Cigarette Manufacturers Research Articles

Prediction and diagnosis of cardiovascular disease using cloud and machine learning design

Predicting and accurately identifying heart disease is a significant challenge in the field of medicine, and the problem of cardiovascular disease predetermine in the health care system is regarded as an essential challenge. Patients have access to more expensive surgical procedures at these rapidly expanding health care organisations. Recent years have seen an increase in the prevalence of heart disease; this means that despite the progress that has been made in medicine, the prevalence of cardiovascular disease continues to rise at an alarming rate. The primary contributors to the development of these illnesses are a sedentary lifestyle, excessive use of alcohol, insufficient time spent being physically active, and the use of cigarette products. As a result, there is a requirement for a cloud-based framework (CBF) that is capable of monitoring health information and making accurate predictions regarding it. Recently, techniques from the field of machine learning have been applied in an effort to address issues of this nature. But the method that is being suggested uses a cloud-based and cloud-based four-step process to improve surveillance of patients’ health information. This is done to improve the process of forecasting patients’ health information. Detecting and categorising cardiac illness can be accomplished through the application of two distinct kinds of machine learning techniques. After that, an analysis is performed to determine how accurate those techniques are. In order to assess how effectively they work, evaluation parameters are utilised.

Peningkatan Pendapatan Petani Tembakau melalui Penerapan Teknologi Mesin Perajang Daun Tembakau di Kecamatan Purbolinggo Kabupaten Lampung Timur

Tobacco is one of the agricultural products that serves as a main commodity for farmers in Purbolinggo District, East Lampung Regency. East Lampung Regency is the largest tobacco-producing area in Lampung Province. This Community Service activity aims to provide training on tobacco cutting machine technology, tobacco marketing, and to disseminate information by introducing tobacco cutting machine technology. This service is beneficial for tobacco farmers as it reduces the time required for cutting tobacco, which positively impacts the quantity of cigarette production and increases farmers' income. The results of the community service conducted by the University of Lampung team in Taman Cari Village, Purbolinggo District, East Lampung Regency provide significant benefits for tobacco farmers in processing tobacco leaves into ready-to-roll tobacco (TSG).

Study on the Detection Model of Cigarettes' Dense-end Position Based on Density Probability Distribution

The density distribution of cigarettes was analyzed in order to improve the detection precision of cigarettes' dense-end position. The distribution pattern of the density under the ideal production condition was combined, and a dense-end position detection model was constructed. The model parameters were determined on the basis of data optimization. The model was validated by MW-T and cigarettes. We got conclusions as below. 1) For the measurement of dense-end with the Dense-end Position Standard Parts, the average error of the measurement was 0.1646 mm and the maximum error was -0.2735 mm. 2) The average error between the measured value of the dense-end position with ordinary cigarettes and that of the MW4420 was 0.79 mm, which meets the actual production demand (≤1 mm). The model has high accuracy and good reliability, and can provide a favorable technical support for the dense-end position detection of cigarettes. It is helpful to improve the level of quality control in cigarette production, and inject the new vigor for the sustainable development of cigarette industry.

Monopoly Power upon the World of Work: A Workplace Analysis in the Logistics Segment Under Automation

ABSTRACT This paper aims to investigate the impact of monopoly power on the world of work within the logistics segment, particularly in the context of automation processes. We conduct a fieldwork analysis of three workplaces situated in Italy, each owned by distinct types of monopolies: a corporate monopoly, Philip Morris, the global leader in tobacco and cigarette production; a state-owned monopoly, Poste Italiane, the exclusive public provider of mail services within the national borders; and a novel form of digital monopoly that holds control over intangibles and exhibits monopsonistic control over labour — Amazon. Through a comparative examination of these three diverse forms of monopolies, utilising corporate-level metrics and patent data, we scrutinise the restructuring of labour processes following the introduction of Automated Guided Vehicles. Employing a qualitative analysis that includes semi-structured interviews with HR professionals, IT specialists, and workers, we underscore that powerful monopolies play a crucial role in shaping the trajectory of technological development, adoption, and utilisation. Despite notable distinctions observed among the three cases, we document a common trend of standardisation and codification of human activities when interfacing with automated machines.

Hydrochar Production from Cigarette Butts and Tobacco for Dye Adsorption

In this study, tobacco waste generated from cigarette and cigar production, as well as discarded cigarette butts resulting from cigarette use, were recycled and their use as adsorbent materials was investigated. For this purpose, both products underwent various thermal and chemical treatments and were converted into hydrochar form. Chemically activated hydrochar was used in dye removal experiments due to its high surface area and adsorbent properties. Malachite green was selected as the dye material for the project. Adsorption experiments were conducted at different initial concentrations, adsorbent doses, and contact times. In experiments on the removal of malachite green with butts and tobacco waste hydrochars, removal rates as high as 99% were obtained. As a result of adsorption experiments carried out with both hydrochars, it was observed that the adsorption fits the Langmuir isotherm model and the Pseudo-Second-Order kinetic model. Tobacco waste and discarded cigarette butts, which are cheap, readily available, and abundant, were found to be effective alternative adsorbents for malachite green removal.

Adolescents' Self-Reported Exposure to Advertisements for Flavored Tobacco Products After Implementation of a Statewide Ban on Flavored Tobacco Product Sales and Advertising in Massachusetts.

Massachusetts signed into law An Act Modernizing Tobacco Control (hereinafter, the Act) in 2019, which restricted retail sales of flavored tobacco products, including menthol cigarettes. This study assessed differences in advertising exposure to flavored tobacco products among adolescents in Massachusetts compared with adolescents in 4 neighboring states after passage of the Act. We collected monthly cross-sectional survey data from April 2021 through August 2022 among a convenience sample of adolescents (aged 13-17 y) in Massachusetts and 4 control states: Connecticut, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. We measured self-reported past-30-day exposure to advertising for flavored electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) products and flavored cigarettes or other tobacco products across 9 channels. After implementation of the Act, adolescents in Massachusetts, compared with adolescents in the 4 control states, reported significantly lower levels of exposure to advertisements for flavored e-cigarettes (convenience store: adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.80 [95% CI, 0.66-0.96]; supermarket/grocery store: AOR = 0.66 [95% CI, 0.52-0.84]; gas station: AOR = 0.61 [95% CI, 0.51-0.75]) and flavored cigarette/other tobacco products (convenience store: AOR = 0.69 [95% CI, 0.57-0.83]; supermarket/grocery store: AOR = 0.63 [95% CI, 0.49-0.79]; gas station: AOR = 0.55 [95% CI, 0.45-0.66]) in retail channels, which were the intended targets of the Act. We found no significant differences in flavored tobacco product advertising exposure for non-retail channels (television, radio, posters/billboards, newspapers/magazines, social media, and streaming services/movies in a theater). Future research should further examine the effects of statewide flavored tobacco sales restrictions on the availability of and exposure to advertisements for flavored tobacco products.

Sociodemographic and Smoking Characteristics Associated With Low Perceived Harm of "Organic" and "Additive-Free" Tobacco Products Among US Adults.

This study describes the prevalence and correlates of beliefs that "organic" and "additive-free" tobacco products are less harmful than conventional tobacco products among US adults, stratified by smoking status and preference for Natural American Spirit (NAS), a brand that uses "organic" and historically used "additive-free." We analyzed Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study Wave 6 data (n = 29516) for adults aged 18+ years and generated weighted prevalence estimates. We used weighted logistic regressions to model the odds of believing organic/additive-free tobacco products are "less harmful" versus "about the same" or "more harmful." Overall, 10.0% of adults, 15.3% of adults who smoke cigarettes, and 34.0% of adults who smoke NAS believed "organic" tobacco products were less harmful, with similar findings for "additive-free." Belief that "organic" products were less harmful was greater among people who were ages 18-34 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4, 1.9) or 35-54 (aOR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.1, 1.6), were Black (aOR: 1.3; 95% CI: 1.2, 1.5), currently smoke (aOR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.7, 2.3), or formerly smoke (aOR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.2, 1.6). Belief that "additive-free" products were less harmful was greater among males (aOR: 1.3; 95% CI: 1.1, 1.4) and people aged 18-34 (aOR: 1.3; 95% CI: 1.1, 1.5), who currently smoke (aOR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.7, 2.4) or who formerly smoke (aOR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.4, 2.0). Many adults who smoke, particularly those who smoke NAS, believe organic and additive-free tobacco products are less harmful than regular cigarettes. In light of recent changes in the tobacco marketing environment, this study provides an update on harm perceptions from "organic" and "additive-free" cigarette product descriptors. Results indicate that many US adults continue to believe that "organic" and "additive-free" tobacco products are less harmful tobacco products. These beliefs may continue to mislead people, as they are more prevalent among young people, people who identify as Black, males, people who smoke cigarettes, and those who smoke NAS cigarettes.

Introduction of nicotine analogue-containing oral pouch products in the United States.

In 2023, 6-methyl nicotine (6MN), a synthetic nicotine analog, was introduced in US-marketed electronic cigarette products advertised as exempt from regulation. It is unknown whether the use of 6MN has spread to other product categories. Industry reports, patent and trademark databases were searched for 6-methyl nicotine products. Identified trademarks 'Metatine', 'Nixotine', 'Imotine' were used to search for US-marketed products. Ingredient information was compared to US market-leading products, and safety warnings and regulatory statements were assessed in context with US state and federal regulations. Two US-based oral pouch brands, 'MG' and 'Hippotine' pouches, were identified in August 2024, advertised to contain 'Imotine'-trademarked 6MN. MG Pouches are marketed in four flavors, and 'Hippotine'-branded pouches are marketed in two flavors, likely representing banned flavor characterization in US state jurisdictions such as California. 6MN contents range 8-25 mg. Otherwise, the ingredient lists were almost identical across both product lines. Products list extensive addiction and health warnings, including warnings not to operate vehicles. Vendors state that these are not tobacco products, which implies that federal and state tobacco regulations do not apply. The spread of nicotine analogs to additional product categories, such as oral pouches, is concerning, especially given the high declared 6MN contents exceeding nicotine in popular US-marketed oral nicotine pouch products. Legislators and regulators need to provide certainty about the regulatory status of nicotine analogs to prevent further erosion of tobacco flavor bans and other regulations.

Reactions to a hypothetical reduced nicotine content cigarette policy among sexual- and gender-minoritized communities: a concept mapping study.

People who identify as sexual- and/or gender-minoritized (SGM) individuals have high prevalence of cigarette smoking. This study used concept mapping to examine anticipated reactions to a hypothetical cigarette nicotine reduction policy among SGM individuals in the United States. In 2022, SGM individuals who reported past-month cigarette smoking (mean age=33.3) were recruited from 44 U.S. states through Craigslist advertisements to complete an online study. Participants brainstormed statements completing the prompt, "If all cigarettes sold in the United States only had half the nicotine in them that they do now, a specific action I would take or a specific reaction I would have is..." Participants sorted statements by theme and rated statements based on how likely each reaction would be for them. Ninety participants completed at least one part of the study (56, 64, and 73 participants completing brainstorming, sorting, and rating respectively). Participants generated 100 statements that were organized into 7 thematic clusters using multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis. The clusters fell into three broad categories: 1) Thoughts and Reactions to the Ban, 2) Positive Preparations and Action Strategies, and 2) Maintaining Substance Use. The highest-rated clusters among participants were Questioning and Wondering (M=4.63), Negative Reactions (M=4.38), and Increasing Intake (4.30), while the lowest-rated cluster was Improving Public Health (M=3.56). A policy reducing nicotine content in cigarettes may have a positive impact on SGM individuals who smoke. Health communication campaigns highlighting the purpose and goals of the policy may increase receptiveness to a policy. People who identify as sexual- and gender-minoritized (SGM) individuals have higher prevalence of cigarette smoking compared to those who do not identify as SGM individuals. A policy reducing the nicotine content in cigarettes may promote smoking cessation or prevent cigarette initiation, and thus may have a greater impact on SGM people who smoke. However, data from the current study indicate that SGM individuals may be suspicious of the intentions of a policy setting a reduced nicotine content cigarette product standard. This study demonstrates that, while a reduced-nicotine content cigarette policy may have positive public health impacts, regulators should consider how the policy will be communicated to the public to increase the acceptability and effectiveness of the policy.

Characterization of volatile organic compound (VOC) emission from a cigarette production facility using Open-Path – Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (OP-FTIR) and pollution rose diagrams

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) constitute a significant component of atmospheric pollution, and accurate identification of their emission sources is crucial for formulating effective prevention and control strategies. This study integrated spectral technology with pollution rose diagrams to examine VOC emission patterns in complex environments such as industrial parks. Through a month-long field study at a cigarette factory, real-time concentration data for eight major VOCs were collected along with meteorological data. Pollution rose diagrams were utilized to illustrate the distribution of pollutant concentrations in different directions, aiding in the identification of potential VOC sources. These findings indicate that certain VOCs originate from specific production processes within factories, whereas others are linked to external emission sources. This methodology offers a more comprehensive understanding of VOC emissions than traditional point monitoring and facilitates precise source identification and pollution management strategies. Future studies could enhance the Open-Path Fourier Transform Infrared (OP-FTIR) setup and incorporate multiple open paths to improve the accuracy of VOC management decisions.

Evaluation and Proposal Repair Safety Culture Maturity Use Safety Model Canvas in Manufacturing Companies

PT. Rajawali Sumber Rejeki is one of the manufacturing companies that produces cigarettes in Indonesia. The cigarette production process involving large machines has a high potential risk of accidents for employees. This study assesses and proposes improvements to the company's safety culture maturity as a material for evaluating the company's K3 policy so that the number of work accidents in the production process can be minimized. The safety culture maturity assessment involves safety culture variables, namely commitment, leadership, responsibility, competence, engagement & involvement, information & communication, risk, and organizational learning. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires to 60 employees working in the company. Three expert judgments were also involved as determinants of the weight of the safety culture maturity variable using the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) method. In addition, fuzzy theory is also used to reduce the subjectivity of the company's safety culture maturity assessment results. Then the improvement proposal is given with a safety model canvassing based on the results of the safety culture maturity assessment. The results of the study showed that the safety culture maturity of PT. Rajawali Sumber Rejeki is 3.5 which is included in the Complaint level. Based on the safety canvassing model that has been created, the priority for improving the safety culture maturity variables from the first to the last is organizational learning, competence, commitment, information & communication, risk, engagement & involvement, responsibility, and finally the leadership variable.

Adaptive Prediction and Error Correction of Outlet Moisture Content in Rotary Drying Using Multivariate Linear Regression and Transfer Function Models

Abstract To achieve adaptive prediction and error correction of tobacco moisture content after rotary drying in cigarette production, hierarchical cluster analysis was employed to prune the drying parameters of cut tobacco. Leveraging the data characteristics observed during the drying process, we constructed a multivariate linear regression model and a transfer function model based on principal component analysis. For seamless implementation in a computer program, both forecasting models were discretized. The prediction error was corrected online using the moving average method and the second-order exponential smoothing method to enhance the models’ adaptive capability and prediction accuracy. Results from the production environment indicate that while the multivariate linear regression model can generally capture the overall trend of data changes, it falls short in accurately predicting local and real-time moisture variations. In contrast, the transfer function model, enhanced with second-order exponential smoothing, improved the root mean square error (RMSE) and the coefficient of determination (R2) to 0.052 and 0.779, respectively. This adaptive approach effectively accommodates the dynamic characteristics of the rotary drying process, captures random fluctuations in moisture, and delivers precise moisture predictions.

Quantitation of Vaporized γ-Aminobutyric Acid in Cigarette Smoke Extract From e-Cigarettes by the Combination of HPLC-Fluorescence Detection and Derivatization With DBD-F.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which has attracted much attention as a bioactive ingredient, is used in functional foods. Recently, electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) products for inhaling vaporized GABA have become commercially available. In this study, we developed a high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence method for detecting GABA derivatized with 4-(N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)-7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (DBD-F) in cigarette smoke extract (CSE). The vaporized GABA captured in CSE was derivatized with DBD-F under moderate conditions (80°C, 30 min). After chromatographic separation, the DBD-GABA derivative was detected at 437 and 558 nm. The calibration curve of GABA ranging from 10 to 20,000 ng/mL showed good linearity (more than 0.999). The limit of detection at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 was 1.1 ng/mL. The method was applied to the detection of GABA in e-liquid and CSE for two kinds of e-cigarette products, and the estimated collection efficiency of GABA was approximately 25%. Furthermore, the detection of minor components, such as glutamine, glutamic acid, and arginine, in the e-liquid proved that the GABA used in the e-cigarette was prepared by microbial fermentation.

Deep Neural Network-Based Cigarette Filter Defect Detection System with FPGA Acceleration for Online Recognition

In the cigarette manufacturing industry, machine vision and artificial intelligence algorithms have been employed to improve production efficiency by detecting product defects. However, achieving both high accuracy and real-time defect detection for cigarettes with complex patterns remains a challenge. To address these issues, this study proposes a model based on RESNET18, combined with a feature enhancement algorithm, to improve detection accuracy. Additionally, a method is designed to deploy the model on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) with high parallel processing capabilities to achieve high-speed detection. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed detection model achieves a detection accuracy of 95.88% on a cigarette filter defect dataset with an end-to-end detection speed of only 9.38 ms.

A comprehensive content analysis of 104 Chinese electronic cigarette manufacturing enterprise official websites

ObjectiveThe goal was to analyse website content of Chinese electronic (e) cigarette manufacturing enterprises and understand the marketing strategies to provide evidence for decision-makers to regulate manufacturers.MethodsThrough QCC.com, one of...

Analisis Produktivitas Menggunakan Objective Matrix (OMAX) pada lantai produksi Sigaret Kretek Mesin (SKM) PT. Nikorama Citra Tobacco

This study is centered on calculating the productivity of the SKM (rolled kretek cigarette) production floor work station of PT. Nikorama Citra Tobacco from 22 January 2024 to 29 February 2024 which aims to measure the level of productivity in the cigarette production process on the SKM production floor, identify key elements that have the greatest impact on the level of productivity achieved, and propose or recommend improvement steps to increase productivity in the production process on the SKM production floor. This research utilizes the objective matrix method (OMAX) by measuring two elements of productivity, namely the element of efficiency and the element of effectiveness. From these two elements of productivity, six measurement ratios are obtained, labor ratio, production output ratio, working hours ratio, defective product ratio, production time ratio. , engine ratio. The results of this research show that the productivity results of the SKM production floor fluctuate up and down due to the instability of the productivity ratio performance value where the highest productivity occurs on February 22 2024 and the worst productivity on January 22 2024, while the best ratio value occurs in the yield ratio. production and worst ratio values ??on machine ratios. The worst ratio value occurs in the machine ratio so improvements need to be made so that the productivity value can be more optimal.

Investigation of cellulose nanocrystals fabricated via sulfuric acid combined with deep eutectic solvent route

To make full use of tobacco waste in cigarette production and enhance resource utilization efficiency, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were prepared by a method of sulfuric acid combined with a deep eutectic solvent. This method was compared with conventional methods, and the CNCs were thoroughly characterized. The results indicated that the yield of CNCs prepared by the sulfuric acid combined with a deep eutectic solvent method exceeded 26 %, with the highest yield reaching 29.5 %, surpassing the yields from two other methods of 12.5 %, 17.2 %, corresponding to sulfuric acid and sulfuric acid-oxalic acid, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a laminar morphology of CNCs, in which the CNCs maintained a cellulose type I structure with well-preserved crystallinity. In addition, CNCs prepared by the sulfuric acid combined with a deep eutectic solvent method exhibited good thermal stability, with maximum mass loss at temperature of 342.8 °C during third pyrolysis stage, higher than that of sulfuric acid at 316.7 °C and sulfuric acid-oxalic acid at 335.9 °C. Steady-state rheological testing revealed that the viscosity of the CNCs suspension decreased with an increasing shear rate, which is characteristic of pseudoplastic fluid shear thinning behavior. CNCs prepared by the sulfuric acid combined with DES method reduced the amount of sulfuric acid, and the yield was much higher than that of the other two methods. Moreover, the method using sulfuric acid combined with DES method was simple and safe, and the obtained CNCs had high thermal stability and viscosity, which expands the application prospects in biocomposite material fields.

Effectiveness of educational training program on the knowledge of COTPA Act among the nonteaching staff of a tertiary care hospital.

Globally, tobacco is among the leading factors attributable to death. The nonteaching staff plays a pivotal role in making a campus a "tobacco-free zone." The objective of the study is to assess the effectiveness of an educational training program conducted on the Cigarette and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA) 2003 among nonteaching staff of a tertiary care hospital. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 500 nonteaching staff of a tertiary care hospital in the Raebareli district of Uttar Pradesh, India. An educational training program on COTPA 2003 was conducted in collaboration with the State Tobacco Control Cell. Data were collected before (pre-test) and after (post-test) the training program. A paired t-test was applied to compare both knowledge scores. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors associated with knowledge scores. Around 187 (37.4%) security personnel, 198 (39.6%) housekeeping staff and 115 (23%) hospital attendants participated in the study. The pre-test mean (± standard deviation (SD)) knowledge score was 4.91 ± 1.59 whereas post-test mean (± SD) knowledge score was 7.91 ± 1.42. The pre-test knowledge score was associated with residence, age, and history of tobacco consumption of study participants. The female gender was associated with the pre-test knowledge score having a standardized coefficient -0.49 (P value = 0.009). The post-test knowledge score was associated with a history of tobacco consumption with a standardized coefficient of 0.42 (P value = 0.012). The educational training program improved the knowledge of the study participants with maximum improvement among the housekeeping staff. The history of tobacco consumption emerged as a significant factor affecting knowledge even after the training program.

Prediction of typical gas components in cigarette smoke based on transformer

Abstract Harm reduction of cigarette products has become one of the primary objectives of the entire tobacco industry. The prediction of typical gas components (TGC) and dynamic adjustment of process parameters are crucial for cigarette coke reduction and harm reduction. In this study, a deep learning (DL)-assisted TGC prediction framework is proposed to predict CO and NI simultaneously. Firstly, a large number of experimental and simulation parameters of cigarette process are collected as the data base for subsequent model construction. Then, the feature importance analysis of the process parameters was carried out by combining the mechanism of the combustion process through the mutual information method. Finally, DL models based on Multilayer Perceptron, One-Dimension Convolutional Neural Network and Transformer (TF) was developed as data-driven surrogate models to establish the mapping relationship between process parameters and TGC. The results show that TF model generalizes best and can predict TGC quickly and accurately with R2 over 0.99. This work will provide a valuable predictive and decision-making tool for cigarette harm reduction.

Development and Implementation of a Portable Cigarette Filter Holes Recognition Device Based on Low-Power Image Sensor and High-Precision Coaxial Rotary Scanning

During the cigarette production process, the detection of holes in the filters presents an urgent challenge for manufacturers. Utilizing image sensors offers an effective solution to tackle this challenge effectively. While current detection devices mitigate this issue through the use of auxiliary light source technology and sophisticated deep learning image processing, they are often large-scale, stationary, and demand substantial computational resources. To overcome this limitation, a low-power battery-powered portable filter holes detection device is designed based on image processing to facilitate portability and sampling. Additionally, backlight transmission lighting components are employed to guarantee aperture definition after imaging. Furthermore, a filter holes recognition algorithm is proposed based on multi-threshold combination of computer vision (CV). The algorithm forms a plan view of the circumference of the cigarette by image stitching, then performs filter holes detection and filters the results. Experimental results show that operators can easily carry the device for sampling and testing, and can accurately perform filter holes detection, and the results provide valuable insights into the adjustment of system parameters in the cigarette production process. This device significantly aids in enhancing efficiency during the manual inspection processes both in the testing room and at the equipment stations.