Cisgender Respondents Research Articles

'GP services are still heteronormative': Sexual minority cisgender women's experiences of UK menopause healthcare - Health equity implications.

This article reports on UK sexual minority cisgender women's experiences of menopause health and healthcare, based on a data subset from a study exploring lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBTQ+) menopause. An online survey was conducted with UK LGBTQ + individuals who went through/are going through the menopause. Quantitative data were analysed using simple descriptive statistics. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis. Cisgender respondents comprised 51 lesbian, gay, bisexual, pansexual, queer, and 'other' women, aged between 17 and 89 years. They reported similar types and levels of menopause symptoms as heterosexual cisgender women in other studies, apart from higher levels of anxiety and depression, especially bisexual women. Dissatisfaction regarding menopause healthcare services related to access, information, and heteronormative/heterosexist provision. Healthcare providers must ensure they provide inclusive menopause services to sexual minority cisgender women.

Health Status and Mental Health of Transgender and Gender-Diverse Adults

This cross-sectional study examines self-reported poor or fair health status, frequent mental distress, and depression among transgender and gender-diverse respondents compared with cisgender respondents to the 2014 to 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

Socioenvironmental, Stigma, Risk, and Protective Factors Associated With the Health of Latino LGBTQ+ Dementia Caregivers

AbstractBackgroundCompared with caregivers of individuals with other chronic conditions, dementia caregivers experience worse emotional and physical health and are twice as likely to say their health has declined due to caregiving. Both Latino and LGBTQ+ populations are underrepresented in dementia caregiving research, though both populations report a higher prevalence of informal caregiving compared with their non‐Latino White and non‐LGBTQ+ counterparts. We aimed to examine associations between socioenvironmental, stigma, risk, and protective factors and global health among Latino LGBTQ+ caregivers of people with dementia.MethodData came from a cross‐sectional online survey using a non‐probabilistic sample of English‐proficient, Latino LGBTQ+ dementia caregivers recruited via social media (n = 103). We examined associations using bivariate analyses.ResultLatino bisexual respondents reported better global health than Latino gay and lesbian respondents. Females had better health than males and transgender respondents reported poorer health than cisgender respondents. Millennials had worse health than Generation X respondents. There were positive associations between global health and months providing care, lifetime discrimination, day‐to‐day discrimination, lifetime victimization, and microaggressions and negative associations between self‐efficacy for surrogate decision making and family quality of life. Respondents providing care to a spouse (versus a parent, another relative, or friend), those living with their care recipient, those who had been asked by a provider whether they needed help caring for themselves or their care recipient, and respondents who had requested information about financial help for their care recipient had better health. Respondents whose care recipients had advanced directives had poorer health than those who did not.ConclusionSeveral socioenvironmental, stigma, risk, and protective factors were associated with the global health of Latino LGBTQ+ dementia caregivers. Latino LGBTQ+ dementia caregivers may be exhibiting signs of resiliency, for example when it comes to discrimination and caregiving demand, and seeking help may be important for their health. Some associations may be confounded by other factors and more research is needed to understand the pathways by which these factors ultimately influence the health of Latino LGBTQ+ dementia caregivers.

Experiences of LGBTQ + Plastic Surgeons in the US and Canada

Background: The LGBTQ + community faces discrimination within the workplace, with growing evidence emerging about the mistreatment of LGBTQ + surgeon trainees. The purpose of this study was to better understand the experiences of LGBTQ + surgeons in plastic and reconstructive surgery (PRS). Methods: A web-based survey was made available to all plastic surgeons who identified as LGBTQ + across the US and Canada from October 2021 to November 2022. The questionnaire used validated tools assessing “outness” and microaggressions, as well as rates of censorship of speech and/or mannerisms and experiences of discrimination. Outcomes were measured as frequencies and analyzed as a function of location (US vs Canada), gender identity (transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) versus cisgender), and level of training (attending vs in-training). Qualitative responses were also recorded. Results: A total of 43 self-identified LGBTQ + individuals engaged with the survey, 38 of which completed it (88%). Nearly all (96.8%) reported experiencing heteronormative microaggressions, 36.7% reported discrimination from plastic surgery attendings, and 73.3% censor themselves around Plastic Surgery attendings. TGD respondents were more likely to have experienced discrimination than cisgender respondents ( P < .01). One-third (33%) of respondents indicated that they hesitate to be out at their institution for fear of bias and/or discrimination. Conclusion: LGBTQ + plastic and reconstructive surgeons reported a significant amount of microaggressions, self-censorship, and discrimination while at work, and these experiences varied as a function of level of training and gender identity. PRS should strive to eliminate these mistreatments, educate its workforce, and address LGBTQ + underrepresentation within the field.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and mental health by gender identity in the United States, 2019–2021

ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and their association with mental health outcomes in adulthood by gender identity. MethodsData come from 2019 to 2021 US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, among 17 states collecting gender identity and ACEs. We estimated the prevalence of ACEs and used Poisson family regression to estimate the association between ACEs and mental health stratified by gender identity. Mental health was assessed as current frequent mental distress and lifetime depression diagnosis. ResultsThe sample included n = 141,615 adults, 556 of whom identified as gender minority (including transgender or gender non-binary). Gender minority respondents were 18% more likely [95% CI 8% to 29%, p < 0.01] to be exposed to 3 or more ACEs relative to cisgender respondents. Among respondents exposed to 3 or more ACEs, gender minority adults were 25% [95% CI 10% to 43%, p < 0.01] more likely to report current frequent mental distress and 26% [95% CI 14% to 40%, p < 0.01] more likely to report a lifetime depression diagnosis than their cisgender peers. ConclusionUsing population-level data, we identified higher prevalence of ACEs among gender minority adults than cisgender adults, and greater associations of ACEs and adverse mental health in adulthood. The prevalence of current and lifetime adverse mental health outcomes increased with higher levels of ACE exposure among cisgender and gender minority respondents. Action by stakeholders at the community, health system, and legislative levels are needed to improve gender minority population health.

Sexual orientation in transgender adults in the United States

BackgroundSexual orientation refers to a person’s enduring emotional, romantic, or sexual attractions to other people. Sexual orientation measures do not typically consider desires for, or sexual behavior with, transgender people. We describe measures inclusive of transgender people and characterize sexual orientation identity, behavior, and attraction in a representative sample of the U.S. transgender population.MethodsBetween April 2016-December 2018, a U.S. national probability sample of transgender (n = 274) and cisgender (n = 1,162) adults were invited to complete a self-administered web or mailed paper survey. We assessed sexual identity with updated response options inclusive of recent identity terms (e.g., queer), and revised sexual behavior and attraction measures that included transgender people. Multiple response options were allowed for sexual behavior and attraction. Weighted descriptive statistics and sexual orientation differences by gender identity groups were estimated using age-adjusted comparisons.ResultsCompared to the cisgender population, the transgender population was more likely to identify as a sexual minority and have heterogeneity in sexual orientation, behavior, and attraction. In the transgender population, the most frequently endorsed sexual orientation identities were “bisexual” (18.9%), “queer” (18.1%), and “straight” (17.6%). Sexually active transgender respondents reported diverse partners in the prior 5 years: 52.6% cisgender women (CW), 42.7% cisgender men (CM), 16.9% transgender women (TW), and 19.5% transgender men (TM); 27.7% did not have sex in the past 5 years. Overall, 73.6% were “somewhat”/ “very” attracted to CW, 58.3% CM, 56.8% TW, 52.4% TM, 59.9% genderqueer/nonbinary-females-at-birth, 51.9% genderqueer/nonbinary-males-at-birth. Sexual orientation identity, behavior, and attraction significantly differed by gender identity for TW, TM, and nonbinary participants (all p < 0.05).ConclusionsInclusive measures of sexual orientation captured diverse sexual identities, partner genders, and desires. Future research is needed to cognitively test and validate these measures, especially with cisgender respondents, and to assess the relation of sexual orientation and health for transgender people.

Experiences of the Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming Community in the University Setting

Background: Transgender and gender non-conforming individuals face daily challenges in higher education due to a lack of gender-inclusive resources. This shortcoming is rooted in the minimal knowledge about what barriers affect this population. Aims: The aims of this study were to identify fitness-related barriers faced by the transgender community in higher education and emphasize the need to develop fitness standards for the transgender population to reduce those barriers in higher education. Methods: Participants completed one or both aspects of this study. A survey was sent to students to gather information about experiences in fitness at a university and how it relates to their gender. Several of the survey respondents then agreed to participate in a series of fitness assessments to evaluate muscular strength, endurance, and body composition. Results: Seventy-nine students responded to the survey (n = 68 cisgender females, n = 5 cisgender males, n = 2, non-binary, n = 4 transgender males). Proportionally, more transgender and non-binary people (84%) felt that gendered fitness standards did not apply to them when compared to cisgender people (31%). Further, more transgender and non-binary respondents (50%) reported that they were not comfortable working out in all areas of their gym when compared to the cisgender respondents (37%). Twenty-eight students participated in the fitness assessment. The BOD POD assessment of body composition utilizes gender to calculate body fat percentage. When using both male and female classifications, results were not different, meaning the estimated body fat percentage was calculated as the same despite a different gender in the calculation. Conclusions: This study begins to identify fitness-related barriers faced by the transgender community in higher education. Additionally, these small-scale results provide a starting point for future research on developing gender-neutral fitness standards.

The measurement of gender expression in survey research

Previous research on the survey measurement of sexual orientation, gender identity, and gender expression (SOGIE) often focuses on the measurement of identity, with comparably little research focused on gender expression as a key feature of how gender is lived and experienced. This study examines the reliability and validity of survey questions about gender expression in a 2-by-5-by-2 factorial experiment that varies the question order, type of response scale, and the order of gender presentation in the response scale.The results indicate that the effect of which (side of the) scale is presented first on gender expression varies by gender for each of the unipolar items and one of the bipolar items (behavior). In addition, the unipolar items also show distinctions among the gender minority population in ratings of gender expression as well as more nuance with respect to concurrent validity in predicting health outcomes among cisgender respondents. The results of this study have implications for researchers who are interested in accounting for gender holistically in survey and health disparities research.

Morphometric Analysis of Gender-affirming Breast Augmentation.

Patients diagnosed with gender dysphoria were sent a survey with morphed breast images of four different upper-to-lower pole ratios: 35:65, 45:55, 50:50, and 55:45. Respondents ranked the images according to aesthetic preference. Rankings were analyzed by the Condorcet method. 298 survey responses were analyzed: 197 (66.1%) respondents identified as transgender women and 31 (10.4%) as transgender men. Most respondents were younger than 40 (64.8%). Eighty-one (27.2%) had undergone breast augmentation, 136 (45.6%) had not and were not considering it, and 81 (27.2%) had not but were considering it. Across all subgroups, the most preferred ratio was 45:55 (P = 0.046). Those with more masculine genders and assigned female at birth preferred the 45:55 and 50:50 ratios equally. Those in their 30's and younger preferred the 45:55 and 50:50 ratios equally. The 45:55 ratio, established as the most preferred morphometrics for breast augmentation by cisgender respondents, is also the most aesthetically preferred proportion among transgender patients. Interestingly, the 50:50 ratio, which projects a larger upper bust compared to the 45:55 ratio, may be equally or more appealing to younger patients and those with more masculine genders. We hope these results improve patient-physician shared decision-making and postoperative expectations.

Violence against transgender people in the United States: Field growth, data dilemmas, and knowledge gaps

AbstractViolence against transgender people is a prevalent but understudied form of gender‐based violence. In recent years, this body of literature has expanded substantially. However, analysis of violence experienced by transgender people has been hampered by a shortage of good data. This article explores those data dilemmas and details what is and is not currently known about violence against transgender people in the United States. National surveys with sample sizes large enough to facilitate comparisons between transgender and cisgender respondents as well as attend to diversity with the category of transgender tend to not ask questions that count transgender respondents. Moreover, when they do, surveys often do not follow established best practices. Additionally, qualitative research on this topic is underfunded, resulting in small sample sizes with similar constraints. Therefore, although there is increased knowledge around rates of violence for transgender versus cisgender people, differences in risk related to gender and race, and intimate partner and sexual violence, this knowledge is flawed and does not cover the range of violence that transgender people experience. To better address this topic, data collection and analysis must be improved and scholars should attend to ways to prevent violence against transgender people.

Incidence, Nature, and Consequences of Oncologists' Experiences With Sexual Harassment.

PURPOSEThe incidence and impact of workplace sexual harassment (SH) of oncologists requires rigorous characterization.METHODSOncologists identified by ASCO's Research Survey Pool and social media outreach completed validated measures of SH (encompassing gender harassment, unwanted sexual attention, and sexual coercion) and four outcomes (mental health, job satisfaction, turnover intentions, and sense of workplace safety) over the previous year. Multivariable regression models assess the impact of SH on the four outcomes.RESULTSOf 271 cisgender respondents (153 women and 118 men), 189 (70%) experienced SH in the past year alone by peers and/or superiors (80% of women v 56% of men, P < .0001). Specifically, 186 (69%) experienced gender harassment (79% of women, 55% of men, P < .0001), 45 (17%) unwanted sexual attention (22% of women, 9% of men, P = .005), and 7 (3%) sexual coercion (3% of women, 2% of men, P = .42). SH by patients and/or families in the past year was experienced by 143 (53% overall: 67% of women, 35% of men, P < .0001). Specifically, 141 (52%) experienced gender harassment (66% of women, 34% of men, P < .0001), 15 (6%) unwanted sexual attention (5% of women, 6% of men, P = .80), and 3 (1%) sexual coercion (1% of women, 1% of men, P = .72). Multivariable analysis showed that past-year SH by peers and/or superiors was significantly associated with decreased mental health (β = –0.45, P = .004), sense of workplace safety (β = –0.98, P < .001), and job satisfaction (β = –0.69, P = .001), along with increased turnover intentions (β = 0.93, P < .0001). Past-year SH by patients and/or families was significantly associated with decreased mental health (β = –0.41, P = .002), sense of workplace safety (β = –0.42, P = .014), and increased turnover intentions (β = 0.58, P = .0004). There were no significant interactions between the respondents' gender and the SH scores in any of the four outcome models, signifying no difference in impact between men and women oncologists.CONCLUSIONThis study using validated measures of SH to systematically characterize oncologists' workplace experience demonstrates substantial incidence of SH in the previous one year alone and its impact on men and women oncologists, informing the need for and design of effective protective and preventive measures.

Barriers and Facilitators to Participation in Long-Acting Injectable PrEP Research Trials for MSM, Transgender Women, and Gender-Nonconforming People of Color.

We collected 216 responses from sexually active MSM, transgender women, and gender-nonconforming (GNC) people of color through a web-based survey to understand the facilitators and barriers to research participation in a hypothetical LAI PrEP trial. In adjusted models, these items were found to be significantly associated with research participation likelihood: ever participated in HIV research study; comfort with taking daily pill; comfort with providing urine sample; and concerns over potential side effects of shot. Asian participants were more concerned about others knowing they were being recruited than were Black and Latinx respondents F(2, 216) = 3.98; p < .05. Asian respondents were also less comfortable with being recruited at organizations serving communities of color than Black and Latinx respondents, F(2, 216) = 5.10; p < .05. Cisgender respondents were more comfortable with being recruited by a friend or colleague than were transgender/GNC respondents, F(1, 215) = 4.8; p < .05.

Political Distinctiveness and Diversity Among LGBT Americans

AbstractAt least partly due to data limitations, academic analyses of public opinion rarely acknowledge lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) identities. Our models of political attitudes almost always overlook respondents’ sexual orientation and gender identities, and targeted research on the views of LGBT people is uncommon. This omission has obscured both the distinctiveness of LGBT Americans and the diversity within the group. Using recent large-N surveys, this article shows that LGBT Americans are distinctively liberal compared to otherwise similar straight and cisgender respondents—in their general political predispositions, electoral choices, and attitudes on a wide range of policy matters. At the same time, there is substantial diversity within the community—bisexual and transgender respondents are frequently less liberal than lesbians and gay men. Analysis of intersecting identities reveals substantial differences between bisexual men and bisexual women, but little evidence of diversity based on gender within lesbian/gay and transgender subgroups. Given these findings, public opinion scholars should routinely incorporate measures of LGBT identities in their analyses, alongside race, gender, class, and other politically salient respondent characteristics.

Vaping identity in adolescent e-cigarette users: A comparison of norms, attitudes, and behaviors

IntroductionUsing the tenets underlying social identity theory and the theory of planned behavior, the current study compared the perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors of e-cigarette users that reported vaping as self-defining (“vapers”) compared to users that denied vaping was central to their identity ("non-vapers"). MethodSecondary analyses of data from the 2017–2018 California Student Tobacco Survey were utilized. A weighted, multivariable regression model (N = 82,217) compared the demographic characteristics, beliefs, and behaviors of vapers and non-vapers. A path analytic model examined whether norms and attitudes mediated the relationship between vaper identity and use behavior. ResultsSelf-identified sexual and/or gender minority youth were more likely to identify as vapers compared to heterosexual and cisgender respondents. Youth that identified as vapers viewed e-cigarette use as more normative, held more favorable attitudes (i.e., lower harm beliefs), used e-cigarettes more frequently and in greater quantities, were more likely to use fruit and mint flavored e-cigarettes, and were more likely to acquire e-cigarettes from commercial sellers (i.e., vape/tobacco shops; all p < 0.05). Additionally, descriptive norms and attitudes mediated the relationship between vaper identity and use frequency/quantity. ConclusionsDifferences in e-cigarette beliefs and behaviors were found for youth e-cigarette users that perceived vaping as self-defining versus those that did not view vaping as part of their self-concept. Future studies are needed to examine causal directionality between identity, norms, attitudes, and behavior. Tobacco control efforts might use these findings to further denormalize vaping using evidence-based media campaigns and policy implementation.

Demographics and health outcomes in a U.S. probability sample of transgender parents.

Nonrepresentative estimates indicate that 25%-50% of transgender people are parents. Yet very little is known about their demographic characteristics and health outcomes. The present study compared the quality of life and several mental health (i.e., psychological distress, life satisfaction, happiness, social well-being) and health (i.e., physical health, alcohol and drug use) dimensions by gender identity and parenthood status in a probability sample of 1,436 transgender and cisgender respondents to the U.S. Transgender Population Health Survey (TransPop study). An estimated 18.8% of transgender respondents were parents, with the majority (52.5%) being transgender women. After controlling for age, education, and relationship status, there were no significant differences between trans- and cisgender parents and their nonparent counterparts on any mental health or health dimensions. These findings are important to family practitioners and policymakers so that they do not mistakenly assume that any problems transgender parents may report reveal their unsuitability to parent. Rather, because differences in health outcomes were seen only across gender identities, such problems are more likely related to stigma and discrimination experiences in a cisgenderist/heterosexist society. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Appointment of a Healthcare Power of Attorney Among Older Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ) Adults in the Southern United States.

The Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ) older adult population may have a heightened need of medical and supportive care while aging. This makes appointment of a healthcare power of attorney (HCPoA) an essential component of end-of-life care to ensure patients' wishes are honored at the end of their lives. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and preferences for HCPoA appointment among older LGBTQ adults living in the Southern United States. An online survey was distributed to older LGBTQ adults living in the Southern US regarding appointment of a HCPoA between January-March 2018. The survey was completed by 789 older LGBTQ adults from North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Florida in January-March 2018. Overall, 61.6% of respondents had appointed a HCPoA. Respondents with an appointed HCPoA were more likely to be married (aOR = 5.04, p < .001), have larger social networks (aOR = 3.87, p < .001) and be older (aOR = 1.07, p < .001). Gender diverse respondents were less likely to have an appointed HCPoA relative to cisgender respondents (aOR = 0.39, p = .04). Overall, the majority of respondents indicated a spouse or significant other served as their HCPoA (n = 311, 64.5%). Nearly 40% of older LGBTQ adults in the Southern US did not have an appointed HCPoA. Specifically, those who were more socially isolated, single, or who identified as transgender or gender non-binary were less likely to have an appointed HCPoA. These people may benefit from targeted outreach regarding advance care planning.

Suicidality, self-harm, and their correlates among transgender and cisgender people living in Aotearoa/New Zealand or Australia

BackgroundTransgender people experience high rates of suicidality and self-harm. Past research has established a range of correlates of suicidality/self-harm among transgender people but little is known about whether these correlates are similar for transgender and cisgender people.AimsThe aim of this study was to test whether a range of potential demographic and psychosocial correlates of suicidality/self-harm hold for both transgender and cisgender people living in Aotearoa/New Zealand and Australia.MethodsAn online survey was completed by 700 adults living in Aotearoa/New Zealand (n = 328) or Australia (n = 372). Targeted advertising was used to recruit transgender respondents (n = 392) and cisgender respondents (n = 308). Participants completed questions about demographics, discrimination (the Everyday Discrimination Scale), distress (the Kessler-10 scale), social support (the Multi-Dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support), resilience (the Brief Resilience Scale), suicidality (the Suicidal Ideation Attributes Scale and other questions about ideation/attempts), and self-harm (the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory).ResultsLifetime suicidal ideation, lifetime suicide attempts, and lifetime self-harm were more common among transgender participants. Discrimination was associated with lifetime suicide attempts and lifetime self-harm, particularly for transgender participants. Distress was consistently associated with recent suicidality and self-harm for transgender participants. Younger cisgender participants were more likely to report lifetime self-harm. Recent suicidal ideation was associated with lower social support among transgender participants but with lower resilience among cisgender participants.DiscussionThese findings reaffirm and expand on past research on suicidality/self-harm among transgender or cisgender people and demonstrate the relevance of tackling discrimination and distress experienced by transgender people. In addition, the findings highlight the importance of meeting additional social support needs among transgender people to help prevent suicide and self-harm.

Health Disparities Among Sexual and Gender Minorities with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

We explored the health and health care experiences of people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer (LGBTQ+) using data from a national, internet-based survey of adults with disabilities supplemented by focused interviews. LGBTQ+ respondents had significantly higher rates of mental illness, poor physical health days per month, and smoking compared to straight, cisgender respondents with ASD. LGBTQ+ respondents also reported much higher rates of unmet health care need, inadequate insurance provider networks, and rates of being refused services by a medical provider. Examining the intersection of LGBTQ+ identity and ASD reveals compounded health disparities that insurers and medical providers are not adequately addressing, particularly as individuals transition to the adult medical system.

Prevalence of Exposure to Sexual Orientation Change Efforts and Associated Sociodemographic Characteristics and Psychosocial Health Outcomes among Canadian Sexual Minority Men.

Sexual orientation change efforts (SOCE), or "conversion therapy," are pseudoscientific practices intended to suppress or deny sexual attraction to members of the same gender/sex. There are currently no data available to inform estimates of the prevalence of SOCE exposure in Canada. The objective of this study is therefore to describe the prevalence, social-demographic correlates, and health consequences of SOCE among Canadian sexual minority men. Sex Now 2011 to 2012 was a cross-sectional nonprobability survey of Canadian sexual minority men. Respondents were asked about lifetime SOCE exposure. We estimated prevalence of SOCE exposure by sociodemographic characteristics and examined psychosocial health outcomes among those exposed to SOCE. Of N = 8,388 respondents, 3.5% (95% confidence interval, 3.2% to 4.1%) reported having ever been exposed to SOCE. Exposure to SOCE was higher among gay men (as compared with bisexual men), transgender respondents (as compared with cisgender respondents), those who were "out" about their sexuality (as compared with those who were not "out"), Indigenous men (as compared with White men), other racial minorities (as compared with White men), and those earning a personal income <$30,000 (as compared with those earning ≥$60,000 CAD). Exposure to SOCE was positively associated with loneliness, regular illicit drug use, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempt. SOCE exposure remains prevalent and associated with substantial psychosocial morbidity among sexual minority men in Canada. All levels of government in Canada should consider action to ban SOCE. SOCE survivors likely require intervention and support from the Canadian health-care system.

Inequities in depression within a population of sexual and gender minorities

Background: Substantial evidence has demonstrated that sexual minorities (gay, lesbian, and bisexual people) and gender minorities (transgender and gender non-binary people) (SGM) experience poorer mental health than heterosexual and cisgender individuals. Meanwhile, less attention has been given to inequities within SGM populations.Aims: This study investigated depression within a sample of Canadian SGM who took part in an online survey (n = 2778).Methods: Multivariable regression was used to identify social characteristics associated with depression, as measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) (p < 0.05). The sample was then stratified by gender and sexual identity and the multivariable analysis was repeated for each stratum.Results: PHQ-9 scores were associated with every social position investigated, with the largest coefficients observed for non-binary and transgender individuals and those with a lower level of educational attainment. In stratified analysis, statistically significant associations were observed for cisgender respondents identifying as bisexual, queer, or pansexual (relative to gay/lesbian) and for transgender women from ethnic minority groups or with lower income.Conclusions: These results provide evidence of depression inequities within SGM along multiple social positions. Interventions to reduce depression should be prioritized for these sub-groups of SGM who experience the highest rates of depression.