Cimanuk River Research Articles

Evaluasi Fungsi Ekologis Taman Kota pada Lanskap Riparian Sungai Cimanuk, Indramayu

The riparian landscape of the Cimanuk River has been declared a local protected area. Cimanuk Park is located on the northern coast of Java Island, Indramayu Regency which is one of the tourist centers and icons of the city of Indramayu. City parks are closely related to ecological functions that affect user comfort. This study aims to identify the diversity of vegetation, evaluate ecological functions, determine the perception of the people of Indramayu towards Cimanuk Park which is used as an icon of the city of Indramayu and provide recommendations for improving the green system of Cimanuk Park. The method of this research uses the study of aspects of ecological functions including microclimate measurement, and noise level measurement, which consists of preparation, inventory, analysis, assessment and evaluation, and preparation of recommendations. It has 17 species with a total of 333 individuals. This study conducted an assessment of vegetation diversity using the KPI method. Most of Cimanuk Parks have good categories in modifying temperature and controlling air humidity and have moderate categories in resisting wind, and reducing noise. Meanwhile, from the results of the study, the THI value was in the uncomfortable category.

Generating a monthly variability of sea surface salinity based on source tracing of salt concentration and the estimated SEBAL-evaporation

Abstract The variation and spatial distribution of sea surface salinity (SSS) depend on the geographic condition of the water surfaces and the temporal variation of atmospheric conditions. The SSS might differ in a local coastal area compared to similar situations in global and regional oceans. The SSS values have been estimated based on spatial regression of extracted water-salt concentration as a source tracing of salt against corrected Landsat 8 satellite data during the drought season of April 2023. Here, the electrical conductivity (EC) from the Cimanuk River can be used as primary data. This result, paired with the evaporation-derived surface energy balance algorithm for land (SEBAL) algorithm, explains a monthly SSS variability after the validation using pre-defined resampled regional SSS and evaporation data. The result shows variations in estimated SSS values along with fluctuated SEBAL evaporation ranging from 1.64 to 1.62 dS/m and 1.04 to 0.41 W/m2, respectively. It describes monthly variability and their relationship in a local coastal area limited to the condition of a drought season. However, the validation shows that the root means square error (RMSE) of 1.00 from the SSS map, produced by the regression model involving band 7 of Landsat 8 and 9, has satisfied the reasonable SSS value ranges besides the best accuracy.

ANALISIS SOSIAL EKONOMI PEMBANGUNAN MASYARAKAT INDRAMAYU

Indramayu is a very fertile area due to the presence and passage of the Cimanuk river which has an impact on soil fertility which is very serviceable and suitable for development and growth in agriculture. With a historical approach method with literature study and interview methods can construct how the socio-economic development of the Indramayu community in its journey from time to time. The problem of hard work no longer needs to be questioned to see the phenomenon of Socio-Economic Development in Indramayu Regency which focuses on the dynamics that occur in the firecracker industry, people's salt, women's labor and agriculture. They try to deal with various obstacles, challenges, opportunities and changes that occur from their perspective, even though they often intersect with rules or other parties and even the existing culture.

Coastline Change using Time Series Satellite Images in the North Coast of Java: Study Case Indramayu Regency, West Java, Indonesia

Coastal areas have continuous change due to the interaction between sea and land, which generally causes abrasion and accretion. Indramayu Regency has a coastline of around 147 km. Indramayu Coastal has the characteristics of a sandy beach with a dominant abrasion process triggered by digging beach sand and changes in the function of mangrove land into ponds. We applied remote sensing observation to obtain coastline data on a regular basis. Currently, satellite images support the availability of Landsat data in a relatively short time and cover a wide area. Landsat imagery has been used in the last ten years to detect coastline changes in study areas based on the BILKO and Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) methods. Abrasion in 2012 – 2022 covers an area of 805.71 ha and accretion covers an area of 941.63 ha. The widest abrasion is in Pasekan with an area of 266,451 ha. The abrasion process in Pasekan is very high due to the influence of high currents and waves from the sea, and the accretion process in Cantigi is very high due to the high supply from the Cimanuk River and the many mangroves that collect sediment that enters the sea.

Sedimentary Facies of the Cimanuk River Delta on the North Java Coastal Area and Its Geotechnical Properties

Understanding the sedimentary facies and their engineering properties in the Cimanuk river delta is very important to support the regional infrastructure development and the environmental assessment of the north Java coastal area. This research is aimed to characterize the sedimentary facies association and its geotechnical properties of the Cimanuk delta, Indramayu, West Java. Methods included geotechnical boring and Cone Penetration Tests with pore water measurement (CPTu). The results show that the subsurface condition of the Cimanuk delta comprises several sedimentary facies development and boundaries, namely the delta plain, delta front, and prodelta. The delta plain consists of the fluvial channel sands and marsh-lagoon; the delta front consists of beach ridge, and the prodelta is of clay to silt thickening towards the northeast. The fluvial channel consists of fluvial sand and silt, dense and hard with SPT N value of 30 and cone resistance, qc of 2,000-10,000 kPa. The beach ridge comprises beach sand and sandy silt, loose to very dense, with qc value of 500-16,000 kPa and SPT N value of 30. The delta plain sandy silt has a variable consistency from very soft to hard with SPT N value of 1-37, and qc value of 300- 4,900 kPa. The prodelta clay and silt consist of very soft to medium consistency, with qc value of 200- 3,000 kPa and SPT N value of 1-8. The prodelta clay-silts engineering properties are very soft to a soft consistency. When development occurs in the marsh-lagoon and prodelta facies, particular caution must be taken. The vertical, lateral, and spatial sedimentary facies and their geotechnical properties can provide information for spatial planning in the coastal region.

Study of Water Quality Analysis in the Upper Cimanuk River, Sumedang Regency, West Java Province during the Dry Season

The Cimanuk River is the longest river in West Java after the Citarum River which passes through four districts namely Garut, Sumedang, Majalengka, and Indramayu districts. The headwaters of the Cimanuk River stretch from Garut to Sumedang Regency. The upper reaches of the Cimanuk river are crowded with various community activities that have the potential to cause a decrease in water quality. The decline in water quality that occurs will affect the existing resources in the upper reaches of the Cimanuk River. The purpose of this research is to gather information about water quality in the Upper Cimanuk River as seen from several measurement parameters. Water sampling was carried out during the dry season in September 2020. Water quality in the upper reaches of the Cimanuk River was obtained based on temperature parameters (27oC to 29oC), water brightness (30 cm to 36 cm), pH (6.54 to 6.67), DO (6.8 mgL-1 to 7.4 mgL-1), COD (11 mgL-1 to 13 mgL-1), TDS (206 mgL-1 to 244 mgL-1), TSS (19 mgL-1 to 26 mgL-1), ammonia (0.001 mgL-1 to 0.002 mgL-1), and nitrite (0.017 mgL-1 to 0.019 mgL-1) show that the water quality at each station in the upper reaches of the Cimanuk River is suitable for supporting the life of aquatic biota and fishing activities.

Struktur Komunitas Plankton dan Penilaian Kualitas Air Waduk Jatigede, Sumedang, Jawa Barat

Jatigede Reservoir is a man-made lake from the impounding of Cimanuk River water. The research aims to analyze the water quality of Jatigede Reservoir related to the community structure of plankton. Samples were collected at seven sampling sites in February to April 2021. The Shannon-winner diversity index (H), Evenness index (E) and Simpson dominance index (C) were used to determine stability status. The pollution index was used to calculate the pollution in the waters. The research found that there were 33 species belonging to five groups, including Chlorophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, dan Dinophyceae. The phytoplankton abundance ranged from 351.7 x 106 to 652 x 106 sel/m3.The variation ranges of the Shannon–Wiener index (H’), Evenness index (E) and Simpson dominance index (C) were 0.60–0.99, 0.18–0.32 and 0.55–0.75, respectively. Pollution Index ranged from 0.67–2.61. This research shows that pollution level in the Jatigede Reservoir is good slightly polluted as indicated by the presence of plankton in the waters which is already in a condition that will cause a decrease in water quality.

Growth Patterns and Reproduction of Hampala Barb (Hampala macrolepidota) Kuhl and Van Hasselt 1823 in Jatigede Reservoir, West Java Indonesia

The indigenous species of the Cimanuk River that can adapt to the stagnant waters of the Jatigede Reservoir is the hampala barb. This fish grows and breeds well; it has an ecological function as a predatory fish from the cyprinidae family. Its economic function is that it can be traded in the Jatigede Reservoir. However, its growth pattern, condition, and reproduction factors have yet to be widely known. The research was conducted for six months (September - December 2017 and January - February 2018). The research aimed to find the growth pattern, condition factors, and reproductive characteristics of the hampala barb. Field survey research method, composite fish sampling from five research stations, data calculated using fisheries biology methods. The results showed that the growth was negative allometric. b value of male fish was 2.429; female fish was 2.717; good condition factor K value of male fish was 1.17 to 1.47, and female fish was 1.16 to 1.38. Reproduction is a partially spawn.

METODE PEKERJAAN STRUKTUR LINING PADA PROYEK MODERNISASI IRIGASI RENTANG

The Rentang Irrigation Area is a National strategic project located in the lowlands of the lower reaches of the Cimanuk River in the Northeastern part of West Java Province. Modernization of Irrigation is carried out because the age of the irrigation system is decades old, causing the performance of water services to decrease. meanwhile the objective of the Irrigation Modernization is the coating/installation of concrete block lining on river channels so as to reduce the water loss factor. Concrete block lining is a precast concrete specially designed for irrigation canals that function as retaining walls. There are 9 stages of work regarding the Concrete Block Lining Installation Implementation Method, starting from Preparation, Coffering, Dewatering, Cut And Fill, Subgrade, Concrete Block Lining, Caping Beam, Joint Sealent/Filler and Tool Shifting.

Analysis of Climate Change Impacts on Agricultural Water Availability in Cimanuk Watershed, Indonesia

Climate change has been affecting agricultural water resources dynamics spatially and temporally. This article presents analysis results of climate change impact on agricultural water availability in Cimanuk Watershed, Indonesia. STREAM was utilized to model agricultural water availability through FAO MOSAICC web application. Climate spatial data time-series were generated using 3 Global Climate Model (GCM), i.e.,: CanESM2, CNRM-CM5, and MPI-ESM-MR following two climate change scenarios of RCP4.5 and 8.5. Model inputs were split into three periods of 1981–2010 (historical), 2010–2039 (near-future), and 2040–2069 (far-future). Historical data model validation showed the efficiency coefficient of the observed and simulated discharge data ratio was 0.68. The results showed a decreasing volumetric water availability from all generated climate data and scenarios, identified by comparing the discharge normal distribution of the historical and future data periods. Whereas, trend analysis of RCP4.5 scenario showed increasing maximum discharge of Cimanuk river using CanESM2 and MPI-ESM-MR GCM’s data, with a Mann–Kendall coefficient of 3.23 and 3.57. These results indicate a different agricultural water balance status within the watershed area, particularly a “very critical” water balance in Indramayu and Majalengka, “critical” in Garut, and “close to critical” in Sumedang Regency.

Food habits of fish species in the Cipeles River, Sumedang Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia

Cipeles River is a tributary of the Cimanuk River that flows in Sumedang Regency and has available fish and food resources. This study aims to determine the food habits which include the prependerant index and trophic level of fish species in the Cipeles River. The method used is a survey by setting 3 observation stations and 4 repetitions which were carried out from September 2020 to October 2020. The results showed that the 7 fish species caught based on observations of natural feed on gastric contents, the preponderant index value ranged from 0.6 to 76. 51% of the main food is phytoplankton and animal fraction with the trophic level ranges from 2.13 to 2.85, meaning that fish are omnivore to carnivore.

Water Quality Downstream of Cimanuk River, West Java

The Cimanuk River is one of the three major rivers in West Java, incidentally the second largest after the Citarum River which aims to analyze the physical and chemical qualities in the lower reaches of the Cimanuk River. The research was conducted for three months, which was carried out in the lower reaches of the Cimanuk River. Water sampling using the survey method. Sampling was carried out at three points by paying attention to community activities around the river waters. The parameters analyzed were temperature, Light Transparency, pH, TSS, TDS, DO, COD, Ammonia, Nitrate, Nitrite and Salinity Calculations following the quality standard rules of PP No. 22 of 2021, the water temperature at the three stations was 25°C. The value of light transparency ranges from 32 – 37 cm. The pH value at all three stations is neutral. The Salinity values at stations 1 and 2 are 0, and station 3 is 1.7. DO values at all three stations ranged from 7.0 – 9.6 mgL-1. COD values at all three stations ranged from 9.3 – 15 mgL-1. TDS values at all three stations range from 244 - 343 mgL-1. TSS values at all three stations ranged from 29 – 84 mgL-1. Ammonia values at all three stations ranged from 0.002 - 0.003 mgL-1. Nitrate values at all three stations ranged from 0.31 – 0.55 mgL-1. Then, the nitrite value at all three stations was 0.020 – 0.022 mgL-1. The results show that the parameters in the lower reaches of the Cimanuk River meet quality standards.

Estimation of phytoplankton carbon content in Jatigede Reservoir, Sumedang, West Java

Jatigede Reservoir is stagnant inland water formed from the damming of the Cimanuk river. Jatigede Reservoir, like any other reservoir, is horizontally divided into three areas, namely riverine, transition, and lacustrine. The different characteristics of each zone also impact the composition and community of phytoplankton, trophic status, and carbon content. This study aims to calculate the carbon content of phytoplankton in the waters of the Jatigede Reservoir in each zone with the composition and community of phytoplankton at a certain trophic status. The research stations were selected using purposive sampling with station selection based on the site in the reservoir, namely riverine, transition, and lacustrine. Analysis of trophic status and carbon content was used to determine the condition and presence of carbon in the Jatiged Reservoir. The trophic position of the Jatigede Reservoir based on the Nygaard Index and TSI (Tropic State Index) is categorized into the eutrophic level. Species from the Cyanophyceae class tend to have high abundances, but the higher carbon content is in the Dinophyceae class. Riverin, transitional, and lacustrine zoning have the same trophic status but have different compositions and phytoplankton communities. Based on the study results, the carbon content of phytoplankton was relatively high in the riverine and lacustrine zones and low in the transition zone.

Water Quality of Cilutung River Sumedang Regency, West Java, Indonesia

Cilutung River is one of the sub-watersheds in the middle of the Cimanuk River which is located in Tomo District, Sumedang Regency. Cilutung River utilization is used for sand mining activities and may cause a negative impact on water resources, among others causing a decrease in water quality. The objective of this research effort is to determine the condition of water quality in the Cilutung River, Sumedang Regency in September - November 2020. The method used in this research is the survey method. The technique of determining the station was carried out by purposive sampling method and was carried out at three research stations. The sampling technique was carried out in situ and ex-situ. Parameters observed in situ consist of temperature, light transparency, DO, and pH and ex situ consist of TDS, TSS, nitrate, ammonia, and COD. The temperature value obtained is about 25℃ - 28,7℃. Light transparency value is about 17cm - 23cm. TDS value was about 197 mgL-1 - 276 mgL-1. TSS value was about 27 mgL-1 - 94 mgL-1. pH value is about 6.92 - 7.03. DO value was about 7.1 mgL-1- 7.4 mgL-1. Nitrate value was about 0.06 mgL-1- 0.64 mgL-1. Ammonia value was about 0.001 mgL-1 - 0.002 mgL-1. COD value was about 5.5 mgL-1- 9.6 mgL-1. In general, the water quality of the Cilutung River is classified as good and safe following the water quality standards class II for aquaculture from Regulation of The Government of The Republic of Indonesia No. 22 of 2021. However, the TSS value is above the class II threshold and close to the class III limit due to the sand mining in the Cilutung River.

Growth Pattern of Mystacoleucus marginatus (Valenciennes 1842) in Cimanuk and Cipeles River, West Java

Cimanuk River is the second longest river in West Java, flowing from Garut to Indramayu. One of the sub-watersheds of the Cimanuk River is the Cipeles River in Sumedang and Majalengka. Genggehek (Mystacoleucus marginatus) is a type of native fish (indigenous) found in these two rivers. The purpose of the study was to determine growth performance including size distribution, growth pattern and condition factors. The research was conducted by conducting a survey in the dry season in September 2020. The method used was the fisheries biology method. Measurement and data analysis were conducted at the Aquatic Resources Laboratory of Padjadjaran University. The number of fish caught was 231 with a length range of 45 mm - 116 mm and a weight range of 1,1 g – 37,4 g. The growth performance of fish living in Cimanuk River was different from that living in Cipeles River. In Cimanuk River had positive allometric with regression equation W = 4.10-6 L3.2171 and W = 6.10-6 L3.1449. Weight growth was faster than length, condition factor was between 1,27 and 1,33. The growth performance of fish growing in the Cipeles River had a negative allometric growth pattern. The length growth was faster than the weight with the regression equation W = 7.10-4 L2.1182 and W = 7.10-5 L 2.7434, R2 = 0.36 and 0.92, condition factor K = 1.01 and 1.35.

Analysis of land use patterns in the upper Cimanuk river basin and its relationship with irrigation water discharge in Majalengka Regency, Indonesia

Land use with increasingly high intensity and not well planned, such as land conversion from agricultural land to residential and industrial areas has the potential to cause damage to watersheds indicated by a decrease in hydrological conditions. This land use change is an important phenomenon for every planner and regional policy maker. This research wa conducted for seven months at the Cimanuk River Basin. This study aims to determine the pattern of land use in the Uppe Cimanuk Watershed and the impact of land use in the Upper Cimanuk Watershed on irrigation water discharge in Majalengka Regency. The research method in this study used the image classification method, namely the process of dividing the coverage area based on image data with the use of certain symbols. In it there was an unsupervised classification and a guided classification. The results showed that Land use patterns in the Cimanuk River Basin are dry land agriculture by 30.02%, rice fields by 19.01%, production forest by 14.34%, and bush area by 0.32%. The average annual discharge in 2020 in the upstream of the Cimanuk River Basin that flows into the Rentang and Kamun dams were 125.32 m/s and 355 m/s.

Impact of Land Use and Climate Changes on Flood Inundation Areas in the Lower Cimanuk Watershed, West Java Province

Land use and climatic changes potentially affect the surface runoff and inundation in watershed zones. Every year, the outflow of the Cimanuk River causes floods across the majority of the upper area of the Cimanuk Watershed, as well as the lower area. This study aimed to assess the impact of climatic and land use changes on future flood inundation in the Lower Cimanuk Watershed using a RRI model. Land-use change has been prepared by modeling using a multi-layer perceptron neural network and Markov Chain approach, while climate change using HadGEM2-ES global climate model data under scenarios RCP4.5. In particular, the forest area was projected to decline in this watershed zone, from 19.54% of the total area in 2019 to 17.73% in 2050. Similarly, the area of paddy fields was predicted to decline from approximately 34.36% in 2019 to 29.65% in 2050. In contrast, other types of land use such as dryland agriculture, mixed dryland agriculture, and settlements were projected to increase in the future. The coverage of the simulated flood inundation area using the Rainfall-Runoff Inundation model estimated to reach 179.4 km2 in 2019. The simulation results showed an increase in flood inundation areas in 2030 and 2050, alongside changes in land use and climate. The areas affected by flood inundation were estimated to reach 253.3 km2in 2030. This coverage was expected to increase by 311.9 km2 in 2050, with severely affected land uses including settlements, dry land agriculture, mixed dry land agriculture, paddy fields, and ponds.

The Adaptation Strategy of Flash Flood Victims in Urban Areas, Garut Kota Sub-District

In 2016, various settlements in Garut Regency, notably Garut Kota Sub-District, located along the Cimanuk River, were affected by a flash flood. As a result, many residents relocated to other places, far from the city. This research was conducted in three residential relocation areas: Gadok Housing, Kopi Lombang Housing and Cisereuh Housing. The purpose of the study is to determine the adaptation strategies of relocating communities. The research was conducted using mixed-methods techniques with descriptive quantitative and qualitative data analysis. The results are shown in the adaptation strategies of the affected communities and demonstrate that the relocated communities living in new settlements pursued adaptation strategies such as adjustment and adaptation with reaction. Adaptation by adjustment was carried out by accepting the post-relocation situation and taking up jobs in different sectors. Meanwhile, adaptation by reaction entailed making changes to the physical form of buildings, planting mixed gardens or constructing pet cages in the yard. Relocating residents often lacked the motivation to move to alternative shelters due to financial inability and a sense of comfort in their new settlement.

Social Modality for Post Flood Disaster Cimanuk River in Garut Regency

Based on the observation that the implementation of Disaster Management in Garut Regency has not been implemented optimally. This is evident from the fact that there are still many victims when a disaster occurs so that overall handling is still necessary. The research method used is qualitative. The type of qualitative approach used is descriptive. Qualitative research is a research procedure that produces descriptive data in written or spoken words from people and observable behavior. The qualitative method was chosen considering that this method is expected to obtain accurate data and examine research problems in depth so that the expected results can be obtained. The term gotong royong cannot be underestimated in a foreign language because gotong royong is the familiar spirit of the Indonesian people to unite, cooperate, share, help each other, and feel together to achieve common goals with benefits for all. The term gotog royong is often heard, but this social spirit is starting to weaken, especially in cities. Restoring the spirit of gotong royong today is quite a challenge today. However, participation and participation in a community group are the key to life's values to carry out a strategy in life.

Numerical Model for Quantifying the Function of Soil Erosion and Sediment Transport Controls at Slope Agricultural Lands

The objective of this study was to build a numerical model that has the capability to account for the effect of various water and soil conservation practice scenarios in reducing erosion rate and sediment loads along slope cultivated lands. As further, inter-rill and rill erosion were implicitly represented by the raindrop and overland flow soil detachments. The observed surface runoff and sediment concentration data in response to incoming water from the rainfall within selected agricultural river catchments were used to evaluate the performance of spatially distributed, processed-based Hillslope Erosion and Sediment Transport Model (HESTM). As erosion and sediment yield from slope lands are primarily determined by rainfall, surface runoff, topography, vegetative canopy cover, ground surface cover, soil erodibility, and sediment properties. Thus, several scenario-based control strategies according to three clusters of water erosion and sediment control measures had been examined. They are agronomic measures and soil management; field management; and mechanical approach. Accordingly, scenario-based water and soil conservation practices were designed for setup numerical experiments of the model at selected water catchments located in the Upper Citarum and Cimanuk River basins, West Java which dominated by planted seasonal crops (carrot and potato). The study area was discretized into a spatial resolution of 30 x 30 m for considering heterogeneity and control measures function in rainfall-runoff-erosion-sediment process mechanisms.