Circular Part Research Articles

Exploiting Newton-factorized, 2PN-accurate waveform multipoles in effective-one-body models for spin-aligned noncircularized binaries

We present a new approach to factorize and resum the post-Newtonian (PN) waveform for generic equatorial motion to be used within effective-one-body (EOB-)based waveform models. The new multipolar waveform factorization improves previous prescriptions in that (i) the generic Newtonian contribution is factored out from each multipole; (ii) the circular part is factored out and resummed using standard EOB methods; and (iii) the residual, 2PN-accurate, noncircular part, and in particular the tail contribution, is additionally resummed using Pad\'e approximants. The resulting waveform is validated in the extreme-mass-ratio limit by comparisons with nine (mostly nonspinning) numerical waveforms either from eccentric inspirals, with eccentricities up to $e=0.9$, or dynamical captures. The resummation of the noncircular tail contribution is found essential to obtain excellent ($\ensuremath{\lesssim}0.05\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{rad}$ at periastron for $e=0.9$) analytical/numerical agreement and to considerably improve the prescription with just the Newtonian prefactor. In the comparable mass case, the new 2PN waveform shows only a marginal improvement over the previous Newtonian factorization, though yielding maximal unfaithfulness $\ensuremath{\simeq}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ with the 28 publicly available numerical relativity simulations with eccentricity up to $\ensuremath{\sim}0.3$ (except for a single outlier that grazes ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$). We finally use test-particle data to validate the waveform factorization proposed by Khalil et al. [Phys. Rev. 104, 024046 (2021)] and conclude that its amplitude can be considered reliable (though less accurate, $\ensuremath{\sim}6%$ fractional difference versus 1.5% of our method) only up to eccentricities $\ensuremath{\sim}0.3$.

Endoscopic intermuscular dissection for deep submucosal invasive cancer in the rectum: a new endoscopic approach.

The risk of lymph node metastasis associated with deep submucosal invasion should be balanced against the mortality and morbidity of total mesorectal excision (TME). Dissection through the submucosa hinders radical deep resection, and full-thickness resection may influence the outcome of completion TME. Endoscopic intermuscular dissection (EID) in between the circular and longitudinal part of the muscularis propria could potentially provide an R0 resection while leaving the rectal wall intact. In this prospective cohort study, the data of patients treated with EID for suspected deep submucosal invasive rectal cancer between 2018 and 2020 were analyzed. Study outcomes were the percentages of technical success, R0 resection, curative resection, and adverse events. 67 patients (median age 67 years; 73 % men) were included. The median lesion size was 25 mm (interquartile range 20-33 mm). The rates of overall technical success, R0 resection, and curative resection were 96 % (95 %CI 89 %-99 %), 81 % (95 %CI 70 %-89 %), and 45 % (95 %CI 33 %-57 %). Only minor adverse events occurred in eight patients (12 %). EID for deep invasive T1 rectal cancer appears to be feasible and safe, and the high R0 resection rate creates the potential of rectal preserving therapy in 45 % of patients.

Research on the Status of Two-dimensional Layout Circular Parts

This paper introduces the research background of the two-dimensional circular part layout problem, analyzes the complexity of the layout problem, studies the current research status of the circular part layout problem, and finally, lists the relationship between layout methods and layout schemes of the two-dimensional circular part layout problem.

Constrained Convex Generators: A Tool Suitable for Set-Based Estimation With Range and Bearing Measurements

Autonomous vehicles in GPS-denied areas or when cooperating in missions might have access to bearing and range measurements corrupted by noise, rendering the reachable set to be nonconvex since the measurement set is a segment of an annulus in 2D or a spherical shell in 3D. There are various alternatives that could be used in the literature to over-approximate the set by a convex one. However, given the circular part caused by the range measurement, adopting an exact polytopic description would require an infinite number of hyperplanes. In a similar fashion, using ellipsoids suffers from the same problem due to the hyperplane constraints arising from the bearing part. Moreover, if only bearing measurements are available, the measurement set should be unbounded. Motivated by these observations, we propose a generalization of the definition for constrained zonotopes recently introduced in the literature to also consider the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell _{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> norm and cones (or any other convex set for that matter) as to represent these sets with less conservatism. Given the exact nature of the propagation, these can serve as a worst-case bounds for the true state which is relevant in some applications such as collision avoidance. In simulations, we also illustrate the performance of the computations to be suitable for relatively small sampling times.

Phenotypic and genetic analysis of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in young children with WT1, MLL-PTD and EVI1 genes

To explore the phenotypic and genetic characteristics of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) in young children accompany by WT1, MLL-PTD and EVI1, in order to improve the diagnosis level of AMKL. EDTA-K2 anticoagulation venous blood was collected for blood routine and morphological analysis of blood cells; bone marrow was extracted for cell morphology, immunophenotype, chromosome karyotype and fusion gene analysis. White blood cell count was 12.3× 109/L, hemoglobin was 73 g/L, and platelet count was 13× 109/L. The morphological analysis of blood cells showed that the size of immature cells was like that of primitive immature lymphocytes, which was circular or irregular and part of them with obvious pseudopodia. The cytoplasm is basophilic with heterogeneous coloration and granules. Nuclear chromatin is fine and even, 1-3 nucleoli can be seen, these immature cells account for about 40%; the morphology of bone marrow cells was consistent with acute leukemia, negative for peroxidase staining, negative for AS-DNCE staining and alpha-NBE staining. Flow cytometry results showed that the protocells account for about 52% and significant expression of megakaryocytes related markers (cCD41+, CD61+, CD36+). Chromosome karyotype is 46, XX, der(3) add(3)(p21)add(3)(q25), add (9)(q22), -13, +mar [4]/46, XX, del(13)(q12q22) [3]/46, XX[3]. The fusion gene WT1 was overexpressed, MLL-PTD and EVI1 were positive. Acute megakaryocytic leukemia has unique and complex phenotypic and genetics characteristics.

A Novel Texture Descriptor: Circular Parts Local Binary Pattern

Local Binary Pattern (LBP) are considered as a classical descriptor for texture analysis, it has mostly been used in pattern recognition and computer vision applications. However, the LBP gets information from a restricted number of local neighbors which is not enough to describe texture information, and the other descriptors that get a large number of local neighbors suffer from a large dimensionality and consume much time. In this regard, we propose a novel descriptor for texture classification known as Circular Parts Local Binary Pattern (CPLBP) which is designed to enhance LBP by extending the area of neighborhood from one to a region of neighbors using polar coordinates that permit to capture more discriminating relationships that exists amongst the pixels in the local neighborhood which increase efficiency in extracting features. Firstly, the circle is divided into regions with a specific radius and angle. After that, we calculate the average gray-level value of each part. Finally, the value of the center pixel is compared with these average values. The relevance of the proposed idea is validate in databases Outex 10 and 12. A complete evaluation on benchmark data sets reveals CPLBP's high performance. CPLBP generates the score of 99.95 with SVM classification.

Research on Repair of the Damaged Circular Parts Based on the Deterministic Electrochemical Deposition Method

Deterministic electrochemical deposition method are proposed and developed for the repair of the damaged circular parts, shape accuracy of which is not up to standard due to wear. The surface profiler is used to determine the morphology of the damaged parts to be repaired. On the basis of deterministic surface forming theory, the proposed electrochemical deposition technology is used to perform deterministic repair of the parts to be repaired. The repaired shaft parts are measured with a surface profiler. The experimental results show that the deterministic electrochemical deposition repair can obtain high shape accuracy and smooth surface quality, and it has strong reliability. It is effective and promising in the precise repair of the damaged circular parts. The proposed method has important application significance.

Wire EDM Parameters for Surface Roughness in Straight Gear Manufacturing: An Experimental Study

The gears are an essential component of any system. A gear is a spinning circular machine part with cut teeth, or inserted teeth (called cogs) in the case of a cogwheel or gearwheel, which mesh with another toothed part to convey torque. A gear is sometimes referred as a cog colloquially. Geared devices can adjust a power source's speed, torque, and direction. To eliminate backlash, high precision is required while making gears. Wire cut EDM is a high-precision machining technology that may manufacture high-precision straight gear. The goal of this research is to use the WEDM Process on an EMS 45 to determine the surface roughness of the workpiece and to optimise the influence of current and wire speed on the surface roughness of the straight gear. Wire cut machining parameters employed were 4, 6, and 8 amperes of current and 9, 11, and 13 mm/min of wire speed. Wire has a diameter of 0.25 mm, and the cutting material is brass. It has been demonstrated that as current and wire speed increase, surface roughness decreases, and vice versa. As a result, reduced machine settings can be used to generate a smoother and better workpiece surface.

Schematic of monotonic shear test for hollow circle elements no stirrups

The shear behavior of reinforced concrete beams with circular cross-sections is different from beams with rectangular cross-sections. Most shear formulations designed for circular parts are based on rectangular sections. This study aims to obtain a scheme for testing the hollow circle elements without stirrups by simple structural analysis. There were two layouts analyzed before an experiments. Layout A is an element with one hole in the middle, and B is an element with two holes at the end of the element. This study was by trial and error structural analyzed. The elements had set up with two vertical loading points and two placement points with different positions. The result is the distance between loading and placement with an equal moment. The shear force in layout B is greater than the shear force in layout A.

Pigeon-Inspired Circular Formation Control for Multi-UAV System with Limited Target Information

The problem of cooperative circular formation with limited target information for multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) system is addressed in this paper. A pigeon-inspired circular formation control method is proposed to form the desired circular distribution in a plane based on the intelligent pigeon behavior during hovering. To reach the goal of prescribed radius and angular distribution, the controller is designed consisting of a circular movement part and a formation distribution part. Therein, the circular movement part is designed to make each UAV rotate around the specified circle at the same angular speed only using the relative position between the UAV and the target. The formation distribution part could adjust the angular distance between each UAV and its neighbors with the jointly connected network to reduce communication cost. To smooth the speed variation, nonlinear PID-type method is delivered throughout the evolution of the system. The convergence analysis of the proposed control protocol is presented using Lyapunov theory and graph tools. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategies is demonstrated through numerical simulations.

Metamaterial Based Design of Compact UWB/MIMO Monopoles Antenna with Characteristic Mode Analysis

In this article, a novel metamaterial inspired UWB/multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is presented. The proposed antenna consists of a circular metallic part which formed the patch and a partial ground plane. Metamaterial structure is loaded at the top side of the patches for bandwidth improvement and mutual coupling reduction. The proposed antenna provides UWB mode of operation from 2.6–12 GHz. The characteristic mode theory is applied to examine each physical mode of the antenna aperture and access its many physical parameters without exciting the antenna. Mode 2 was the dominant mode among the three modes used. Considering the almost inevitable presence of mutual coupling effects within compact multiport antennas, we developed an additional decoupling technique in the form of perturbed stubs, which leads to a mutual coupling reduction of less than 20 dB. Finally, different performance parameters of the system, such as envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), channel capacity loss (CCL), diversity gain, total active reflection coefficient (TARC), mean effective gain (MEG), surface current, and radiation pattern, are presented. A prototype antenna is fabricated and measured for validation.

Inference in cylindrical models having latent Markovian classes—With an application to ocean current data

Spatial direction vector data can be represented cylindrically by linear magnitudes and circular angles. We analyze such data by using a hierarchical Markov random field model with latent discrete classes and conditionally independent cylindrical data given the classes. The structure of a Potts model segments the spatial domain, and each class defines a cylindrical density that represents a specific structure. We consider two types of cylindrical distributions; the Weibull sine-skewed von Mises distribution, which is skewed in the circular part, and the generalized Pareto-type wrapped Cauchy distribution, which is heavy-tailed in the linear part. In this setting, we develop a statistically efficient block composite likelihood method for parameter estimation. The method is shown to provide much faster convergence than an expectation–maximization approach. However, the convergence is less stable for the block composite likelihood method, and we suggest a hybrid estimation approach for practical use. We apply the approach to study ocean surface currents in the Norwegian Sea. The models are able to describe the currents in terms of interpretable local regimes of two–three classes. Scoring rules are used to measure predictive performance of the two cylindrical densities. Results indicate that there is clearly skew angular components, and possibly also some heavy tails in magnitude.

Construction and analysis of unified 4-point interpolating nonstationary subdivision surfaces

Subdivision schemes (SSs) have been the heart of computer-aided geometric design almost from its origin, and several unifications of SSs have been established. SSs are commonly used in computer graphics, and several ways were discovered to connect smooth curves/surfaces generated by SSs to applied geometry. To construct the link between nonstationary SSs and applied geometry, in this paper, we unify the interpolating nonstationary subdivision scheme (INSS) with a tension control parameter, which is considered as a generalization of 4-point binary nonstationary SSs. The proposed scheme produces a limit surface having C^{1} smoothness. It generates circular images, spirals, or parts of conics, which are important requirements for practical applications in computer graphics and geometric modeling. We also establish the rules for arbitrary topology for extraordinary vertices (valence ≥3). The well-known subdivision Kobbelt scheme (Kobbelt in Comput. Graph. Forum 15(3):409–420, 1996) is a particular case. We can visualize the performance of the unified scheme by taking different values of the tension parameter. It provides an exact reproduction of parametric surfaces and is used in the processing of free-form surfaces in engineering.

Minimum zone tolerance algorithm to detect roundness error for machined rods using vision system

Inspection of the circular components also include error in its roundness. Errors in roundness create difficulties in assemblies, lubrication distribution and creation unbalanced forces in rotational applications. Non contact approach for roundness measurement use several algorithms like least square algorithm, maximum inscribed circle algorithm, minimum circumscribed algorithm, minimum zone tolerance algorithm etc. These methods are used to find roundness error according to ANSI B89.3.1-1972 standard. The current research makes use of minimum zone tolerance algorithm is heuristic as it gives the precise error value and calculates the roundness error between the zone of two circles. At present this method is employed for measuring the roundness error in camera industries for measuring lens, in gear manufacturing etc. The experiment was carried for the both non contact and contact approach the results were compared. For both methods MZC was used and comparison was made for both the methods. Several contact measurement techniques are employed in industries to inspect roundness and one of the most accurate contact techniques used is CMM technique. The contact method, even though has ability to produce precise results, but it consumes more time. Main problem faced in contact type is wear and tear between the specimen and measuring probe. These disadvantages can be overcome by using image processing technology in measuring error in the roundness of a circular part. This paper gives details on the use of image processing technology in the measurement of roundness error. Finally the results of Both methods revel that there was difference of 9 to 15 µm. But Precession can be improved by using a proper lighting and having high resolution camera.

Measurement and Inspection of Roundness Using Computer Vision (Dept.M)

A common problem of quality control and inspection of circular parts is the measurement of their roundness. Errors in rounded objects can greatly affect the accuracy and function of assemblies. Therefore, there is a requirement to develop' automatic inspection methods for the inspection of roundness. This paper introduces a new approach for measurement and inspection of roundness using computer vision. Tile vision system has been established in the metrology lab and it is used to capture images for objects 10 be measured or inspected. A software (named RoundVision) has been especially developed in-house using Microsoft Visual C++ to analyze the captured images and perform the measurement and inspection processes. Unlike the conventional methods. the proposed system has the advantage of being a non contact method and much near to the reality because all points on the contour of the objects to be measured are considered. In addition, the system is capable of measuring and inspecting multiple rounded features ·in the same part, whether it represents the external frame or internal holes. The system has been calibrated for both metric and pixel units. To verify the introduced system, sample circular parts were used to measure their roundness error by the introduced system and a commercial system (Round test RA-100), then the results were compared. The maximum difference between the results of the two systems was ± 7 .22%.

Stability and rocking response of non-uniform masonry arches: The ‘part-elliptical’ profile

The fundamental role of geometry on the stability of historical arched structures has been unveiled centuries ago. In this study, a segmental arch consisting of an elliptical upper part (extrados) and a circular lower part (intrados) is introduced. This so-called part-elliptical arch is treated as a rigid monolithic body enabled to rock on a triggering base. The objective of the study is to extend the established methods applicable to the conventional circular arches, particularly in terms of: (i) stability analysis at incipient uplift, (ii) time-history analysis of the rocking response. The results are presented comparatively to those extracted from the circular arch of the same geometric characteristics.

Research of sparing technologies of tunneling

In the work, various tunneling technologies were considered. Separately analyzed force factors and torque. The axial and radial forces acting on the breed arising in the presence of a conical part of the tool are estimated. Three ways to balance the torque are considered. A moments alignment device is described for a method by dividing a penetration zone into annular and circular parts. As a criterion for the choice of technology, it is proposed to use the indicator of the stress-strain state that occurs at the time of penetration, calculated in accordance with the theory of the highest tangential stresses. The study of four different tunneling technologies by the selected criterion showed that they can be ranked by the created stress-strain state. At the same time, the generated stresses are affected not only by the driving conditions in the form of axial force and torque, but also by the presence and size of the conical part of the tool, as well as torque equalization devices. The smallest stresses in the rock are created with direct selection technology, since there is no torque, and due to local selection with a small tool, the axial pressure decreases. In second place in preference is the technology with equalization of moments, however, it is based on a rather complex technical device. The largest load on the breed is provided by the shield technology of sinking due to the simultaneous presence of both axial force and torque.

Üçayaklı Ayna İle Tutulan Parçaların Üretim Sonrası Delik Profillerinin Tahmin Edilmesi

Estimating bore profile is important to select an appropriate tool for precision manufacturing in the process planning stage. Also, it helps in reducing the rejection rate of the process. A manufacturer might not be well-equipped and want to make their best with the resource on hand. Three-jaw chuck allows machining a wide range of workpiece, mostly circular parts in a lathe. However, clamping via a three-jaw chuck distorts the workpiece. In this study, the deformation of the bore profile was investigated numerically for circular parts. Finite element analyses were performed to examine dimensional variation for various materials and different wall thicknesses under fully elastic plane stress conditions. The stressed workpiece had a triangular form. Results showed that wall thickness and materials are important parameters on the triangulation of bore diameter. A simple calculation method based on thick-walled vessel theory was proposed to estimate the tolerance grade of the workpiece. This simple method provides the opportunity to reduce the rejection rate in the mass production of circular parts.

Cyclic tests and analyses of extended endplate composite connections to CFDST columns

ABSTRACT Many existing investigations have focused on the performance of concrete filled double skin steel tubular (CFDST) members. However, there is a lack of research on the behavior of beam to CFDST column joints. This paper presents an experimental investigation and a numerical analysis of the CFDST column to composite beam joint with extended end plates. A series of joint specimens, that were composed of composite beams and square and circular CFDST columns connected by extended end plates and blind bolts, were tested under lateral cyclic loads. In addition, analytical models for this type of connection were established by ABAQUS software. The bolt washer and nut were idealized as circular parts to solve the convergence problem induced by the complex interactions. Nonlinear springs were employed to simulate the behavior of shear studs. The predicted results from the analytical models coincided well with the test results in terms of the failure modes and hysteretic curves. Furthermore, a total of sixteen parameters were analyzed to assess their influence on the structural behavior of typical square and circular CFDST column composite connections with extended end plates. The experimental and analytical results demonstrate that the extended end plate composite connections to square and circular CFDST columns have excellent seismic performance and are applicable in high-intensity earthquake regions.

Hygrothermoelastic response in the bending analysis of elliptic plate due to hygrothermal loading

This study investigates the theoretical outline to couple both classical Fourier’s and Fick’s laws to frame a new model of two-temperature hygrothermoelastic diffusion theory for a non-simple rigid material. Based on hygrothermoelasticity method, a system of linearly coupled partial differential equations for the thermal and moisture diffusion for the case of a non-simple medium is established. The transient response using the decoupled technique of a multilayered elliptic plate perpendicular to the axial axis, subjected to hygrothermal loading is considered, to derive closed-form expressions for temperature, moisture, deflection, bending moments, and hygrothermal stresses. The solutions to the governing coupled equations and its boundary conditions are solved by employing a new integral transform technique. The small deflection equation is found and utilized to preserve the intensities of bending moments and stresses, involving the Mathieu functions and its derivatives. Moreover, the elliptical region can be degenerated into a circular part by applying limitations. Numerical results of the transient response of hygrothermoelastic fields are established graphically for the better understanding the underlying elliptic structure, improved understanding of its relationship to circular profile, and better estimates of the effect of the associated hygrothermoelastic responses.