Cinema Halls Research Articles

Novelty, disappointment, and nostalgia in the cinema-going experience in Saltillo, México during the 1980s

In the 1980s, in Saltillo, Mexico, amid the economic transformations experienced by the city, new cinema halls emerged. These new venues were more functional and commercial, unlike the luxurious palatial theaters of previous decades. Through in-depth interviews, we explored the public’s perception of these cinemas. Our findings revealed that this perception shifted from enthusiasm and nostalgia to disappointment due to the economic and cultural transformation of these venues. It can be concluded that changes in exhibition and management policies led to a reduction in audience agency and freedom in the cinematic experience.

Desiring audiences: We will go to the cinema if…?

Beginning in the 1990s, Bangladeshi cinema began to lose its audiences significantly. This leads to the continual closure of cinema halls, one after another. Popular perception is that Bangladeshi audiences watch foreign films, Indian popular films in particular, and television programs using home-viewing facilities. Mainstream filmmakers and producers in Bangladesh argue that when audiences can almost effortlessly access similar contents at home and so they do not go to the theatres. This study, therefore, explores how the audiences decide about a film (irrespective of the origin of production) to watch, what satisfies their viewing, and their disinclination to watch cinema at the theatre in Bangladesh. A total of 100 regular movie-viewers participated in the survey interviews. The findings confirm that for most of the viewers, the trailer of a film, known or favorite actors and/or actresses, and cinema viewers or cinema-goers’ feedback are the three key sources based on which they decide whether to watch a film or not. Relying on these sources, they want confirmation that the film(s) they will watch must have all the necessary components contributing to their viewing satisfaction. The story itself, the craft of storytelling, performance, and dialogues through which characters of the story reach the audience, good making that creates reality, known (star) actors and actresses, and visual spectacle are found to be the primary elements that produce audiences viewing satisfaction. Though most respondents conditionally agreed that they prefer to watch films at theatres, films screened there are found unworthy of watching. Their leisureless lifestyle considerably contributed to this disinclination toward cinema-going.

FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF A PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION CENTER BASED ON A TRANSPORTATION AND TRANSFER NODE

The article defines the features of the functional organization of public transport centres on the transport interchanges in combination with the station complex. The role of cut-off parking lots in the multifunctional structure placed in the nodes of the city's planning framework is emphasize. The advantages of using modern types of ecological public transport and means of alternative energy for the maintenance of transport interchanges are take into account. The study uses the method of analogue analysis and structural-functional analysis of foreign examples of public centres at transport interchanges. Proposals for the development of the Kyiv- Volynskyi station in conjunction with the Kyiv airport have been submit. It is recommend to block transport buildings with city objects of cultural and household purpose: hotel, transport agency, restaurant, cafe, shopping centre, rarely cinema and concert halls). As well as other forms of association, depending on local conditions and the amount of passenger traffic in the node. Car service opportunities should also: temporary parking lots, parking lots, storage garages, repairs, car inspections, etc. An important element of engineering is local transport systems: moving tracks, conveyors, escalators, elevators, etc. When using local transport systems, it is necessary to provide additional lines of escalators or lifts of a special type to serve people with reduced mobility. Separate blocks of the public transport centre can be unite with the help of underground and surface communications, which ensure the unhindered passage of pedestrians and the passage of vehicles.

Pathogen Spread Prediction in a Large Lecture Hall Using Cfd Modeling

Air flow inside a large lecture hall is simulated using CFD. The predicted flow field is used to estimate the residence time for any pathogen released from specific locations inside the domain. The approach developed herein is generic, and can be used for the assessment of any large confined spaces like lecture halls, theatres, cinema halls etc.for the spread of air-borne diseases.

AN INVENTORY STUDY FOR THE CINEMA AND THEATRE SPACES in ANKARA

Theatre and cinema buildings have been significant recreation, entertainment and cultural activities of daily modern life. Many theatre and cinema halls that were constructed in Turkey in 20th century, reflect the life style and the design approaches of the period. With transformation of cities, urban policies, changing cultural and entertainment habits, many of them have lost their function, are away from attention, face maintenance problems and under danger of destruction. 
 Ankara stands out as an important case, where urbanization and cultural politics can be read together over 200 theatre and cinema spaces through 1920’s till up to present day. These spaces had continued their functions for a period and gained a significant place in the memory of citizens. Unfortunately, many of the buildings are already demolished or changed in function. The vast majority of these structures are not known even by experts.
 In sources, it is possible to find partial information in various content about these spaces created by different disciplines. However, there is no study that systematically brings together the data about these buildings. To fill the gap in the literature, this study aims to prepare an inventory including basic knowledge like a catalogue about these theatre and cinema spaces, by combining data from literature research, fieldwork and Ankara Metropolitan Municipality archive. In this study a general assessment is also made by using the data collected in inventory, considering important economic, cultural and urbanization policies that shape the emergence of these spaces.

Cinema in the World of OTT and the Ethics of Visual Representation in a Fictional World

Research has revealed that during the Corona Pandemic almost a thousand single screen theatres shut down for good in India. Meanwhile, a huge surge was seen in the viewership of OTT platforms. Producers who could not release their films in theatres sold their films to OTTs instead; and this trend has continued even in the post-pandemic environ. It is believed that this growth in the popularity of streaming platforms is facilitated by the bolder content that OTTs offer, raising several ethical dilemmas for both viewers and the government over censorship issues. A survey conducted by this researcher amongst more than 350 young students across Delhi, Haryana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh revealed that 47.5% of the respondents (311) go only once a year to watch a film in a cinema hall, while 14.3% do not go to a film theatre at all. On the other hand, among the same set of respondents, 13.2% watch a film every day, 38.5% watch every week and 40.8% every month on an OTT platform. 51.3% of the youth who responded to the survey also revealed that the explicit scenes of nudity and violence in OTT content, does not bother them. There is however also the view shared with this researcher by Jyotsana Garg, an advisory panel member of the Central Board of Film Certification, who says that the present guidelines enacted to regulate OTTs in India are not adequate; as the foul language, nudity and violence in OTT content will negatively impact the youth, and there is a need for greater censorship. The moral compass is obviously divergent between the youth and policy makers. In conclusion, there are contrary ethical standards and many dilemmas surrounding visual representations in the fictional world of cinema and OTT, especially with OTTs showcasing bolder content and threatening the very survival of cinema halls.

GSM Based Smart Digital Wireless Electronic Notice Board

Traditional notice boards are very difficult to maintain and involves very tedious process to change notice every time. This also is accompanied by waste of paper, ink, time, and manpower as well. This research work presents a low-cost new concept of digital wireless electronic notice board based on Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) modem whereby the required notice to be displayed will be sent through Short Message Service (SMS). This transmission of information is done by Radio Frequency wireless technique. In this device, a message or notice is sent to the display device like Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), and this message can be easily modified and sent from any part of the world, just by using the SMS facility in GSM cellular devices. Whatever notice to be displayed on the board is sent using suffix and prefix, and the message sent is displayed on the 16*2 display built on the wireless notice board. This work is very useful in schools, cinema halls, railway stations, colleges, offices etc. where the notice can be changed from anywhere, at any moment and as many times it needs to be modified.

Haidee Wasson, Everyday Movies: Portable Projectors and the Transformation of American Culture

Some fine film-history scholarship in recent years has addressed the use of film in places other than its exhibition in film theatres, highlighting how the technology was key to furthering institutional goals in industrial, capital, colonial, pedagogical and military contexts.1 Such scholarship has made it almost imperative for film histories now to reflect on spheres beyond popular filmmaking. Haidee Wasson’s brilliantly researched Everyday Movies: Portable Projectors and the Transformation of American Culture is a worthy contribution to this tradition. Everyday Movies focuses on portable film projectors and their growth in the USA from the 1910s to the 1950s, when they reached ‘critical mass’ and their use became ubiquitous in American life. By this point, portable projectors far outnumbered their stationary counterparts in cinema halls (p. 18), thus the film use they facilitated is an essential aspect of mid-century visual culture and media circulation in the USA. Wasson observes how...

A Study on OTT Content Versus Theatrical Released Cinema Preferences Among the Urban Population of Guwahati

In the year 2020 when the world was going through a period of lockdown due to Covid_19 and the shooting came to a halt, cinema halls were shut and film releases were suspended. It was then internet managed to create a new viewing experience where the mode of entertainment drastically shifted to the small screens known as Over the top streaming platforms where the user could be customized according to their taste and preferences. Also, this changed the way we will be viewing and this has created greatest fear for cinema hall owners. OTT is widely popular for its, fresh, latest content, good storyline, plot and focuses on the quality of work rather than depending on commercial success. The objective of this research is to find out whether over-the-top channels had created an impact on the urban population of Guwahati, Assam in comparison to other film viewing channels and theatres. This study tries to investigate if OTT has taken over the films on the basis of cost, content, characterization, and accessibility catered to its respective audience in the city. Many viewers are against the idea of censorship in Ott which is considered to be one of the major reasons for its increased viewership. In this research, the researcher tries to find out whether the preferences of the viewers are diverting towards OTT content or it remains with commercial cinema released in theatres.

Causality Exploration of Paradigm shift in people preferences to OTT Platforms during pandemic: A Mixed Study

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to distress the Indian economy across verticals and sectors, including the entertainment industry. These sectors have been witnessing massive disruptions over the past few months across the consumer value chain. Due to the increase in complexities in living standards, individuals are exploring alternatives for entertainment. Less available time for family, more workload during weekends, less vacation is some of the factors people are staying away from vising cinema halls. We have also observed radical changes in consumers’ behavior, perception, preferences during and after the lockdown as they have continued to study and work from home The study focuses on the changing consumer preference to OTT over traditional mediums of media viewing such as cinemas and multiplexes. While a silent trend over the last 3 years, it has been accelerated due to the ongoing pandemic. OTT or Over the Top refers to mediums offering television and media consumption over the internet. While the shift is visible, this project aims to enlist the reasons for this change and the factors that drive it. In this context, the author is making an attempt to explore the root cause of the Paradigm shift of people's preferences to OTT Platforms versus Multiplexes during pandemics. Primary and Secondary data are the main sources of collection of data. The secondary data is collated and compiled from both published and unpublished resources.

An Updated Analysis on the Risk Factors Associated with COVID-19 Transmission

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global public health disaster and knowledge of its associated risk factors provides protection/slowdown against its transmission. AIM: This study was undertaken to investigate all major risk factors associated with transmission of the COVID-19 infection. METHODS: The data on the risk associated factors for the COVID-19 transmission were collected from the Texas Medical Association, Center for Disease Prevention and Control, World Health Organization, and Health and Safety Executive. The collected data were combined, analyzed, and presented as percentage mean ± SD. RESULTS: The collective data showed that among games such as playing football and basketball are highly risky followed by swimming in public pool and playing at the beach. Whereas, playing golf and tennis are not risky (p < 0.05). Moreover, the carryout food from the restaurants is much safer as compared with eating at buffet, in restaurants (p < 0.01). The data on social gathering showed that religious places, sports stadium, music concert, cinema halls, amusement parks, attending funerals, and wedding showed a higher risk of spreading COVID-19. The data on general outing showed that going to gymnasium, traveling by bus or plane, and visiting in salon are highly risky (p < 0.01) for COVID-19 infection. Moreover, hugging, shaking hands, and kissing are also highly risky for the COVID-19 infection. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the collective information on the risk factors associated with the COVID-19 transmission. The findings can contribute to the concerned authorities to formulate the preventive measures to limit spread of the COVID-19 infection.

Acoustic performance of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites: Influencing factors, future scope, challenges, and applications

AbstractNoise pollution caused by urbanization and industrial development must be effectively controlled to provide a pleasant living atmosphere. Different synthetic fiber materials have good acoustic performance, yet synthetic fiber materials have a high cost and have adverse effect on the environment. Natural fibers are a good alternative to synthetic fibers in terms of acoustic properties and they are also less expensive and have less environmental impact. Several factors affects the acoustic behavior of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites (NFRPCs). The present article focuses on the effect of different processing methods, reinforcement architecture, fiber diameter, laminate thickness and density on the acoustic performance of NFRPCs. Reinforcement architecture has been proved to be the best option in order to tailor the various acoustic properties of the composite laminates without even changing other physical properties. The challenges, future scope and potential applications of natural fibers in acoustic applications (home theaters, offices, cinema halls, automobiles, etc.) have also been discussed.

Why We Don’t Go to the Cinema: A Qualitative Study in Iran

One of the most important problems of the cinema industry in Iran is the lack of audiences in the cinema halls. Dezful -the second most populous city in Khuzestan province with a population of around 400,000- has one cinema and it is the field of study in the present research. In this city, the cinema-goers are very limited and there isn’t much research to show why people don’t tend to go to the cinema. This paper is a qualitative study and we did semi-structured interviews with 40 persons in Dezful who don’t go to the cinema. We used purposeful sampling and the sample included both genders with different ages (21-56) and different social, cultural and economic contexts. The main themes of the interviews were 1) the reasons for not going to the cinema, and 2) alternative ways for watching films instead of watching in the movie theater. The results showed although some people don’t go to the cinema because of the lack of quality of the cinema hall, some people don’t go to the cinema because cinema is considered as individual entertainment. Most people believed that the traditional culture in many small cities is spending time with family and relatives in their free time as a collective culture. Importantly, some people had a negative view about individuals who prefer to go to the cinema in their spare time instead of meeting their family. Other individuals, structural and cultural obstacles are discussed.

Changing Winds

Abstract By exploring the case of Oman TV’s broadcasting of Indian films in the 1970s and 1980s, I uncover the gulf between historiographies of national cinema and television that are framed by histories of production, on the one hand, and accounts of (new) media distribution that are framed by neoliberal contexts of globalization since the late 1990s, on the other. From archival sources, including Indian government documents and trade journals, three intriguing patterns emerge: (1) In lists of countries to which Indian films were being exported in the 1980s, the importer is mentioned, specifically and uniquely, as ‘Oman TV’ instead of ‘Oman’. (2) By the 1980s, Oman TV was a crucial conduit through which Indian films were readily and easily available to audiences in Pakistan, among other locations across the Middle East and South Asia, regardless of national import/export policies. (3) Weekly broadcasts of Indian films on Oman TV fueled demand for both VHS tapes of Indian films and the local exhibition of Indian films in cinema halls. Together, these strands reveal a key moment of infrastructure development in the Gulf, a period of burgeoning labor migrations and major shifts in transregional media distribution and viewing practices.

COVID-19 and the Entertainment Industries in Nigeria

This paper examines not only on the socio-economic implication of the lockdown on practitioners in the entertainment industry namely the cinema halls, live performances, and the film industries among others, but also it explores the ways E-entertainment was being introduced especially in music and drama industry. With the lockdown orchestrated by the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak in Nigeria, show lovers were being entertained through E-concerts, drive in theatre performances, and television live shows like Owambe and Pepsi Dance Party that was being showed every weekend with the audience responding on face book, Instagram and WhatsApp platforms among others. The research method is qualitative and analytical. The study employed a survey method of data collection to gather relevant material from published and unpublished materials in hard and soft copies which included online materials. The material was analyzed through mixed-method, which involved description, explanation, translation, and interpretation. The result showed that the COVID-19 pandemic impacted negatively the entertainment industry, bringing to a halt the performer/audience physical participation and interaction and a lot of reduction in the socio-economic progress of entertainers and the entertainment industry depends on their audience for finance. It also opened up the need for the entertainment industry to focus more on the acquisition of E-entertainment facilities to bridge the gap between the entertainers and the audiences on a larger scale to take care of pandemic incidents like COVID-19.

Awareness and attitude towards smoking in public places among general population in Guntur city

Background: This study determined to know the awareness and attitude towards the state prohibition of smoking in public places law.Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study design. 400 consenting respondents recruited using a convenience sampling method were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire covering their smoking pattern, awareness and attitude towards the law of prohibition of smoking in public places in Guntur, Andhra Pradesh State. Data was analysed using descriptive, Chi-square and Pearson correlation.Results: About 95.3% of the participants agreed that they do not encourage smoking in public places and 99% of them supported the proposition that smoking in public places causes problems to others where 53.8% supports ban of tobacco and 92% of participants perceived that implementing laws can prevent smoking in public places. 83% of participants restrict a person smoking in public places and only 3.3% of participants are aware of the act done by the government. 74% of the participants stated that television is the prime source of information that is effective in preventing smoking in public places followed by radio (8.5%) and cinema halls (7.8%).Conclusions: There is poor awareness and attitude towards the law of prohibition of smoking in public places in Guntur. It is necessary to increase sensitization of the general public and enforcement of the COTPA act.

Cinema Publishing in the Ottoman Empire and First Known Turkish Cinema Newspaper: Turkish Cinema

Osmanlı’da ilk Türkçe sinema gazeteleri 1914’te yayın hayatına girmiştir. Bununla birlikte Osmanlı dönemi sinema yayıncılığı ve yayınları az çalışılmış bir konudur ve bu nedenle büyük oranda meçhul kaldığı söylenebilir. Bu makalede Osmanlı sinema ve basın tarihinin – şimdilik bilindiği kadarıyla – en eski ama kuvvetle muhtemelen ilk sinema yayını olan Türk Sineması ilk kez gün ışığına çıkarılmış, tanıtılmış ve tahlil edilmiştir. İkinci olarak bu makalede, Türkçe sinema yayıncılığını doğuran toplumsal, iktisadi, siyasi ve ideolojik dinamikler tartışılmıştır. Diğer bir deyişle, ilk Türkçe sinema gazetesini/gazetelerini neyin/nelerin doğurduğu ve şekillendirdiği sorusu cevaplandırılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu minvalde Osmanlı’da yerleşik sinema salonlarının doğuşu ve gelişimi, Balkan Savaşları ve 1913-1914 Boykotajı, Türk milliyetçiliği ve onun iktisadi boyutu olan “milli iktisat”, sinemaya yönelik seyirci rağbeti ve sinemanın ticari bakımdan kazançlı bir işkolu hâline gelişi temas edilen bazı konulardır.

Lost spectacle: Media consumption by Kashmiri youth in the absence of cinema halls

Hardline militants forced the cinema halls in Kashmir into closure in 1989. As heavy militarization ensued, several spaces, including cinema halls, were transformed into structures where people, especially young men, were detained and tortured by soldiers and militia. The generations born after the 1980s, therefore, grew up in a cinema-less, militarized world. In the absence of functional cinema halls, they, for years, relied on the state broadcaster for movies and media. Later – although under tremendous threat from extremists – a network of local cable TV operators, who functioned without licences, provided some succour. They were followed by pirate video-cassette and compact-disk parlours that provided people with a means to stay connected to movie culture. And, while the scene changed with the arrival of satellite TV, computers and later the internet, which connected the youth of the region to the larger global media culture, the absence of cinema persists. This article aims to explore how youth, born after the 1980s, associate with cinema halls of Kashmir and what the loss of the cinema viewing culture means to them. To this end, I intend to look into cinema culture before the 1990s and the politics around the closure of cinema halls. The article will also put into perspective the arrival of satellite TV and the circulation of pirated video cassettes, compact disks and videos of the funerals of rebels that were filmed and circulated by rental shops. These practices and processes, which shaped the childhood and youth of several generations in Kashmir, offer insights into the media consumption and the role the state and its apparatuses have in shaping the youth in a conflict-ridden and militarized region of the Global South.

The exploitation of movie sets in filming locations

Without a doubt, movies are generally perceived, by the public, as a series of images projected in the cinema halls. Consequently, the fact that a number of steps is required for a film to reach cinemas, is often overlooked.

Lighting Research on Models of Tent Structures Under Artificial Sky in the Research Institute of Construction Physics

Tent building structures are one of the types of modern structures. Their production is an actively developing branch of the construction industry. Having such advantages as light weight, quick construction, and if necessary-transformability and mobility, tent buildings and structures have a wide range of functional purpose. These are shopping and public centers, cinema and concert halls, exhibition halls, arboretums, mobile hospitals and many other purposes.