Cimanuk River Research Articles

River Water Pollution Indication in The Cimanuk River Downstream, Indramayu District

The Cimanuk River downstream is part of local community activities in the watershed. Uncontrolled waste disposal from these activities will have any negative impact on the water quality of the river and resulting polluted river. This study aims to analyze and assess water pollution in the Cimanuk River downstream. Analyze water quality of the Cimanuk River downstream based on the standard of Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia (INA), Regulation of the Governor of West Java (WJP), United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), and Department of Environment (DEO). The pollution index method used to assess the water in the Cimanuk River downstream from years 2015 to 2017. Water sampling site of Cimanuk River downstream was at Kenanga, Bojongsari, Sindang, and Paoman in Indramayu District, West Java Province. This study found that five parameters (Temperature, TSS, BOD, COD, and DO) do not meet the water quality standards with the value of Temperature (30.91±0.68 °C), TSS (62±47.75 mg/L), BOD (21.82±27.42 mg/L), COD (42.29±47.05 mg/L), and DO (4.06±2.45 mg/L). The impact of water pollution causes a decrease in water quality annually. Pollution index value of the Cimanuk River downstream ranging from 1.40 to 17.06. The water quality status of Cimanuk River downstream has been changing from slightly polluted to highly polluted. River water pollution indication due to uncontrollable waste disposal from domestic waste, batik industry, crackers industry, regional public hospital, car wash, traditional and modern market waste along the Cimanuk River downstream. Therefore, a strict environmental law enforcement from the local government to polluters needed to control water pollution in the Cimanuk River downstream in the future.

KERAGAMAN IKTIOFAUNA MUARA SUNGAI CIMANUK, INDRAMAYU, JAWA BARAT

Cimanuk river, which the estuary formed a delta, is a habitat for many fishes that occupied the water in northern coast of Ja va. The estuary is essential for supporting the fish life cycle. The aim of this study was to asscess the diversity of ichthyo fauna in Cima nuk River estuary. The fishes were collected in three months from July to September 2013 at three locations: Pagirikan, Pabean Ilir and Song. Total fish collected were 1,826 individuals, consisted of 103 species from 41 families and 14 orders. Most of them were from Family Ambassidae,Leiognathidae, Scianidae, Gobiidae, and Ariidae.

Spatial Pattern of Concentration Chlorophyll-a in the Waters Areas around Mouth of Cimanuk River

Damming rivers have an impact on the marine natural resources because it can affect the hydrological and biogeochemical cycles in a watershed. Changes influx of nutrients from upstream to downstream can affect fertility of the waters around the mouth of the river and surrounding areas. This paper discusses the differences and similarities of the spatial pattern of chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration in the waters areas around mouth of Cimanuk River before and after the functioning of Jatigede Reservoir in in Sumedang District. Spatial data of chlorophyll-a concentration in the study area were obtained from the processing and analysis of Landsat 8 multi temporal data and validation of data is done through water sampling and laboratory testing. This research area was divided into 3 segments, western Cimanuk Estuary region, the waters between the two estuaries, and eastern Cimanuk Estuary region. The results showed that after the functioning of the Jatigede Dam, the distribution of chl-a with a concentration 0.5 - 1 mg/m3 which tend to decrease. The watershed discharge factor significantly affects the distribution of chl-a concentration in the water nearby to land.

Economic impact due to Cimanuk river flood disaster in Garut district using Cobb-Douglas analysis with least square method

Cimanuk River, Garut District, West Java which have upper course in Papandayan Mountain have an important purpose in dialy living of Garut people as a water source. But in 2016 flash flood in this river was hitted and there was 26 peple dead and 23 peole gone. Flash flood which hitted last year make the settlement almost align with the ground, soaking school and hospital. BPLHD Jawa Barat saw this condition as a disaster which coused by distroyed upper course of Cimanuk River. Flash Flood which happened on the 2016 had ever made economic sector paralized.Least square method selected to analyze economic condition in residents affected post disaster, after the mathematical equations was determined by Cobb Douglas Method. By searching proportion value of the damage, and the result expected became a view to the stakeholder to know which sector that become a worse and be able to make a priority in development

Application of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to predict the impact of best management practices in Jatigede Catchment Area

Cimanuk watershed is one of the national priority watersheds for rehabilitation considering its critical condition. In this area, Jatigede Reservoir operates, which is the second largest reservoir in Indonesia, after Jatiluhur Reservoir. The reservoir performs several functions, including flood control, irrigation for 90.000 ha of rice fields, water supply of 3.500 litres per second, and power generation of 110 MW. In 2004 the Jatigede Reservoir catchment area had a critical land area of 40.875 ha (28% of the catchment area). The sedimentation rate in Cimanuk River at Eretan station shows a high rate (5.32 mm/year), which potentially decreases the function of Jatigede Reservoir. Therefore, a strategy of Best Management Practice’s (BMP’s) is required to mitigate the problem by using SWAT hydrology modelling. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of BMP’s on surface runoff and sediment yield in Jatigede Reservoir Catchment Area. Simulations were conducted using land use in 2011. The results of this study suggest that SWAT model is considered as a reasonable modelling of BMP’s simulation concerning Nash-Sutcliffe Coefficients (0.71). The simulation is using terraces, silt pit, and dam trenches as BMP’s techniques. The BMP’s application can reduce surface runoff from 99.7 mm to 75.8 mm, and decrease sediment yield from 61.9 ton/ha/year to 40.8 ton/ha/year.

Water Quality Assessment of Cimanuk River in West Java Using Pollution Index

Cimanuk river is one of the seven rivers in West Java. Cimanuk river pollution is indicated to have suffered as a result of the activity of domestic waste, industrial and agricultural uncontrolled in the riparian area of Cimanuk river. This research aims to analize water quality of Cimanuk river based on water quality standard on Government Regulation of Republic of Indonesia (IDN), Regulation of the Governor of West Java (WJ), World Health Organization (WHO), Enviromental Standard of United Kingdom (UK), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Enviromental Quality Standard (EQS), and Department of Environment (DOE). This research used pollution index method. The result is water quality of Cimanuk river not meet water quality standard where the TSS (94.85±84,60 mg/L), BOD (9.61±3.16 mg/L), COD (37.69±14.01 mg/L), DO (5.12±1.22 mg/L), NH3N (0.25±0.24 mg/L). Degradation of water quality of Cimanuk river from upstream to downstream marked by increased pollution index value annually. Pollution index of Cimanuk river ranging from 1.25 to 20.31. Water quality status of Cimanuk river has been from lightly polluted to heavilypolluted.

Study on Water Resources Allocation for Kertajati, Jatitujuh, and Ligung Sub-Districts to Support the Development of West Java International Airport (BIJB) and Kertajati Aerocity Area

The Bandarudara Internasional Jawa Barat (BIJB) and Kertajati Aerocity are under construction and expected to be a center of economic activity supported by potential of natural resources and agriculture. They later will act as a driver of economic growth in West Java, especially for surrounding area such as Kertajati, Jatitujuh and Ligung Sub-districts. As an affect of the the development of BIJB and Kertajati Aerocity, the water demand of surrounding area will increase. Therefore an analysis of water demand and availability is needed. This research supports by analyzing the water balance, water demand, and also water allocation using WEAP (Water Evaluation and Planing) software tool. Water balance of Cimanuk-Tomo, Cimanuk-Monjot, and Cilutung-Dam Kamun river are analyzed, water demand of the three sub-districts are also projected and become the inputs of the water allocation model. The result of WEAP model simulation shows that the Cimanuk River can meet the water demand of the three sub-districts until 2040.

ANALISIS GEOLOGI WILAYAH SUNGAI CINAMBO MENDUKUNG KESINAMBUNGAN KEMANFAATAN WADUK JATIGEDE, JAWA BARAT

Cinambo River is one of the rivers that enter the watershed Cimanuk located around the construction area Jatigede Dam. Based on the plan Jatigede Dam, Cinambo River are included in the inundation area, where at a future time will be puddles of Jatigede Dam. The appearance of the river, geology and geomorphology phenomena around the river will disappear puddles drowned by the reservoir. The efforts to save geological data of surrounding Cinambo River are necessary to documented so that the results can be useful. Many aspects of the geological data that can be used to good engineering the spread land movement, slope stability, land stability and the area development. Future studies related to Cimanuk river basin area will always refer to the data around Cinambo River.

PENGEMBANGAN PERTANIAN BUDIDAYA LORONG (ALLEY CROPPING) UNTUK KONSERVASI LAHAN KRITIS DI HULU DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI (DAS) CIMANUK, JAWA BARAT

The role and function of Cimanuk Watershed tend to declining, where total of critical area reach to a high of 131,384 ha from the total of 358,400 ha or about 36.6 %. In wet season debit of Cimanuk River reach 1,004 m3/second and in dry season reavh 4m3/second.Therefore the Debit Ratio of Cimanuk River reach to a high of 251, it is indicate that Cimanuk Watershed become very critical condition and need appropriate management especially in the upper watershed. One altervative of the watershed management is application of Alley Cropping system. The biomass from prunning of hedgerows Flemengia congesta have significant effect to land fertility through improvement of nutrients availability. Furthermore, the successful application of Alley Cropping system willlead to conserve land and water where it will support flood control, agricultural irrigation,fisheries development, electric generation, industrial development, etc.Keywords: agricultural, alley cropping, land conservation, watershed

A Study Of Farm-Level Input Demands Without Seed Selectivity Adjustment on Rice Farms in The Cimanuk River Basin, Jawa Barat

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><br />This paper is an attempt to analyze how a rice farmer responds to economic stimulus through allocating his resources reflected in elasticities of input demands. Specifically, in the model seed selectivity adjustment is not taken into account, that is, modern and traditional variety farmer elasticities are separately computed and then compared. The sample farmers were drawn from six desas in the area of the Cimanuk River Basin, Jawa Barat, which has been and still is currently dominated by rice farming. The results show that the own-price elasticities of demand for nitrogen fertilizer of TV (traditional variety) farmers are higher than that of MV (modern variety) farmers. These elasticities tend to decline overtime.</p>

Analisa Permintaan Pangan: Bukti Empiris Teori Rumah Tangga Pertanian

Most of demand parameters of rural households in Indonesia estimated by applying conventional neo-classical demand model. This model is not appropriate to predict the complex nature of rural household consumption decisions. The complex nature of rural household's production and consumption decisions was approached in this study by applying the farm household model. In this study two hundred and forty-one households in six villages of the Cimanuk River Basin of West Java were analysed. Results from the conventional model and new model were compared and discussed.

Unjuk Kerja Waduk Jatigede

Jatigede Reservoir located in Sumedang, West Java. As the second largest reservoir in Indonesia, the main purpose of the reservoir construction is to irrigate the 90.000 Ha of irrigation area, the source of 3,5 m3/s of raw and drinking water, as well as the source of water for hydropower plan Jatigede requiring water supply as much as 61,84 m3/s. One of the efforts that can be taken to optimize reservoir of water resources, particularly for irrigation water needs, is to do a simulation model of the Jatigede Reservoir operation. This study is discusses the analysis of the performance of the operating pattern Jatigede were analyzed based on the stochastic model of Cimanuk river flow and rain data of Cimanuk Water District. Data needs to be tested first to qualify for a normal statistical distribution using AProb software version 4.1. Stochastic models were analyzed with software SAMS 2007 from Colorado State University. Surgery simulation analysis to determine the performance of the reservoir using software Ribasim. To test the performance of reservoir used the criteria of reliability, resilience, and vulnerability. From the analysis of performance can be concluded that the reliability of the reservoir in an effort to meet the needs of raw water, irrigation, and hydropower at existing condition is of 98.3%, the resilience of the reservoir by 50%, and the vulnerability of dams throughout the simulation period amounted to 6824.70 m3/s , While in the next 50 years the condition of the dam by 92.7% reliability, resilience reservoir by 34%, and the vulnerability of dams throughout the simulation period amounted 20.540,51m3/s. It can be concluded that the performance of Jatigede reservoir decreased after the analysis of reservoir operation plan for the next 50 years.

Flood Forecasting using a Transfer Hydrograph Approach

This paper describes the development and application of a transfer hydrograph approach to flood forecasting on the Cimanuk River at the city of Jatigede in West Java, Indonesia. The Transfer Hydrograph (TH) is a transfer function that transforms total rainfall into a flood hydrograph at the basin outlet. As opposed to the conventional unit hydrograph approach which uses effective rainfall and direct runoff, the transfer hydrograph uses the total rainfall and the direct runoff at the basin outlet. The Cimanuk river basin (drainage area : 1,442 km2) has four sub basins. It was found to be necessary to further extend the application of the transfer hydrograph concept to include all channel routing effects. This because the rainfall at each subbasin was found to be quite independent of the rainfall at other sub basins, and run off data were only available at the basin outlet at Jatigede. Using the available data, transfer hydrograph were derived for each sub basin and later combined to give the runoff hydrograph at Jatigede. The approach was tested against recorded rainfall-run off data at Jatigede and was found to give very reasonable results. For flows above 300 m3/second, the maximum error of prediction was less than 12 %.

Development of a river delta: a case study of Cimanuk river mouth, Indonesia

AbstractThis paper describes delta development processes with particular reference to Cimanuk Delta in Indonesia. Cimanuk river delta, the most rapidly growing river delta in Indonesia, is located on the northern coast of Java Island. The delta is subject to ocean waves of less than 1 m height due to its position in the semi‐enclosed Java Sea in the Indonesian archipelago. The study has been carried out using a hydrodynamic model that accounts for sediment movement through the rivers and estuaries. As an advanced approach to management of river deltas, a numerical model, namely MIKE‐21, is used as a tool in the management of Cimanuk river delta. From calibration and verification of hydrodynamic model, it was found that the best value of bed roughness was 0·1 m. For the sediment‐transport model, the calibration parameters were adjusted to obtain the most satisfactory results of suspended sediment concentration and volume of deposition. By comparing the computed and observed data in the calibration, the best values of critical bed shear stress for deposition, critical bed shear stress for erosion and erosion coefficient were 0·05 N m−2, 0·15 N m−2, and 0·00001 kg m−2 s−1, respectively.The calibrated model was then used to analyse sensitivity of model parameters and to simulate delta development during the periods 1945–1963 and 1981–1997. It was found that the sensitive model parameters were bed shear stresses for deposition and erosion, while the important model inputs were river suspended sediment concentration, sediment characteristics and hydrodynamic. The model result showed reasonable agreement with the observed data. As evidenced by field data, the mathematical model proves that the Cimanuk river delta is a river‐dominated delta because of its protrusion pattern and very high sediment loads from the Cimanuk river. It was concluded that 86% of sediment load from the Cimanuk river was deposited in the Cimanuk delta. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

CLIMATE S ROLE IN CHANGING THE FACE OF THE EARTH AND THE SPATIAL CONFLICT PROBLEMS: A PRELIMINARY STUDYON THE CIMANUK WATERSHED

The increasedglobal climate directly affects theface of the earth. In addition to result in shifting of season and extremeweather, the relatively rapid change in temperaturebeing climate element also gives impact on intensity of geomorphology process (weathering, erosion, sedimentation). This paper describes how the escalated climate affects the process 'of weathering and erosion as well as change in delta mainland size and its contribution to the emergence of spatial conflict. DAS Cimanukwas selected as the study case area. The escalated air temperature for a long period directly escalates the acceleration of rock weathering, which in turn accelerates the erosion of weathered rock due to rainfall to be sediment material through erosion process. During period of 1963 - 2002, Cimanuk delta area enlarged more than 350.000 m2/year. This new land, which is formed by weathering and erosion processes in the Cimanuk River Basin through peels of land surfacepredicted to be averagely more then 10 em/year. In the last, the new landformed by geomorphologic processes triggering the new source of conflict potentially.

Environmental degradation by mud in tropical estuaries

In wet tropical countries, the intense rainfall and the lack of effective restrictions on human activities in the river catchment leads to increased rates of soil erosion. This has increased the sediment loads many times over from the natural level. As a result, estuarine and coastal waters are becoming increasingly muddy with associated losses for society in terms of increased flooding and a degradation of the environment, the fisheries and the economic use of these waters. It is suggested that science-based models be used to predict the fate of mud in estuaries and coastal waters when planning development in river catchments, particularly in wet tropical countries. This would help integrate land and water management. Modelling technology is demonstrated by a combination of field and model studies in four turbid tropical estuaries, namely the Fly River in Papua New Guinea, the Mekong River in Vietnam, the Cimanuk River in Indonesia, and Hinchinbrook Channel in Australia. The final model is adapted to local conditions and extensively uses data assimilation especially for open boundary conditions. There can be a feedback between the hydrodynamics and the mud dynamics when the system silts; in wet tropical countries this can occur rapidly, sometimes in only 30 years.

TRENDS IN RURAL WAGES, WEST JAVA, 1977–83

This paper examines monthly wage data collected by the Agro Economic Survey from seven villages in the Cimanuk River Basin of West Java, where data on agricultural and non-agricultural wages and prices of nine essential commodities were collected twice monthly between 1977 and 1983. Movements in money wages deflated by both the rice price and a weighted index of basic commodities are analysed in detail and differences between lowland and upland villages are discussed.