Previous studies report that increases in aerobic capacity produce improvements in cognition. However, the effects of power training on cognitive domains are not well understood. PURPOSE: To compare the effects of high-velocity circuit resistance (CRT), treadmill (TM) training and no exercise (CONT) on cognitive domains and power output in older adults. METHODS: Fifteen subjects (2M, 13F; 71.3 ± 2.5 yr) participated in 12-wks of CRT, TM or CONT. Executive function (EF)/attention, EF, episodic memory, working memory, processing speed and overall cognition were measured by the flanker (FL), dimensional card sort (DCS), picture sequence (PS), list sorting (LS), pattern comparison (PC), and composite score (CS), respectively, using the NIH Cognition Battery. The walking response and inhibition test (WRIT) also assessed EF. A global score (GS) was determined by the WRIT. Aerobic power (AP) was determined from a peak oxygen consumption test, and lower body power (MP) by a chair stand. RESULTS: A between-groups analysis revealed significant decreases in MP (MD= -269.3, SE= 91.6, p=.04) for TM compared to CONT and a decrease approaching significance compared to CRT (MD= -213.7, SE= 81.9, p=.07). There was a significant main effect for AP (p=.05, n2p=.448) with a trend towards an increase for TM compared to CONT (MD=2.4, SE=1.0, p=.09) and CRT compared to CONT (MD=2.5, SE=1.0, p=.07). No significant interactions were present for cognitive measures. Within-group analyses revealed a significant increase in PC (MD=12.6, SE=4.9, p=.04), a decrease in MP (MD=-205.3, SE=56.9, p=.01), and a trend towards an increase in LS (MD=9.8, SE=4.7, p=.08) and GS (MD=33.1, SE=16.2, p=.07) for TM. For CONT, there was a significant decrease in PC (MD=-12.8, SE=4.9, p=.04) and AP (MD=-2.4, SE=.8, p=.02). Correlation analyses revealed a strong positive association between AP and FL (r=.99, p=.008), MP and GS (r=.97, p=.03), and an inverse correlation between MP and AP (r=-.97, p=.03) and MP and FL (r=-.93, p=.02) for CRT. A strong positive correlation was observed for AP and FL (r=.96, p=.03) for TM, and an inverse correlation between MP and FL (r=-.99, p=.04) for CONT. CONCLUSION: TM and CRT resulted in an increase in AP compared to CONT that corresponded to improvements in EF and WRIT performance, however, only TM exhibited significant decreases in MP.