Cirsium Rivulare Research Articles

Floristic records from Northern Hungary III. Zemplén Mts

We report new floristic data collected from the Zemplén Mountains between 2004–2022. Altogether, 1215 occurrences of 133 species were recorded from 33 Central European Flora Mapping quadrats. We present occurrences of so far not reported or rare species, e.g., Carex appropinquata, C. cespitosa, C. disticha, Centaurea stenolepis, Scabiosa columbaria, Tephroseris aurantiaca. We put special emphasis on occurrence data of geobotanical importance, such as Anthriscus nitidus, Echium maculatum, Lunaria rediviva, Nepeta pannonica, Oreopteris limbosperma, Petasites albus, Primula elatior, Thlaspi jankae, Veronica montana, as well as newly rediscovered species based on archive data: Cirsium rivulare, Parnassia palustris. We mention common species, which are lacking data from the area, e.g., Adoxa moschatellina, Allium flavum, Cardamine amara, Dipsacus fullonum, Galanthus nivalis. Moreover, we report numerous new occurrences of taxa typical to the Zemplén Mts.: Aruncus dioicus, Huperzia selago, Lycopodium annotinum, Securigera elegans etc. We complete the enumeration with additional data from the literature and herbaria.

NEW VASCULAR PLANT SPECIES PROPOSED FOR THE REGIONAL CONSERVATION IN POLTAVA REGION

During field expeditions in 2005–2018 in Poltava region author found 12 vascular plant species which are very rare on this territory and need conservation. He proposes to include them in the List of regionally rare plant species within Poltava region. These plant species are: Carex brevicollis DC. (relict nemoral Submediterranean species with isolated localities near Poltava town), C. remota L. (mostly Central European nemoral plant on the eastern border of range), Brachypodium pinnatum (L.) P. Beauv. (rare species on the southern border of the flat part of range), Corydalis intermedia (L.) Pers. (rare nemoral ephemeroid plant on the southern border of range), Arabis pendula L. (locally distributed Eastern European-Asiatic species on the western border of range), A. turrita L. (relict nemoral Submediterranean species with isolated locality in Dykanka district), Rubus nessensis W. Hall (boreal shrub species on the southern part of range), Cirsium rivulare (Jacq.) All. (locally distributed European swampy species), Rhaponticum serratuloides (Georgi) Bobrov (rare Eurosiberian halophyte species on the western border of range), Saussurea amara (L.) DC. (rare Eastern European-Asiatic halophyte species on the southern part of range), Senecio czernjaewii Minder. (locally distributed in oak-pine forests Euro-Siberian species on the southern part of range), S. paucifolius S.G. Gmel. (locally distributed Euro-Siberian species on the western part of range found in steppes and salt meadows). For all these species proposed conservation category, data about distribution (with full list of known localities), ecological and coenotic conditions, quantity of populations, conservation proposals and literatural sources has been also indicated.

TLC Profiles of Selected Cirsium Species with Chemometrics in Construction of Their Fingerprints.

The dried aerial parts of 12 plants of Cirsium species were extracted with the Soxhlet apparatus using dichloromethane and methanol as solvents. Next, the extracts were separated by TLC methods to obtain the fingerprint chromatograms. The analysis was performed on silica gel or RP-18 layers as stationary phases using the following eluents: ethyl acetate/formic acid/acetic acid/water (12/1.5/1.5/4; v/v) for silica gel, and 5% (v/v) aqueous solution of formic acid/methanol (70/30; v/v) for the first development and the same system in the proportion of 50/50 (v/v) for the second development for RP-18. The double development was applied in the case of RP-18 plates. The analysis was performed for all Cirsium methanolic extracts and five selected standards (naringin, apigenin, rutin, caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid). The results were analyzed using chemometrics. The comparison of individual Cirsium species and the identification of unknown species were performed using the similarity indices (Pearson's correlation coefficient, determination coefficient and congruence coefficient), distance indices (Euclidean distance, Manhattan distance and Chebyshev's distance) and Multi-Scale Structural SIMilarity. Based on chemometric analysis, the first extract of the widely grown species is identified as Cirsium arvense and the second one as Cirsium rivulare.

Chemical composition and antioxidant, antibacterial activity of Cirsium rivulare (Jacq) All. roots

The mixture of three phytosterols (campesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol), β-sitosterol 3-O-glucoside and syringin were isolated from hexane and methanol extract of Cirsium rivulare roots after chromatographic separation. The main component of the source was syringin which was obtained with the yield 0.08% of the dry source. In hexane extract, the qualitative and quantitative composition of fatty acids was determined. The predominant component was linoleic acid (23.31 mg/g of extract). The extracts showed antioxidant activity. The ability to scavenge DPPH• free radical was in correlation with appointed total phenol content. The not-defatted methanolic extract was the most active. Hexane and defatted methanol extracts showed moderate antibacterial activity against G(+) and G(−) strains with MIC and MBC ranged from 25 to 200 μg/mL.

Physico-chemical water properties and flora diversity under the old mining load influence (Rudnansky creek, Slovakia)

Mining and processing activities in the former mining Middle Spis area caused serious environmental problems. The aim of the study is to determine the content of heavy metals (Cu, As, Pb, Fe, Hg) in water and describe the flora diversity along the Rudnansky creek, which flows through the area. Chemical (pH) and physical (water conductivity, oxygen saturation) water properties were also evaluated. High values of copper and mercury were determined at the localities close to the tailing pond and mercury processing plant. Presence of plant species resistant to heavy metals, such as Calamagrostis epigejos, Arctium lappa, Cirsium rivulare, Geranium palustre, indicates toxic element pollution.

Changes in vegetation and soil seed bank of meadow after waterlogging caused by Castor fiber

<p>Soil waterlogging is among abiotic stresses that influence species composition and productivity in numerous plant communities. The aim of the study was to find answer to the question of how waterlogging caused by beavers’ activity induces quantitative and qualitative changes of vegetation and soil seed bank levels of variable-moist meadows.</p><p>An immediate effect of the waterlogging at the level of vegetation was the decline in species richness and a decrease in the values of the biodiversity index. Water stress inhibited growth and development of plants already present and, primarily, impeded recruitment of new individuals of species characteristic of variable-moist meadows, e.g. <em>Cirsium rivulare</em>, <em>Filipendula ulmaria</em> and <em>Lythrum salicaria</em>, which were replaced by <em>Carex acutiformis</em>. Prolonged waterlogging did not induce equally substantial changes in the soil seed bank as in the vegetation. Both in the waterlogged and control patches, slightly decreased species richness and biodiversity index were recorded. After waterlogging withdrawal, the reserves of the soil seed bank were slightly higher than the initial values. The differences were not statistically significant.</p><p>In the waterlogged patch, the qualitative floristic similarity between taxa identified in the soil seed bank and vegetation cover declined, which was evidenced by the value of Jaccard’s index decreasing from 0.46 to 0.36. A reverse relationship was found in control patch, where the value of the similarity index slightly increased from 0.41 to 0.48.</p>

The regressive Cirsium rivulare population in an unmown meadow in Białowieża National Park: Influenced by other clonal plants and necromass

This study deals with population dynamics of Cirsium rivulare (brook thistle) present in a meadow that undergoes succession as a result of former disuse. The effect of the following in the succession, currently dominant clonal species and necromass on the performance of the brook thistle population (presence, size of clusters and reproduction) was investigated. The regression stage, the Cirsium rivulare population had attained after mowing, was discontinued. Different kinds of influence from the contiguous species on the brook thistle population could be identified. In the case of Filipendula ulmaria and Carex cespitosa, Cirsium rivulare clusters were found to be present on the edge of the dominant patches. In case of Carex acutiformis patches brook thistle ramets did not form clusters but were present among the sedge ramets. No Cirsium rivulare ramets were found in Phragmites australis and willow (Salix cinerea, S. pentandra and S. aurita) patches. The highest number of generative brook thistle ramets were observed in a Carex acutiformis patch, whereas the highest number of inflorescences on the shoots of the analysed species were identified in the patch dominated by Filipendula ulmaria.Experimental vegetation gaps were created in patches dominated by various species to determine the effect of necromass on the presence of Cirsium rivulare seedlings. A considerable rise in the number of Cirsium rivulare seedlings was noted in Carex acutiformis and Filipendula ulmaria patches following necromass removal in comparison with plots containing necromass. On the other hand, removing the necromass and foliage did not contribute to an increase in the numbers of brook thistle seedlings in the patch dominated by Cirsium rivulare itself.

Floristic diversity of selected plant communities on extensive and abandoned grasslands in the Nadwieprzański Landscape Park / Zróżnicowanie florystyczne wybranych zbiorowisk roślinnych ekstensywnych użytków zielonych w Nadwieprzańskim Parku Krajobrazowym

Abstract The paper presents floristic diversity of some plant communities in the Nadwieprzański Landscape Park (middle part of the Wieprz River valley). Phytosociological relevés were made in the years 2005-2007 with Braun-Blanquet method. Species richness was a base to calculate the Shannon-Wiener diversity index. The Wieprz River valley has the character of a floodplain. In its middle reaches, communities of the Molinio- Arrhenatheretea class accounted for nearly 75% of all plant communities in grasslands. Herbaceous communities were represented by associations from the Filipendulion alliance. The greatest diversity (H’ = 3.4) was characteristic for vegetation of the Valeriano-Filipenduletum association. It formed small patches in abandoned meadows. Small patches of plants from the Lythro-Filipenduletum ulmariae association, having a slightly smaller floristic diversity (H’ = 3.0) were found on abandoned meadows located in highly silted and poor organic soils. Characteristic species of herbaceous communities (Filipendula ulmaria, Valeriana officinalis and Lythrum salicaria) occurred also in the sward of abandoned thistle meadows. Typical thistle meadows (Cirsietum rivularis), with the predominance of Cirsium rivulare developed in land depressions, not far from the Wieprz River, in the vicinity of abandoned drainage ditches and along the edges of the valley. However, the total abandonment of these meadows leads to changes in floristic composition of the sward and to succession towards herbaceous communities.

HERBAL DRUGS IN MIRROR OF ANXIETY DISORDER -A REVIEW

Traditional Medicines derived from medicinal plants are used by about 60% of the world population. This review focuses on Herbal drugs used in the treatment of Anxiety disorder. Anxiety disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), are the most prevalent behavioral disorders in the United States, affecting 17.2% of the population. The use of herbal supplements to treat anxiety has been increasing and the mechanisms of action of several are being elucidated. A list of medicinal plants with proven antianxiety effects used in treatment of Anxiety is compiled. These include, Citrus paradise, Cirsium rivulare , Drymaria cordata, Colocasia esculenta, Souroubea sympetala, Rollinia mucosa, Aethusa cynapium, Uncaria rhynchophylla, Cinnamomum cassia, Gastrodia elata, Apocynum venetum, Turnera aphrodisiaca, Scutellaria lateriflora, Valeriana officinalis , Galphimia glauca etc.

Microsatellite identification of ramet genotypes in a clonal plant with phalanx growth: The case of Cirsium rivulare (Asteraceae)

Cirsium rivulare is a perennial plant that forms patches consisting of ramets resulting from sexual reproduction by seeds and asexual propagation by rhizome fragmentation. We examined the relationship between the size of patches and genetic differentiation of ramets within and between patches. Ramet genotypes were identified using microsatellites. From among 216 ramets examined in the studied population, 123 had a unique genotype, while 93 were clonal, i.e., their genotype was present in at least two ramets. The frequency of ramets with clonal genotypes was 43% and the frequency of unique genotypes was 57%. Ramets with identical genotypes were dominant in small patches. Large patches consisted of ramets with both unique and clonal genotypes, usually with the predominance of the latter. A molecular variance analysis showed the highest level of variance between ramets and the lowest between patches. Additionally, 21.02% of the total variance was recorded between ramets and within patches. The size of patches was correlated with the number of clonal ramets and the number of unique ramets, but it was not correlated with the clonality index. This population of C. rivulare is currently in a phase of decline from 30 years of vegetation transformation, and there appears to have been an increase in sexual propagation based growth over clonal propagation based growth. Hence, a predominance of ramets with unique genotypes was observed. This can happen as a result of disintegration of large patches and formation of gaps between them. These gaps become convenient places for seed germination and the subsequent development of seedlings.

Pro-cognitive effects of Cirsium rivulare extracts in rats

Aim of the study Cirsium rivulare (Jacq.) All. (Asteraceae) is a herbaceous perennial plant occurring in Central Europe. It has been traditionally used in Polish folk medicine to treat anxiety. In the present study methanolic extracts from flowers and leaves of Cirsium rivulare containing flavonoid compounds linarin, pectolinarin, apigenin, hispidulin, their glycosides and a newly isolated compound isokaemferide 7- O-(6″-methylglucuronide) were studied for anxiolytic and pro-cognitive properties. Materials and methods Male Wistar rats (150–160 g) were used. They were treated orally with standardized methanol extracts of flowers and leaves of Cirsium rivulare and subsequently tested for memory in passive avoidance (PA) and object recognition (OR) tests. Auxiliary tests for motor (open field, OF) and emotional (elevated ‘plus’ maze, EPM) effects of the above treatments were also employed. Results We found that the extract from flowers of Cirsium rivulare, in addition to its anxiolytic effects as measured in the EPM, improves memory of the appetitively (by curiosity, OR) and aversively (by footshook, PA) motivated tasks. This is in contrast to classical anxiolytics as for example benzodiazepines that typically impair memory. The extract from leaves of Cirsium rivulare showed some anxiolytic properties in the EPM, and no effect in both cognitive tests. The examined extracts of Cirsium rivulare did not affect psychomotor exploratory activity of rats tested in the OF. Conclusions These results suggest that the flavonoids from Cirsium rivulare possess anxiolytic and pro-cognitive effects, the extract from flowers being more pro-cognitive and that from the leaves more anxiolytic.

Changes of Grassland Vegetation in Surroundings of New Railway Flyover (Eastern Bohemia, Czech Republic). Part I: Plant Communities and Permanent Habitat Plots

Paper shows (1) the results based on vegetation mo nitoring during the time period 19752005 in the grassland segment of undulated landscape alo ng railway corridor close to village Dlouha T řebova (Usti nad Orlici district, Eastern Bohemia, C zech Republic). Survey was focused on the meadow communities, identification of phycenological changes by comparison of historical phytosociological recor ds (1975) with the present ones (2005). (2) Actual releves taken within transect design sho wed that there is direct dependence between the meadow species composition and soil moisture gradient. Along the soil moisture gradient different formations can be found : Carex acuta communities occupying the wet sites close to river bank with high groundw ater table, followed by wet Calthion meadows with Cirsium rivulare in mosaic with Holcus lanatus formation on drier microsites. Arrhenatherum elatius stands grow in mesic conditions in contact with Calthion wet meadows. Dry sites on high slope are dominated by Festuca rubra . There are also some plant species of semi-thermophilous flora and species that prefer more acid soil reaction as a part of grassland complex. Meadow bio topes which were not affected by site alteration during bridge building, and communities with Carex acuta seem to be relatively stable in time. There are two populations of protec ted rare plant species in the locality: first an orchid Dactylorhiza majalis and the second Gentianopsis ciliata . (3) The railway reconstruction resulted mainly into degradation pro cesses of grassland sites which is documented by the sown plant mixture or ruderal pla nt assemblages.

Flavonoid composition and antimicrobial activity of Cirsium rivulare (Jacq.) All. flowers

A new flavonoid compound isokaempferide 7- O-β- d-(6″-methylglucuronide) ( 1) was isolated from flowers of Cirsium rivulare (Jacq.) All. Its structure was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic studies (UV, 1H and 13C NMR, FABMS). Moreover, five known flavonoid compounds: apigenin 7-(6″-methylglucuronide) ( 2), hispidulin 7-glucoside ( 3), isokaempferide 7-glucuronide ( 4), kaempferol 3-galactoside ( 5), pectolinarin ( 6) were isolated from this source for the first time. The antimicrobial activity of aqueous, methanolic and 70% ethanolic extracts of Cirsium rivulare flowers and leaves was also evaluated.