Circumcision Ceremony Research Articles

Conceptual Mappings of Metaphorical Euphemisms in Ekegusii Circumcision Ceremonies

Conceptual mappings are a key tenet of the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) and are sets of systematic correspondences between the source and target domains. As observed in the relevant literature, it is argued that metaphors establish a conceptual link between a source and target concept such that the target domain is understood through a source domain. As a result, the correspondences are constrained by different mapping scopes which help avoid the transfer of just any kind of feature from the source to the target concept. In this study, we sought to examine the conceptual mappings of metaphorical euphemisms in Ekegusii Circumcision Ceremonies. The study analyzed the conceptual mappings of metaphorical euphemisms used in EC based on the essentials of cognitive metaphor analysis and principles of Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT). The metaphor-related words (MRWs) identified using the Metaphor Identification Procedure (MIPVU) were subjected to conceptual analysis using the CMT. The conceptualization of the target domain euphemisms was obtained through projections in the source domain such as objects, animals, plants, and human beings. In this view, the study identified the following four generic metaphors in Ekegusii Circumcision Discourse; Circumcision is a Human being, Circumcision is an Animal, Circumcision is a Plant and Circumcision is an Object. The study employed a descriptive research design. A combined method of elicitation and the native speaker’s intuition was used to collect culture-specific metaphorical euphemisms through Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). The quantitative data on the other hand was analyzed using the statistical Package for Social Sciences which is; Chi-square at a significant level of 0.05 was employed to test the association between the overall cross-tabulated corpus of the generic level metaphors versus the influence of demographic variables on the usage of euphemisms in Ekegusii Circumcision ceremonies. The findings of this study not only contribute to the existing literature in cognitive linguistics but also indicate that Ekegusii speakers conceptualize circumcision through metaphorical euphemisms. The findings of this study are of benefit to the ethnographers and metaphor theorists for further reference.

Tachoni Male Circumcision Rituals: Navigating Cultural Revitalization, Heritage and Identity through Lexico-Semantic Analysis

The research explores the cultural significance of male circumcision ceremonies within the Tachoni community. Its objectives include analyzing the linguistic elements used in these rituals and their cultural implications, and examining how these rituals contribute to preserving, renewing, and adapting cultural practices and heritage among the Tachoni. Grounded in lexico-semantic theory, the study investigates the intricate relationship between language, meaning, and cultural identity in Tachoni male circumcision rituals. Conducted in Webuye East Sub-County, Bungoma County, Western Kenya, the research employed qualitative ethnographic methods during August and December 2022, and April 2023. Purposive sampling involved two Tachoni elders, custodians of circumcision knowledge, who were interviewed as key informants. Data collection methods included participant observation and library research. Through interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA), findings revealed that Tachoni circumcision rituals play a central role in shaping culture and language, reinforcing heritage and identity through a nuanced vocabulary of literal and symbolic meanings. These rituals symbolize rites of passage, affirming masculinity and promoting cohesion among circumcised males. However, the trend towards hospital circumcision, influenced by westernization and Christianity, threatens the continuity of Tachoni cultural practices and their associated lexicon. Consequently, documenting Tachoni circumcision rituals and their lexicon is crucial for preserving cultural heritage.

I. SÜLEYMAN’IN OĞULLARININ SÜNNET DÜĞÜNÜNDEKİ TATAR HANZADESİNİN KİMLİĞİ ÜZERİNE

One of the homelands of the Turks in the world is the plains north of the Black Sea. The Crimean Khanate, which has existed in these plains for about 350 years, is the last of the independent Turkic states that dominated in the north of the Black Sea. Since its establishment, the Crimean Khanate established political, social, cultural and economic relations with other states and communities in and around the Black Sea. One of the main features that distinguishes the Crimean Khanate, which was one of the heirs of the Golden Horde State like the Kazan Khanate and the Astarhan Khanate, from other khanates is that the fact that this state endured longer. The most important factor for this is that the Khanate accepted the Ottoman Empire's subordination from its early period. All the Tatar Khanates that emerged from the Golden Horde State continued the tradition of their rulers being descended from Genghis Khan. Being of Genghis lineage ensured that all hanzades had a say in the state administration. Unable to ascend to the throne on their own, the hanzades needed the support of various states, which were their enemies. These states supported the hanzades in line with their own interests, and groupings emerged within the khanates. These groupings led to internal conflicts in time and Tatar Khanates did not last long. In the early period of the Crimean Khanate, as in other khanates, internal conflicts threatened the state with collapse soon after its foundation, but the state was prevented from collapse when it came under Ottoman rule in 1475. The Crimean khans, with the exception of Mehmet Giray Khan I, began to sit on the throne with the approval of the Ottoman sultan. However, in time, the Crimean khans desire for independence from the Ottoman Empire emerged. In order to prevent possible independence attempts, the Ottoman Empire implemented the tradition of having a hanzade of the Giray dynasty reside in their territory as a pledge.
 The splendid circumcision ceremony held for the şehzades in the Ottoman Empire have found a place in the works of Ottoman authors. In addition to the state officials, representatives of the states affiliated to the Ottoman Empire also attended these magnificent ceremonies. The Crimean hanzade living in the Ottoman lands also took their places in the protocol at official state ceremonies. One of these ceremonies was the circumcision ceremony of Süleyman I's sons in June-July 1530. The works of Celâlzâde Mustafa Çelebi's Tabakâtü'l Memâlik ve Derecâtü'l Mesâlik, Nişancızâde Mehmet Efendi's Mir'âtü'l Kâinât, Gelibolulu Mustafa Ali's Künhü'l Ahbâr, Peçevi İbrahim Efendi's Peçevi Tarihi contain valuable information about this circumcision ceremony. In our study, we think that the Crimean hanzade, who participated in the circumcision ceremony held in 1530 and was named as the son of Tatar Khan according to the authors, is a name contrary to what is written in Turkish sources. As a result of the researches conducted by us, it has been seen that the hanzades claimed in Turkish sources were not in Istanbul at the date of the circumcision ceremony. In this study, we have tried to determine the name of the hanzade, whose name could not be determined in Ottoman sources, based on Russian sources, and it was understood that Himmet Giray and Baba Giray could have been in Istanbul on the days of the circumcision ceremony. However, as a result of the analysis of the existing sources, it is stated that Himmet Giray may have died at a date before Baba Giray's arrival in Istanbul.

Ethnographic Study On The Minang Aek Tradition Of The Tambelan Community, Riau Archipelago

His study aims to describe and ethnographically examine the ritual aspects, cultural meanings, and social functions of the Minang Aek tradition practiced by the Tambelan community. The research employs an ethnographic approach, with data collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews with traditional leaders, community figures, and ritual participants, video documentation, and literature review. The findings reveal that the Minang Aek tradition is performed during celebrations such as weddings or circumcision ceremonies. In this study, the Minang Aek tradition was observed during a circumcision event, with the following procession: a household performing a circumcision for a family member, and on the second day of the event, several community members, including the family hosting the celebration, carried water jugs. A middle-aged man dressed as a woman and wearing a shawl, a boat helmsman, and a drummer were also present. The tradition involves using a decorated boat adorned with small red and white flags attached to poles and a batik cloth tied at the rear of the boat as they visit seven water sources. The water collected is then blessed by an imam or traditional leader and used to bathe the circumcised child. The event concludes with prayers and a communal meal.

Tinjauan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah terhadap Implementasi Akad Qardh dalam Praktik Tradisi Sinoman

<p><em>Human beings will not escape from engaging in transactions that coexist with the diversity of traditions and cultures, such as the Sinoman tradition. Sinoman is a tradition of mutual assistance and borrowing of goods carried out for the purpose of various needs, such as haj atan events, weddings, and circumcision ceremonies. The aim of this research is to understand the practice of the Sinoman tradition in the Tlogorejo Village, Wonosalam District, Demak Regency, and to examine the perspective of Islamic economic law in the practice of Sinoman contributions implemented through Qardh agreements. The research also aims to explore how the agreement is conducted in cases where one party is financially incapable, leading to pressure and losses. This research is descriptive qualitative in nature, aiming to describe the Sinoman tradition in the implementation of qard</em><em>h</em><em> agreements. The results of this research indicate that the Sinoman practice using qard</em><em>h</em><em> agreements, when viewed from the perspective of Islamic economic law, aligns with the principles of Sharia economic law and the jurisprudential norms of transactions.</em></p>

Gender and power as negotiated in Bukusu circumcision ceremonies

Recent studies on language and gender that focus on songs and beer drinking sessions within the context of the Bukusu circumcision ceremony have shown that language is gendered and that it espouses male gender. Against this backdrop, in this study we aim to denaturalise this view by focussing on conversations within the circumcision ceremony. By using theoretical and methodological principles from critical discourse and conversation analysis in particular, we argue that, by using linguistic strategies, traditional gender roles are not only discursively highlighted but they are also negotiated and even resisted. This study falls within recent discussions in critical discourse analysis that have shown that language masks asymmetrical power relations on the one hand, and within postcolonial studies that have shown that gender discourses can reflect collisions between differing points of views on the other hand. The data used in this study is four audio recordings of conversations that took place alongside the main ceremony. This data has been analysed at the level of content and prosodic organisation to identify discursive practices that reveal the negotiation and contestation of gender roles. The study contributes to recent discussions in critical discourse analysis by exposing gender asymmetries and contestations that lie behind ‘taken-for-granted’ realities, with specific examples from the postcolonial context of the Bukusu circumcision ceremony.

THE EXISTENCE OF GAYO ART BEYOND ITS TRADITIONAL REALM: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY IN BANDA ACEH

Gayo art is one of the folk arts of Aceh originating from Tanoh Gayo, Central Aceh. Gayo art serves as popular entertainment and a means of Islamic missionary for the dissemination and development of Islam in the Banda Aceh region. This art is often featured in weddings, circumcision ceremonies, festivals, and other events. The focused types of art are performance arts, such as Gayo dances (Saman, Bines, Guel, and others), music, and poetry. The research findings indicate that the development of Gayo art in Banda Aceh has progressed after being regularly and systematically showcased several times. Gayo art is popular and appreciated in Banda Aceh because, during performances, it is not only unique and beautiful to witness, but it also involves various forms of artistic attractions such as didong and bersebuku. This captivating attraction draws the attention of the community to organize and attend Gayo art performances held on various art stages in Banda Aceh.

TRADITIONAL WEAPON 'MEKHEMU' AS THE IDENTITY OF THE ALAS TRIBE

This research discusses the traditional weapon mekhemu as the identity of the Alas tribe in Southeast Aceh Regency. The research method employed includes observation, interviews, and documentation. The results show that the history of mekhemu weapon usage was brought by the Alas Tribe, specifically the Kepale Dese lineage, to the Alas Land, initially in the form of a conventional sharp weapon. The meaning embedded in the handle of the mekhemu weapon symbolizes the declaration of faith, the meaning within the sheath of the mekhemu weapon represents the thirteen pillars of prayer, and the star on the sheath signifies the Four Kings. Mekhemu, as a traditional weapon of the Alas ethnic group, is inseparable from the community's way of life, including in customary marriage practices and circumcision ceremonies within the Alas tribe. Preservation efforts are undertaken by the local government through the implementation, socialization, and widespresad introduction of the mekhemu weapon to the community. Mekhemu is a traditional weapon of the Alas tribe, symbolizing the bravery and honor of a king.

Ritual Chairs of Circumcision Ceremonies: Reassessing Meaning through Materiality

Abstract This essay will showcase a process of contextualizing a Jewish ritual object through synthesizing a range of sources. The object at the center of this research is the chair in the context of the circumcision ceremony in medieval Ashkenaz and the early modern Ashkenazi diaspora. The two ceremonial chairs are designated, respectively, for the ba′al brit, who holds the infant, and Elijah the Prophet, whose association with circumcision will be explored. The essay will present the central themes that medieval Ashkenazi Jews wished to highlight during the ceremony and suggest how these themes were reflected and communicated in the affordances of the chair.

The ritualistic nuances of Efumbo: The Mystical Bukusu Drum

Communities in Western Kenya have over time used drums and drumming for education, emotional expression, aesthetics, communication, symbolic validation, condemnation, information, therapeutic, and religious rituals, contributing to the continuity and stability of culture. However, critical aspects of traditions and rituals around the drums are likely to be lost due to a lack of sufficient documentation and the dwindling social institutions for which they were initially known (such as traditional circumcision ceremonies). This article investigated the ritualistic nuances associated with Efumbo ‘the mystical Bukusu drum’. The article argues that there is a rich cultural expression of the rituals of the Bukusu manifested through the drum tradition. As such, Efumbo in the Bukusu community is played in various functions such as circumcision, weddings, funerals, invoking spirits of barrenness, and prayer sessions when a spirit possesses one. The documentation of Efumbo and the traditions associated with it will improve and preserve the creative and cultural works of the drummers, drum makers, and allied.

MANIFESTATIONS OF MATRIARCHAL TENDENCIES IN THE ABAGUSII ORAL POETRY OF WESTERN KENYA

Abagusii of Kenya, like many traditional African societies, were (are) thought to be patriarchal in their social setup. Contrary to this belief, however, there exist cultural art forms from the community which suggest a balance, if delicate, of power across gender. One such art form is oral poetry. Abagusii oral poetry is performed in all rites of passage and activities in the community such as birth, harvest, circumcision, and marriage-related ceremonies, to name but a few. When examining the oral poetry of Abagusii closely, it becomes evident that gender relations among Abagusii are much more sophisticated than generally assumed. On some occasions, matrimonial power is not only seen to exist but suggestively acknowledged as well. The study is mainly guided by the ideas of such African feminists as Oyèrónké Oyĕwùmí, Ifi Amadiume, among other gender intellectuals as Lugones [1], Gullestand (1993) Vilar [2], Shannon (1985), and Chinweizu (1990), this article examines manifestations of matriarchal power in Abagusii Oral poetry. In this regard, it explores purposively selected oral poetry of birth, courtship, and marriage. The study establishes that contrary to common assumptions, women are not only conscious of their place in the society but also serious contenders to societal influence, power, and authority. Motherhood emerges as a system that runs much deeper than most observers have been able to acknowledge. Above all, the study demonstrates that the most effective approach to uncovering "the subtleties, contradictions, and ambiguities" of gender relations in different communities is simply that of considering them within their own contexts and on their own merit.

Tradisi Barzanji dan Implementasinya di Rantau Parapat

This article aims to explain the History of the Barzanji Tradition. The Barzanji tradition has been carried out since Islam entered Indonesia. It is undeniable that the entry of Islam had a major influence on Bugis culture. Likewise with the tradition of reading Barzanji in the Rantau Parapat community. In society, the reading of Barzanji is usually done on occasions, such as the pilgrimage. But it's not limited to just that commemoration, the Barzanji tradition is also held on various occasions, as a tribute to the achievement of something better. For example, at the time of the birth of a baby, shaving the baby's hair (akikah), circumcision, weddings and other ceremonies at Rantau Parapat. This research is a qualitative research using the historical method. So the steps taken in this research are heuristics (data collection), verification (Source Criticism), interpretation and historiography. In data collection techniques, the authors collect data from two sources, namely primary sources and secondary sources. From the data collection, then the data is analyzed and interpreted based on chronological order.

Living with someone else's penis: The lived experiences of two South African penile allograft recipients: A descriptive phenomenological study

BackgroundIn South Africa, penile loss is a recognised complication of ritual circumcision which has a profoundly negative effect on these men's psyches and their everyday lives. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the experiences of the first two South African penile allograft transplantation recipients in order to assess the psychosocial impact of this surgery. Materials and methodsA qualitative descriptive phenomenology approach was used. A total of four in-depth interviews were conducted with the two South African penile transplant recipients. The interviews were transcribed verbatim while adding the field and observational notes. Thematic analysis was used to derive meaning from the collected data. ResultsAfter the penile loss, both participants reported feeling suicidal for the following reasons: their communities shunned them and regarded them as ‘dead,’ they felt severely ashamed of their disfigured bodies, they were unable to develop intimate relationships and could not have children. Transplantation gave them a fully functional penis, which resolved the majority of these issues. The participants were able to build relationships and satisfy their own and their partners' sexual and relationship needs. The transplant led to complete restoration of their self-image and manhood. They were, however, still persecuted by their traditional communities as they had not successfully completed the ritual circumcision ceremony. ConclusionThis study emphasises the necessity of offering penile transplantation as treatment for penile loss as this is not only life enhancing but lifesaving, especially within the South African context.

Teachers Perceptions of the Influence of Male Circumcision on academic performance of the Boy Child in Baringo County, Kenya.

This paper investigated teachers’ perceptions of the influence of male circumcision on academic performance of the boy child in Baringo County, Kenya. Circumcision is considered an important rite of passage among the Tugen people residing in the County. Every year during the December holidays, all male boys undergo the traditional rite. The influence of this rite on academic performance of the boy child has not been investigated yet from anecdotal evidence, it has been known to affect class attendance and discipline of the boy child and in some cases leads to drop out as the initiates are considered adults who may marry and start families. Teachers are important stakeholders who hold key information on the influence of this rite of passage on the academic performance of the boy child and it was considered necessary to obtain their views. This was done by means of a self administered questionnaire. The target population was the teachers from Baringo County who attend part- time holiday tuition at a local university. 10 teachers were sampled. Frequencies and percentages were obtained. Results indicated that pupils academic performance and discipline was affected by the circumcision ceremonies. However, teachers did not support the view that pupils should drop out of school to get married nor should they be given special treatments because of their new status.

Dressed and Blessed: The Abraham Family, Brit Milah and Dress in Colonial Ballarat, 1850–1900

ABSTRACT This article investigates how Jewish women negotiated their familial, social and religious identifications in the more private realm of the home and domestic sphere in colonial Australia. The life of Rebecca Abraham (nee Crawcour), a Jewish woman, and the three white baby dresses she lovingly made for her children give a fascinating glimpse into the hidden world of the colonial Jewish mother and the important life rituals (brit milah) of her children. As Rebecca demonstrates, faith, family and motherhood continued to define one another on the Central Victorian Goldfields, though in altered ways as Jewish families responded to the colonial environment and surrounding society. Through a material culture and micro-historical approach, this article argues that Jewish women were important mediators of a middle-class identity, contributing to the larger process of acculturation for the Jewish community in subtle yet significant ways. This article provides the first study addressing the connection between infant dress, brit milah (circumcision ceremony) and the identities of colonial Jewish families, touching upon several significant research gaps to uncover the familial and maternal lives of colonial Jewish women.

THE COHESION OF MARRIAGE AND CIRCUMCISION TEXTS IN ALAS LANGUAGE

In this study, this paper focuses on analyzing the cohesion on the texts which related to the marriage and circumcision ceremonies in Alas language. There are two texts for each ceremony which contain the wisdom and advice addressed and given during the circumstances. The paper employed an analytical descriptive qualitative method that is aimed at describing the words, sentences and discourse of these cultural events. The finding showed that every data or text has a cohesion realization contained in each text or each text from texts 1 to 4. Texts 1-2 are about marriage; texts 3 and 4 are about circumcision. The cohesion of each text is determined by the completeness and frequency of occurrence or use of cohesion tools, namely (1) referents, (2) ellipsis/substitution, (3) conjunctions and (4) lexical cohesion and are all contained in the text itself.
 
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SURNAMELERDE GÜREŞE DAİR BİLGİLER VE BUNLARIN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Surnames is a literary genre describing the birth and circumcision ceremonies of the sultan's children and the wedding ceremonies of the sultan's daughters during the Ottoman period. They show the feature of being a first-hand source for the socio-cultural history of the period with the information they provide about the festivities of the Ottoman Turks. One of the subjects of surnames, where we can find information on many subjects such as dressing features, various wedding and circumcision traditions, spectacle games, is various sports shows such as horse riding, archery, javelin, wrestling. In this study, examinations have been made on twenty-one surname texts written between 1582 and 1858 and that have been determined so far. In addition, miniatures drawn by Nakkaş Osman in Surname-i Hümayun (Surname of İntizami) and by Levnî in surname of Vehbi were examined. In the study, elements related to wrestling, our traditional sport, were determined in the aforementioned surnames and evaluations were made on them. In the study, information and evaluation were given on the following subjects: the wrestling performers and their dressing informations; The characteristics of wrestling, wrestling games, the function of announcer (cazgır) in oil wrestling, the tradition of salawat, sage of wrestlers, forgotten wrestling terms, people who wrestled in Ottoman festivals other than pehlivans, and animals and objects wrestled.

The Circumcision Dress

Abstract This paper will explore the origins of the circumcision dress worn by Jewish male infants during their brit millah (ritual circumcision). With no requirements according to Jewish law on what is to be worn during this ceremony, how does early textual evidence point to our understanding and use of the dress? An examination of visual representations of circumcision ceremonies during the Early Modern period in manuscript and print culture points to the adaptation and use of a jacket worn by the infant during this time. This is then paired with extant examples of the period in museum collections. Lastly, as Jews began to assimilate and adapt practices of their host cultures in the nineteenth century, we see the rise of the practice of a dress worn by the infant, with an examination of infant costume and materials of the period.

The Rite of Male Circumcision among the Muslim Population in the Western Balkans

The article deals with the rite of circumcision among the Muslims in the Western Balkans, one of the most widespread ritual practices, held with some variations mostly at the age of 3 to 7. The tradition that never gets explicitly brought up in the sacred text of the Quran has become practically mandatory. Among the rites of passage, circumcision is considered by Muslims a significant act, as it symbolizes the transition from the status of a child to the status of an adult who has all the rights of a “full-fledged” man. In the Balkan Muslim community, an uncircumcised man is regarded as an exception to the rule. In the second half of the twentieth century, the technical side of the rite was radically changed, but it has not affected its sacred and traditional elements. Nowadays, in its origins, its religious roots, its folk depictions and its place in the relations between “us” and “them”, the circumcision ceremony is a rite of initiation and is one of the most remarkable ritual practices that demonstrates committal to Islam. The article is mainly based on the actual field data gathered by the author in Albania, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Montenegro, and other countries of the region during the last three decades.

KAZAK TÜRKLERİNDE SÜNNET TÖRENİ

Toplumların kimliklerinin oluşumunda önemlilik arz eden davranışlar, örf ve adetler, gelenekler ve görenekler, bayramlar, törenler gibi uygulamalar kültür hazinelerinin birer ögesidir. Yaşamlarının önemli evrelerinden olan doğum, çocukluk, sünnet, evlenme, ölüm gibi konulardaki davranışları yine kültür hazineleri ögeleri arasında yer almaktadır. Bütün toplumların kültürel özellikleri ve kimlikleri hakkında bilgiler veren kültür hazineleri olduğu gibi Kazak Türklerin de değerleri, inanışları, ritüelleri, gelenekleri, görenekleri vardır. Toplumsal uygulamalar, toplumun kimliğinden izler taşıyan en önemli değerlerden biridir. Bu toplumsal uygulamalardan biri de sünnet törenleridir. Her milletin kendine ait halk kültürü ve an’anesi vardır. Sünnet törenlerinin ve bunun yanında diğer halk unsurlarının değişik tarzda icra edilmesi bunun açık göstergesidir. Sünnet geleneği dini bir gelenek olarak Arap ülkelerinde ortaya çıkmış ve daha sonra Müslüman olan diğer ülkelere yayılmıştır. Bu yayılma sırasında her millet kendi ekonomik tezahürlerine göre ve yaşayış tarzlarına göre bu geleneği kabullenmiştir. Bu geleneği kendi kültürel yaşamına göre alan ve gerçekleştiren milletlerden biri de Kazak Türkleridir. Kazak Türkleri, kendi yaşam koşullarına göre sünnet geleneğini almıştır. Kazak Türklerinin tarihin geçmiş dönemlerinde göçebe bir hayat sürmeleri bu geleneğin gerçekleştirme aşamasında da farklılık göstermiştir. Ancak yerleşik bir hayata geçtikten sonra bu kutlamalarda bir takım değişiklikler ve eklemeler ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışmada Kazak Türklerinde Sünnet Töreni başlığı altında bu geleneğin Kazak Türklerindeki karşılığı ayrıntılı bir şekilde açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır.