Abstract
Indigenous knowledge, literature reports and ethnobotanical records suggest that plants are the basis for medicines. They constitute natural source of antimicrobial drugs that will provide novel or lead compounds for the fight against disease. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of three selected Ethiopian medicinal plants was studied with the objective of screening their antibacterial activity. The fruits of Measalanceolata , aerial part of Ci ssus quadrangularis and leaf of Dodonae angustifolia were collected, air dried under shed, powdered and soaked in 80% methanol and extracted. In vitro antibacterial activity of the extracts was tested at different concentrations by using agar disc diffusion method and measuring the zone of inhibition. The plant extracts showed broad spectrum activity against gram positive ( S. aureus ) as well as gram negative ( E. coli ) bacteria, except Cissus quadrangularis which did not show any activity against E. coli . Furthermore, the plant extracts had also concentration dependant zone of inhibition against the tested bacteria. In fact, the highest activity was obtained for Dodonae angustifolia at 1000mg/ml against S. aureus . The activities are attributed to the presence of some secondary metabolites present in the tested plants which have been associated with antibacterial activities. This finding suggests that these medicinal plants can be potential source to isolate antibacterial drugs. Keywords : Antibacterial activity, Disc diffusion, E. coli , Plant extract and S. aureus.
Highlights
Despite tremendous progress in veterinary medicine, infectious diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites are still a major threat to human and animal health
Initial screening of plants for possible antibacterial activity typically began by crude extracts obtained using 80% (v/v) methanol in water
The result of this study showed that Measa lanceolata, Cissus quadrangularis and Dodonae angustifolia extracts showed varied antibacterial activity against the tested organisms, except for Cissus quadrangularis that showed no activity against E.coli (Table 3)
Summary
Despite tremendous progress in veterinary medicine, infectious diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites are still a major threat to human and animal health. Dodonae angustifolia local name “Kitkita/taheses (Sapindaceae)” is a small tree or shrub, commonly 2-8 m high, widely distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics (Friis, 1992) This plant hasa wide range of therapeutic applications including botanical pesticides (Ghosh and Ulaganathan, 2004), analgesic and antipyretic (Amabeoku et al, 2001), antiretroviral (Asrès et al, 2006) and antimalarial activities (Simonsen et al, 2001). Literature reports and ethnobotanical records suggest that plants are the basis for modern drugs in pharmaceutical industry They constitute natural source of antimicrobial drugs that will provide novel or lead compounds that may be employed globally (Akinpelu and Onakoya, 2006).The objective of this study is to screen antibacterial activity of the claimed medicinal plants by measuring their zone of inhibition against the tested bacteria
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