Cigarette Smoking Intentions Research Articles

A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Associations between E-cigarette Use among Nontobacco Users and Combustible Cigarette Smoking Intentions

Objectives: The potential association between e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking persists as an importantpublic health issue. Strictly adhering to AMSTAR 2 and PRISMA guidelines, our evidence synthesis examinedthe association between e-cigarette use among non-tobacco users and the intention to smoke cigarettes.Methods: We searched 3 databases from January 1, 2007 to April 26, 2023 and screened search resultsaccording to the PICOS review method. Results: We synthesized 20 demographically adjusted studieson smoking intention, including related outcome measures of willingness/openness/curiosity to smokecigarettes and susceptibility to smoke cigarettes. All studies suggested a significant association betweene-cigarette use and intention to smoke according to measures of experimental e-cigarette use (i.e., ever orcurrent use, and not established and/or regular use). Conclusions: Studies defining e-cigarette use accordingto measures of established and/or regular use, and that adequately controlled for specific confoundingvariables representing common liabilities between e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking are limited in theevidence base. Thus, currently there is limited evidence to support an association between e-cigarette useand the intention to smoke cigarettes. Future research should apply measures of regular and/or establishede-cigarette use that adequately account for confounding variables that consider common liabilities betweene-cigarette use and cigarette smoking. Doing so would enable the findings to support robust determinationsregarding any potential association between e-cigarette use and the intention to smoke cigarettes.

Factors associated with intention to smoke cigarettes among never smoker school going adolescents in Zambia.

Cigarette smoking intention is a strong predictor of cigarette smoking initiation. There is limited data on predictors of cigarette smoking intentions among adolescents in developing countries. To determine factors associated with cigarettes smoking intentions among never-smoked adolescents. The study utilized the Zambia 2011 Global Youth Tobacco Survey dataset on adolescents. Being in grade nine compared to grade seven (AOR 0.43, 95%CI 0.23-0.82). Having a smoking father (AOR 2.38, 95%CI 1.25-453) mother (AOR 11.77, 95%CI 4.16-33.33), or both parents (AOR 7.05, 95%CI 2.91-17.10) showed significantly higher chance of having smoking intentions than having non-smoker parents. Also, having some (AOR 1.97, 95%CI 1.12-3.47), most (AOR 5.37, 95%CI 2.82-10.25), or all (AOR 3.75, 95%CI 1.64-8.56) smoker close friend was significantly associated with smoking intention compared to having none-smoker friends. Being around others who smoked in out-door places 1-2 days (AOR 2.16, 95%CI 1.19-3.93), 5-6 days (AOR 3.21, 95%CI 1.51-6.83) and 7 days/week (AOR 2.73, 95%CI 1.41-5.30) were also associated with one's intention to smoke cigarettes compared to not being around smokers in outdoor public places 7 days/week. Having smoking parents, smoking friends or around people who smoke in public places were associated with cigarette smoking intentions among adolescents.

Evidence of the impact of a national anti-tobacco prevention campaign across demographic subgroups.

Mass media campaigns are an effective population-level intervention for preventing tobacco use. However, little evidence exists for whether these campaigns similarly influence demographic subgroups. This study examined the effects of the truth® campaign to reduce tobacco use among demographic subgroups. We used data from a national, continuous, cross-sectional tracking survey of 15-24-year-olds (n = 32 331). We used a measure of weekly aggregated campaign exposure to assess whether cigarette smoking intentions and current cigarette use varied by race/ethnicity, financial situation and population density subgroups, controlling for factors known to be associated with tobacco use. Examining estimates across subgroup categories in light of the overall model estimates revealed that the effects of week-level campaign exposure on cigarette smoking intentions and current cigarette use were similar across subgroups. Wald tests of equality across estimates in each subgroup suggested that the estimates did not differ from one another in any given instance. The truth campaign does not differ significantly in its capacity to prompt declines in tobacco use across a broad spectrum of US youth and young adults. Mass media tobacco prevention campaigns can be an effective and critical component of a comprehensive tobacco control program, particularly with respect to reducing tobacco-related disparities among demographic subgroups.

The Effects of Tobacco Coverage in the Public Communication Environment on Young People’s Decisions to Smoke Combustible Cigarettes

In today’s complex media environment, does media coverage influence youth and young adults’ (YYA) tobacco use and intentions? We conceptualize the “public communication environment” and effect mediators, then ask whether over time variation in exogenously measured tobacco media coverage from mass and social media sources predicts daily YYA cigarette smoking intentions measured in a rolling nationally representative phone survey (N = 11,847 on 1,147 days between May 2014 and June 2017). Past week anti-tobacco and pro-tobacco content from Twitter, newspapers, broadcast news, Associated Press, and web blogs made coherent scales (thetas = 0.77 and 0.79). Opportunities for exposure to anti-tobacco content in the past week predicted lower intentions to smoke (Odds ratio [OR] = 0.95, p < .05, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.91–1.00). The effect was stronger among current smokers than among nonsmokers (interaction OR = 0.88, p < .05, 95% CI = 0.77–1.00). These findings support specific effects of anti-tobacco media coverage and illustrate a productive general approach to conceptualizing and assessing effects in the complex media environment.

Adolescent E-cigarette Users at Highest Risk of Cigarette Smoking Intention.

Objectives: Adolescent e-cigarette users are at risk of developing smoking intention, an established predictor of conventional cigarette smoking. In this study, we identify subgroups of adolescent e-cigarette users who are most likely to intend to smoke conventional cigarettes. Methods: Cross-sectional data on 1357 8th and 10th grade e-cigarette users who had never smoked conventional cigarettes were obtained from 2014-2017 Monitoring the Future Surveys. We conducted latent class analysis to identify subgroups of adolescent e-cigarette users; through latent class regression analysis, we examined the association between subgroup membership and smoking intention. Results: We identified 3 subgroups of adolescent e-cigarette users: socially-protected (56.6%), peer-driven (29.8%), and market-vulnerable (13.6%). The peer-driven class reported the highest number of peers who smoke and the lowest proportion of friends who strongly disapproved of daily cigarette smoking. They were significantly more likely than the socially-protected and market-vulnerable classes to have smoking intention (AOR=2.46; 95% CI 1.84-3.28, and AOR=2.29; 95% CI 1.48-3.53, respectively). Conclusion: Our findings provide insights on the constellation of risk and protective factors that contribute to smoking intention among adolescent e-cigarette users. It highlights peer influence as an important area of emphasis for adolescent smoking prevention programs.

Attitudes and perceptions about cigarette smoking among nonsmoking high school students.

To explore the association between cigarette smoking intention and attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control as identified by the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in a cohort of nonsmoking teenagers. A convenience sample of 76 nonsmoking students from a rural Northeastern Pennsylvania high school completed a self-administered questionnaire based on the TPB, which included cigarette smoking behavior, intention, and the direct measures of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control. Regression analyses demonstrated that all three independent variables (attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control) contributed significantly to the respondents' intention to not smoke cigarettes, accounting for 64% of the variance. These findings may have implications for promoting nonsmoking behavior. This is the first study to examine the efficacy of the TPB in predicting the intention to not smoke in a cohort of all nonsmokers. The intention to not smoke was significantly correlated with the respondents' negative general attitudes toward cigarette smoking, belief that significant others would disapprove of their cigarette smoking, and positive tobacco refusal self-efficacy. Understanding the factors associated with nonsmoking behavior in teenagers is important information for nurse practitioners, as we develop strategies to encourage and reinforce cigarette smoking abstinence.

E-cigarette use, perceptions, and cigarette smoking intentions in a community sample of young adult nondaily cigarette smokers.

E-cigarettes have been suggested as a strategy for reducing harm from cigarettes. Although e-cigarettes could be a less-harmful alternative to cigarettes for those trying to quit, there may also be costs that outweigh any benefits of reduction. The purpose of the present study was to prospectively investigate perceptions of e-cigarettes, cigarette smoking intentions, and their associations with e-cigarette use over time. Community participants (N = 348, 57% male) aged 18 to 24 years were recruited for a longitudinal study of tobacco use. Inclusion criteria included nondaily cigarette smoking for ≥ 6 months with no history of daily smoking. Participants reported e-cigarette use over the past 14 days at baseline, and for the past 9 days at 3, 6, and 9 months. Assessments were completed online or via mobile phone. Across the 4 assessments, 22% to 33% of participants reported recent e-cigarette use. Intent to quit smoking cigarettes and intent to maintain smoking were unrelated to e-cigarette frequency. E-cigarette frequency was positively associated with perceiving e-cigarettes as less harmful than cigarettes and more positive e-cigarette expectancies (ps < .05). E-cigarette use was also more frequent among those who smoked cigarettes frequently and who used e-cigarettes to circumvent cigarette bans more often (ps < .05). The combination of these findings suggests that, at least among nondaily smoking young adults, other factors may influence frequency of e-cigarette use more than harm reduction. Findings instead seem consistent with the hypothesis that e-cigarettes are more often used to complement ongoing cigarette smoking. (PsycINFO Database Record

The Intention to use E-Cigarettes and its Association with Cigarette Smoking Intention and Habits Among us Youth

The Intention to use E-Cigarettes and its Association with Cigarette Smoking Intention and Habits Among us Youth

Using peer injunctive norms to predict early adolescent cigarette smoking intentions

The present study investigated the importance of the perceived injunctive norm to predict early adolescent cigarette smoking intentions. A total of 271 6th graders completed a survey that included perceived prevalence of friend smoking (descriptive norm), perceptions of friends' disapproval of smoking (injunctive norm), and future smoking intentions. Participants also listed their five best friends, in which the actual injunctive norm was calculated. Results showed that smoking intentions were significantly correlated with the perceived injunctive norm but not with the actual injunctive norm. Secondly, the perceived injunctive norm predicted an additional 3.4% of variance in smoking intentions above and beyond the perceived descriptive norm. These results demonstrate the importance of the perceived injunctive norm in predicting early adolescent smoking intentions.

An examination of ethnic differences in cigarette smoking intention among female teenagers

To describe and compare predictors of cigarette smoking intention, as defined by the theory of planned behavior, among African American, Puerto Rican, and non-Hispanic white female teenagers. A convenience sample of 430 English-speaking female teenagers (141 African American, 146 Puerto Rican, and 143 non-Hispanic white teenagers), aged 13-19 years, who were patients at family planning clinics in eastern Pennsylvania. The data were obtained through a self-administered questionnaire. Regression analyses demonstrated attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control predicted 70% of the variance in smoking intention in African American, 69% in Puerto Rican, and 88% in non-Hispanic white teenagers. In addition, ethnic group differences were identified. For African Americans, smoking intention was mediated principally by perceived behavioral control, whereas for Puerto Rican and non-Hispanic white teenagers, attitudes were the greatest predictor of intention to smoke. Moreover, non-Hispanic white smokers had a stronger intention to smoke than either the African American or Puerto Rican smokers. Cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States, with the majority of smokers initiating the habit in their teen years. Nurse practitioners are in key positions to counsel young women about the dangers of smoking. The identification of cultural-specific predictors of smoking will assist in the development of tailored antismoking messages.

Predictors of smoking behaviour: an application of Ajzen's theory of planned behaviour.

The aim of the present paper was to verify the basic assumptions underlying the theory of planned behaviour for the prediction of cigarette smoking intentions and behaviour among adults of the general population (study 1) and a group of pregnant women (study 2). Each study was developed based upon Ajzen's theory of planned behaviour. In both studies, baseline data was collected at home with trained interviewers and with the use of paper and pencil questionnaires. The self-report on behaviour was obtained 6 months (study 1) and between 8 and 9 months (study 2) after baseline data collection. In study 1, for smokers, perceived behavioural control, attitudes and subjective norm were explaining intention, whereas perceived behavioural control and habit were the most important predictors of behaviour. In study 2, smoker's intentions was mainly under the influence of perceived behavioural control and attitude, whereas behaviour was predicted by perceived behavioural control only. The present studies suggest that promotional programmes should help smokers to know and develop their will-power regarding non-smoking of cigarettes and should be informed of the effort required in order to modify smoking behaviour.

Physical, psychological, social, and lifestyle differences among adolescents classified according to cigarette smoking intention status.

This study was conducted to determine the extent to which multiple physical, psychological, social, and lifestyle measures differ among high school males classified according to cigarette smoking intention status including nonintenders, mild intenders, and strong intenders. The Physical Performance Test for California, to measure six traits of physical fitness and Cattell's 16PF Questionnaire to assess manifold dimensions of personality were administered to 386 high school males. Self-concept was measured by Rosenberg's Self-esteem Scale and body build was assessed using Tucker's Perceived Somatotype Scale and the Body Mass Index. Data relative to marital status of parents, exercise experience, church attendance, participation in athletics, alcohol drinking habits, television viewing behavior, intention to attend college, dating behavior, as well as general demographic information and intention to smoke cigarettes were assessed by a written questionnaire. Results indicated that nonintenders were significantly more self-confident, intelligent, emotionally stable, moralistic, conservative, group oriented, self-controlled, relaxed, and more likely to respond in a socially desirable manner than were strong intenders. Nonintenders reported less dating, less television viewing, less alcohol consumption, and perceived themselves as and were determined to be less obese than strong intenders. Nonintenders also reported greater intentions to attend college, greater varsity athletic participation, were more likely to be residing with their natural mothers, and were more physically fit than were strong intenders. Possible health education and youth smoking prevention strategies are discussed.

Psychological differences between adolescent smoking intenders and nonintenders.

The present study was conducted to determine the extent to which multiple measures of personality discriminate and differentiate between adolescents who report intention to smoke cigarettes as adults and those who indicate no such intent. Subjects (N = 335) were limited to American males because of the numerous gender differences related to cigarette smoking. The 16PF Questionnaire, Form C (Cattell, Eber, & Patsuoka, 1970), was employed to assess manifold dimensions of personality, and Rosenberg's (1965) Self-Esteem Scale was administered to assess global self-concept. Cigarette smoking intention was measured by a strategy similar to that suggested by Fishbein and Ajzen (1975). MANOVA revealed that the two groups were significantly different on the psychological indices treated compositely. Multiple discriminant analysis disclosed seven personality variables capable of discriminating between the smoking intenders and the nonintenders; nonintenders were significantly more self-confident, moralistic, intelligent, conservative, tender-minded, group-oriented, and reserved than were intenders. ANOVA indicated that intenders were significantly less stable, intelligent, moralistic, self-confident, and controlled and significantly more apprehensive, liberal, self-sufficient, and tense than were nonintenders.

Cigarette smoking intentions and obesity among high school males.

Since cigarette smoking is the largest preventable cause of premature death, illness, and disability in America, national efforts to control and extinguish the behavior are expanding. Studies conducted to determine the etiology and correlates of smoking have identified demographic, psychological, lifestyle, and societal factors of significance, but there is still much to be learned about the habit (NIDA, 1979). The present investigation was conducred to determine the role of obesity and body structure as antecedents of smoking within a teenage population, where the habit tends to be initiated. Specifically, data from 400 high school males were analyzed by analysis of variance for unbalanced groups to determine if smoking intentions differ significantly among ectomorphs, mesomorphs, or endomorphs. Intentions were assessed using a strategy similar to that suggested by Fishbein and Ajzen (1975) and the Perceived Sornatotype Scale (Tucker, 1982) and Quetelet's index of body mass (Worthingcon-Roberts, 1981) were employed to measure somatotype. Results showed that smoking intentions differed significantly among subjects classified according to perceived somatotype (F2.20, = 5.59, p = .004). Endomorphs ( n = 51) averaged 15.29 ( S D = 8.33) on the intentions inventory, which was significantly higher than the mean of the mesomorphs ( n = 189), 13.02 ( S D = 6.68), and the mean of the ectomorphs (n = 157) , 11.97 (SD = 4.59). Similarly, smoking intentions differed significantly among subjects differentiated according to Quetelet's index (F2.391 = 3.39, p = .04). Relatively obese boys ( n = 54) averaged 15.0 ( S D = 7.71) on the measure of smoking intentions, which was significantly higher than the means of the moderately built subjects ( n = 240). 12.75 ( S D = 6.13) and the lean males ( n = 106),'12.36 ( S D = 6.10). Apparently, high school boys who are self-perceived endomorphs or relatively obese have significantly stronger intentions of smoking cigarettes than do their counterparts. It is plausible that this association is mediated by several factors, such as self-esteem, anxiety, and physical fitness, all of which are relared to both smoking and obesity. Moreover, since the behavior of students is functionally related to the general social positions they occupy, including the nerwork of interpersonal relationships in the social structure (NIDA, 1979), the significant cigarette smoking intentions/obesity association of this study may be a function of peer acceptance and social status.