. A further four taxa (C. antarctica, C. hypoglauca, C. oblonga, and C. sterculiifolia) also grouped within a clade disjunct from the main Cissus clade. Our results suggest that these five species currently classified as Cissus should be segregated from the genus. Of further interest is the close relationship between Cayratia and Tetrastigma. Overall, the results presented provide new insights into the relationships within a number of Vitaceae genera and suggest directions for future studies.

Evaluation of anti-nociceptive activity of Cissus quadrangularis on albino mice

Th roughout the history, man has used several forms of therapy for relief of pain; among them, medicinal herbs have gained popularity because of its wide use and less side eff ects. Cissus quadrangularis, for example, is a commonly used folklore medicine in India to hasten the fracture healing process; in Cameroon, the whole plant is used for the treatment of oral dehydration, while in Africa and Asia, the leaves, stems and roots are utilized for the treatment of various ailments. Th e plant extract were prepared by using chloroform and distilled water in proportion (20:80), macerated for 72 h with occasional stirring and concentrated under dry vacuum. Th e extract of Cissus quadrangularis was examined for centrally acting analgesics by using the hot plate method, formalin test and acetic acidinduced writhing method for peripherally acting analgesics. Th e doses administered were 250 mg/kg and 350 mg/kg. Th e animal that administered both the doses showed signifi cant analgesic activity. Th e animal that administered a dose of 350 mg/kg has shown the maximum analgesic activity which is comparable to the standard. Key words: Analgesic, Cissus quadrangularis, formalin, writhing

Contribution à l'étude des Vitacées d'Amérique tropicale. II—Cissus haematanthaMiq.

Summary Detailed description and iconography of a misunderstood species, Cissus haematantha Miquel; taxonomical discussion.

Notes on Vitaceae in India and Some Neigbhouring Regions

Two new species, Ampelocissus wightiana Shetty & P. Singh and Cissus arnottiana Shetty & P. Singh from India, discovered during investigation of the nomenclature and identity of Ampelocissus erioclada sensu Planchon and Cissus pallida sensu Planchon, are described. Three new combinations, viz. Cissus elongata Roxb. subsp. littoralis (Talbot) Shetty & P. Singh, Cyphostemma megabotrys (Collett & Hemsley) Shetty and Tetrastigma nilagiricum (Miq.) Shetty are made. Cissus thwaitesii Planchon is considered conspecific with Cissus heyneana Planchon. The nomenclature of Cayratia roxburghii (Planchon) Gagnepain is discussed.

Pallidol, a resveratrol dimer from Cissus pallida

Pallidol, a new 3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene dimer, isolated from the stemwood of Cissus pallida is assigned the structure 5,11- p-hydroxyphenyl-2,4,8,10-tetrahydroxydibenzo[a,e]tetrahydropentalene on the basis of spectral evidence.

Constituents of the Leaves of Cissus rheifolia

Constituents of the Leaves of Cissus rheifolia