Cigarette Packs Research Articles

Graphic Health Warnings on Cigarette Packages: Adolescents’ Emotive Reaction toward Smoking

This study aims to identify the prominent role of graphic health warnings on cigarette packets due to mediating evoked fear in impelling smoking considerations and behavior. The quantitatively designed study deployed a probability (simple random) sampling technique to collect the sample size (Yamane method) of 384 adolescents (smokers or non-smokers) living in the Abbottabad district of Pakistan. The study implemented the Hayes Process model for statistical examining the gathered data in SPSS 20. The empirical findings of the study depicted that perceived visibility of the graphic health warning threats has a positive impact in raising evoking emotions (fear, guilt, disgust), while perceived visibility significantly impacts the emotions (fear, guilt, disgust) of adolescents who smoke. Moreover, smoking status moderates the effects of guilty on the personal consideration of smoking. The results indicated the complete mediation for the indirect effect of the independent variable (perceived visibility) through mediators (fear, guilt, disgust) on dependent variables, i.e., personal and other people's attitudes toward smoking and beliefs about secondhand smoke. The novel empirical findings of the study revealed that adolescents who smoke have a higher level of fear and guilt than non-smokers. The study recommends using graphic warnings about the dangers of smoking to efficiently stimulate emotions in adolescents to manage adult smoking behavior.

The Influence of E-cigarette Warning Labels on Youths’ Use Intentions – A Mediation Analysis of Role of Perceived Harm

Background: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) were introduced to the United States marketplace in 2007 and had dominated all other tobacco products used by youth by 2014. In May 2016, the Food and Drug Administration extended the final rule to include e-cigarettes in implementing text-based health warnings on cigarette packs and advertising, as required by the 2009 Tobacco Control Act. This study tested the hypothesis that youth’s perceived harm of using e-cigarettes mediates the impact of seeing warning labels on their use intentions. Methods: We used a cross-sectional quantitative research design to analyze the 2019 National Youth Tobacco Survey data from 12,563 students in middle schools (grades 6 – 8) and high schools (grades 9 – 12) in the U.S. We conducted the 4-step Baron and Kenny Mediation Analysis using IBM SPSS® Hayes’ PROCESS macro analysis. Results: Our study revealed a mediational process’s presence, confirming the mediational role of youth’s perceived harm of e-cigarettes on the relationship between seeing a warning label and their use intentions. Conclusion: This study provided insights into the relationship between seeing warning labels and the intention to use e-cigarettes among youth. Through the Tobacco Control Act, influential warning labels potentially increase youth’s perception of harm in e-cigarettes, lowering their intention to use.

Exposure to occupational risk factors is associated with the severity and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) results from a complex interaction between genes and the environment, and occupational exposures are an underappreciated risk factor. Until now, little research attention has been paid to the potential impact of occupational risk factor exposure on the COPD in China. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze the role of occupational risk factor exposure on the severity and progression of COPD for exploring new prevention strategies for this disease. This study adopted a random cluster-sampling method. Five grade-A tertiary hospitals that met the inclusion criteria were selected as the survey sites, and patients with COPD hospitalized in these hospitals from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2019, were selected as the research subjects. Data of the patients diagnosed with COPD met the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (2019) criteria and were collected from the computerized medical record databases. Among 4082 investigated COPD patients, 1063 (26%) were found to have occupational risk factor exposure history. The top 3 industries with a large COPD case number and a history of occupational risk factor exposure ranked in the order of agriculture (including farming, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery), manufacturing, and mining. Further multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that when setting a low exposure level as a reference, medium and high exposure levels were correlated with the severity of COPD (odds ratio values were 2.837 and 6.201, respectively, P < .05). Linear regression analysis showed that cumulative exposure to occupational risk factors was negatively correlated with the forced expiratory volume in 1-second percentage of COPD patients, with a correlation coefficient of 0.68. Our results indicated that occupational risk factor exposure levels were related to the severity of COPD significantly. The incubation period of COPD in the exposure group was significantly shorter than that in the non-exposure group. To prevent worked-related COPD, special attention and control efforts should be taken to reduce the level of occupational risk factors such as organic dust, irritating chemicals, etc in the work environments, especially in the industries of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, manufacturing, and mining.

Behavioral economic relationship between cannabis and cigarettes: Evidence from hypothetical purchase tasks.

In the United States (U.S), cannabis policies have been increasingly liberalized whereas tobacco policies have been increasingly stringent. Given the high prevalence of cannabis and tobacco dual use, there are concerns that a policy regulating one substance may unintendedly influence the other. This study examined the responsiveness of the demand for cannabis joints and cigarettes when price varied. The study included 338 adult participants (21+) who used both cannabis and tobacco and lived in one of the U.S. states with recreational cannabis legalized by the time of interview in 2019. They completed hypothetical purchase tasks to indicate the quantity desired of cannabis joints and cigarette packs 1) when only one substance was available with escalating prices and 2) when both substances were concurrently available with escalating prices of cannabis joints and a fixed price of cigarette packs. We estimated 1) the own-price elasticity of demand for each substance using nonlinear exponential demand model, and 2) the cross-price elasticity of demand at aggregate level using nonlinear exponential demand model and at individual level using log-linear demand model. The estimates for the rate of change of own-price elasticity (α) were 0.0011 (SE=0.000039, p<0.001) for cannabis joints and 0.00095 (SE=0.000037, p<0.001) for cigarette packs. The aggregate-level estimates of cross-price elasticity (I=13.032, SE=0.34, p<0.001; β=0.0029, SE=0.0021, p>0.05) suggest an independent relationship between the two substances. At individual level, 78.70% of the participants treated the two substances as independent, 17.46% as complements, and 3.85% as substitutes. For most adults who used both cannabis and tobacco in the U.S., cannabis joints and cigarettes had an independent relationship. Policies regulating the price of cannabis may not have large unintended consequences on cigarette use.

Research on the Influence and Strategy of Cigarette Packages with Health Warnings on Consumer Perceptions and Consumer Demand

Nowadays, much more people are threatened by cigarettes. Many people die yearly because of cigarettes, leading to serious economic problems. This problem is very big in China because cigarette packaging is gorgeous. Compared with cigarettes in other countries, some pictures of health warnings will be inserted to guide people to stop smoking. This paper explores cigarette packaging with health warning pictures that affect smokers’ demand for cigarettes and its impact and strategies. Research on people of different ages and study the views of people of different ages on pictures with health warnings and whether they will continue to buy will be made to the people in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China. The investigation concluded the impact and strategy of changing packaging on the cigarette economy. It can be concluded that the packaging of cigarettes will have a great impact on smokers, as well as a serious attack on the economy.

Smoking, e-cigarettes and the effect on respiratory symptoms among a population sample of youth: Retrospective cohort study.

E-cigarettes have been steadily increasing in popularity, both as cessation methods for smoking and for recreational and social reasons. This increase in vaping may pose cardiovascular and respiratory risks. We aimed to assess respiratory symptoms in youth users of e-cigarettes and cigarettes. A retrospective survey design was utilized to assess Canadian youth aged 16-25 years. Participants were recruited from the Ontario Tobacco Research Unit Youth and Young Adult Research Registration Panel November 2020 to March 2021. A total of 3082 subjects completed the baseline survey. Of these, 2660 individuals who did not have asthma were included in the analysis. The exposure of interest was pack-equivalent years, a novel measure of vaping exposure equivalent conceptually to cigarette pack years incorporating number of puffs per day, number of days vaped per month, and number of years vaped. Respiratory symptoms were measured using the five-item Canadian Lung Health Test. Poisson regression analyses were performed while adjusting for demographic confounders, stratified by smoking status. A non-stratified model tested the interaction of status and vaping dose and the effect of vaping device used was assessed among ever vapers. Analyses controlled for demographic characteristics, use of cannabis and alcohol, and survey date. Each additional puff year increased the rate ratio (RR) of respiratory symptoms by a factor of 11.36 (95% CI: 4.61-28.00; p<0.001) for never smokers, but among current daily smokers higher pack-equivalent years were not associated with more respiratory symptoms (RR=0.83; 95% CI: 0.23-3.11). Among current vapers, those using pod-style devices were more likely to have more respiratory symptoms (RR=1.25; 95% CI: 1.08-1.45) after adjusting for dose. Vaping is associated with an increased risk of reporting respiratory symptoms among never smoking youth and non-daily ever cigarette smokers. Use of e-cigarettes among non-smokers should be discouraged.

Estimating the Size of Illicit Tobacco Market in Lithuania: Results from the Discarded Pack Collection Method.

For decades in Lithuania, the threat of illicit trade has been used to weaken evidence-based tobacco-control policies and to undermine efforts to reduce smoking prevalence and its attributable burden, while also depriving the government of much-needed tax revenue. The aim of this study is to estimate the size of the illicit cigarette market in Lithuania using data from a nationally representative discarded pack collection. The study employed a two-stage cluster design by first randomly selecting 65 well-defined population settlements (30 cities and 35 townships), representing both urban and rural areas, in all 10 counties in Lithuania. Next, we randomly selected 358 polling districts within these settlements. Each polling district had one route along which discarded packs were collected between September 2019 and 2020. In total, 28.9% (95% CIs = 27.7 to 30.1) of discarded cigarette packs were classified as illicit. The vast majority (90.1%) of illicit packs originated from Belarus with most (86.9%) packs produced in the Grodno Tobacco Factory Neman. Tax stamps were present on 93.6% of legal packs and also on 76% of illegal packs. Data from this study suggest that the illicit cigarette trade in Lithuania is more widespread than indicated by other methods and primarily supplied by the neighboring Belarus state-owned tobacco factory in Grodno. This signals the need to adopt Belarus-specific border control and security measures. This study presents data from the first national industry-independent study on illicit tobacco trade in Lithuania using discarded cigarette pack collection method. As customs seizure data show, our results also indicate that the illicit cigarette market is primarily supplied by Belarus state-owned Grodno Tobacco Factory Neman known for filling Europe with cheap cigarettes. An estimate derived from this study is higher than both the industry-independent estimate obtained by the survey method and the estimates offered by the tobacco industry. This adds to the evidence that the difference in estimates obtained by different methods reflects the strengths and weaknesses of each. The study also demonstrates the impact of a rogue neighbor on the illicit market in an adjacent country and offers suggestions on how to address it.

“You get past the packaging”: young women smokers’ resistance to standardized cigarette packaging

ABSTRACT We examined how young women construct and experience plain tobacco packaging. Forty-one Australian young women who are current smokers took part in this qualitative interview research. Data was analyzed using constructivist grounded theory, with the core category about the strategic ways young women resist plain tobacco packaging. The majority of women reported that plain packaging was unappealing and that the larger health warnings were shocking and offensive. However, almost all reported being desensitized to the graphic health warnings. The graphic warnings were seen as “fake” or lacking in credibility, and irrelevant to the women’s life stage. Importantly, the majority of women engaged in practices to strategically resist and avoid health warnings on the packs as a way to continue smoking. Our findings point to the need to develop health warnings on tobacco products that are gender specific and focus on proximal social consequences to increase salience for young women smokers.

The Death of Alexander the Great

The Death of Alexander the Great Zak Salih (bio) When they pass Mr. Nestor’s house, Mike asks his parents to turn on WMMS. A boy again, at twenty-one, in the back-seat of his parents’ car, his own car in the front drive with its broken transmission, asking Mom and Dad to play some music. Through their cigarette smoke, he watches the morning release the Cleveland suburbs from sleep. Cars and buses flash silver on their way downtown. Trees lie wrecked on lawns after last week’s storm. A mackerel cat stalks a finch along the eaves of the corner store. Mike’s mother turns the radio on. “—of 271 American lives lost this week, a stark report that—” She quickly changes the station. “—remains had recently arrived in New York City for her funeral, barred to reporters and the public, who nevertheless lined up to pay respects to the woman they said could make even the most rock-hearted man cry.” “So sad,” his mother says. She blows smoke out into the morning and starts to whistle “Somewhere Over the Rainbow.” Dead soldiers. Dead film stars. No one, on this station or WMMS or any other, says a word about Alexander, as if the brief mention Mike caught on the television news last night, between a segment on his brother and other hometown war heroes and sick elephants at the Metroparks Zoo, had been a mixed signal from another state, another universe. An old woman out for a morning walk in Trumbull Park had found the body left like litter in the meadow. A body later identified as Alexander Rush. Mike said nothing when he heard the name. He sat on the sofa and sucked his cigarette dry and remembered Alexander’s advice. Never look sad. They won’t pay for a crybaby. [End Page 107] The police mentioned guns, gangs, heroin. Mike’s father, high on his oldest son’s celebrity, scoffed. A woman held shaking hands to her face, spoke of a son she felt she’d never known, and Mike tried to find Alexander in the gaps between her fingers. During the weather, the lotto numbers, Mike thought of the cautionary films from high school about what heroin did to a body. The bleary eyes, the needle marks like bug bites, the inexplicable rage and paranoia. But Alexander hadn’t been angry or suspicious. His arms had been clean of everything save the scattered moles Mike liked to count when he was too nervous to look into Alexander’s eyes. Alexander had no need for heroin in Trumbull Park. The other boys, maybe. But not Alexander. Breathing in the backdraft of his parents’ exhaust, Mike yearns for his own pack of cigarettes, which he’s forgotten at home, which he can see on the garish yellow felt of the armchair in his bedroom. Sure, he could bum one of his mother’s White Horses or his father’s Solents, but Alexander had exclusively smoked Rothmans, which means Mike exclusively smokes Rothmans. To do otherwise, especially this morning, would feel sacrilegious. Goddamn cigarettes on the goddamn chair, he thinks. His mother brought the ugly beast home last year from an estate sale. A chair for listening to your music, she had said. Mike had seen right through the gift, of course, all the way down to her desperate desire to keep him safe from the violent world to which she’d handed over George, now off flying his planes somewhere in Southeast Asia. It was broken, too, the chair. The springs had long lost their tension, the weak wood slats on its underside felt ready to snap. Still, the chair wasn’t without its use. One evening, when Alexander was a no-show at the school, Mike had come home to his room, turned up WMMS, and pulled the slats out of the chair, one by one, like rotten teeth. Here, under a stack of bath towels, he stored the shoebox that held the money he’d made, his mother’s gift an illicit bank for the illicit income he had hoped to one day present to Alexander like an offering before a king...

Promoting Global Adult Tobacco Control in South-East Asian Region: Nine-year Retrospective Analysis using World Health Organization MPOWER

It is noted that fire without smoke smokeless tobacco is one of the major scourges in the South-east Asia subcontinent, particularly India. It not only includes adult men and women users but a sizeable chunk entails Indian teenagers. What is worrying though, the models attempting to capture the global usage does not really has much to offer due to paucity of global data. That said, World Health Organization (WHO) has been at the forefront foreshadowing trends and using myriad policy initiatives to help developing countries combat the malaise. Mpower is one such policy framework by the WHO to help countries implement and manage tobacco control, the success of this country-tailored demand reduction interventionist program has lifted a country like Turkey from being one of the highest puffers to drastically reducing its tobacco usage and free smoking indoors by 100%. MPOWER has shown a stellar performance in averting 7.4 million deaths, 30 countries with more than 1 billion people have best pictorially represented health warnings and labels, smoke-free laws and appropriate taxation rules to curb the menace. Aim: In light of aforementioned, the aim of this study was to perform the quantitative analysis of WHO report on tobacco control and to get an insight to what extend the program has been successful and the best practices that could potentially be replicated. Methodology: The MPOWER composite score was built by employing 6 MPOWER scores using the validated checklist outlined by Iranian and international tobacco control specialists in their study on tobacco control. The independent scores and cutoffs thereof were set in consonance with the key sections of the MPOWER 2011 report. Results: MPOWER composite scores that measured policy implementation were then linked to cigarette smoking prevalence and consumption data. An encouraging trend was observed, for example, the highest scores were observable in 2019 and there was noticeable increase in scores of adult daily smoking prevalence (&lt;15 years), cessation programs, and in health warning on cigarette packages. Laws are toothless without adequate intervention at ground level and it was patently clear from monitoring of prevalence data, for example, there was abysmally poor compliance rate, especially with respect to advertisements and other smoke –free policies. The results were mixed at best. Conclusion: The dozen countries present themselves as the best replica in the implementation and enforcement of tobacco control program; however, little tweaks here and there to tailor it in accordance with socio-cultural aspects of countries are warranted.

World Health Organization MPOWER for tobacco control in India: a 6-year retrospective analysis.

Prevalence and practices of tobacco usage in India are diverse and incongruent and Government of India has enacted various laws to overcome this burden. To make tobacco control measures effective and powerful, WHO introduced MPOWER in 2004 and India was one of the first countries that implemented the MPOWER. This study is aimed to quantify the implementation of MPOWER tobacco control policies in India. In this retrospective analysis, data was gathered from the WHO MPOWER of India from 2015 to 2021. This analysis was based on the checklist which was designed previously by Iranian and international tobacco control specialists in their study on tobacco control. In the present comparative analysis, India was categorized by scores and these were acquired from each indicator for each activity and 2021 year got the highest scores as compared to the previous year scores i.e. 27 in 2015. In context to individual indicators, noticeable increase in scores has been seen in both health warning on cigarette packages and adult daily smoking prevalence, whereas no progress was observed in smoking related policies. Although MPOWER programmes are widely accepted by the Indian government, but still substantial improvement in fewer sections is required.

A Design of a Visual Detector for Cigarette Pack Appearance Based on the Original Device

A Design of a Visual Detector for Cigarette Pack Appearance Based on the Original Device

Cigarette Package Image Registration Method Based on Feature of Single-Angle Region

Cigarette Package Image Registration Method Based on Feature of Single-Angle Region

Tutto l’ambaradan* intorno alla rimozione dei monumenti agli schiavisti: Critica (un po’) ragionata.

I’m writing this piece straight off, while in America and across the world riots are spreading following the death of George Perry Floyd, an African American man who died suffocated in Minneapolis after being brutally arrested and held on the ground by a policeman kneeling on his neck for the longest 9 minutes, for having paid a pack of cigarettes with a fake 20 dollar bill.&#x0D; The wave of protest, which brought thousands of people across the United States to the streets, with violent clashes and even some casualties, quickly spread throughout the western world: the theme of police violence and racism against African American communities have perhaps irreversibly shaken public opinion, especially the part that has been fighting for years for a change that is hard to see.&#x0D; In this small piece, I will not deal with the central question of this debate, being certain that I can only say obvious and banal things, but with my particular position on a related phenomenon, that of the removal, especially in Europe, of statues and symbols related to mythologized and heroic representation of people who have enriched themselves with the African slave trade.

한·중 공포소구 유형에 따른 담배 패키지디자인 경고이미지에 관한 연구

This study rearranged the concept and type of fear appeal, and suggested the type of warning image of cigarette package design. In order to analyze the current status and differences in the use of cigarette package warning images in Korea and China, 84 specific cases were analyzed for types, elements, and expression techniques. In conclusion, by type, it was confirmed that both Korea and China used the most personal damage warning images. In addition, in terms of the advertising stimulus range, it is necessary to use the area of the warning image to a large extent, present it in a highly noticeable position, and insert a warning image that applies various expression techniques. In terms of the advertising stimulation cycle, the need to present a variety of contents and to input warning images that are regularly revised with a large number is emerging. Based on the limitations of this study and the suggestions for future research, it is hoped that warning images can contribute to the execution of advertisements that can effectively provide a policy for smoking cessation.

The Relationship of Smoking Hazard Message to Smoking Behavior in Students of North Sumatra State Islamic University

&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="left" valign="top"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Cigarettes are still a problem in the world and in Indonesia. The policy of pictorial message on cigarette packaging is regulated in Permenkes No. 28 of 2013 concerning the inclusion of warnings and health information on tobacco product packaging. The purpose of this study is to determine the Effect of Cigarette Danger Messages on Cigarette Packs on Smoking Behavior of North Sumatra State Islamic University Students. This research is quantitative research with a cross-sectional research design. This research was conducted at the State Islamic University of North Sumatra. The research period began in January-August 2021. The population in this study was all male students of North Sumatra State Islamic University which amounted to 13,598 students. The sample in this study was as many as 400 respondents in male students of North Sumatra State Islamic University. The data analysis of this study is univariate analysis with descriptive and bivariate analysis with correlation test. The results showed that there was an association between smoking message images causing oral cancer (p-value &amp;lt;0.001 r = -0.596), smoking message images causing lung cancer (p-value &amp;lt;0.001 r = -0.620), smoking message images causing throat cancer 1 (p-value &amp;lt;0.001 r = -0.536), smoking images causing lung and larynx cancer (p-value &amp;lt;0.001 r = -0.537) and smoking images causing laryngeal cancer (p-value &amp;lt;0.001 r = -0.621) smoking behavior students of UIN North Sumatra. It is hoped that the Health Office and the Ministry of Health will review or update the images on cigarette packs with more effective ones to be enlarged in order to reduce the number of smokers in Indonesia.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Keywords:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; Cigarette hazard message; Smoking behavior; Student&lt;/em&gt;

Structural improvement and application of cigarette packets pusher for YB65A rigid strip packaging machine

The side baffle of the pusher plate of YB65A packaging machine is used to blocks and locates the cigarette pack. During the production, the cigarette pack contacts the side baffle surface of the pusher plate, causing obvious scratches on the surface of the cigarette pack, reducing the quality of the cigarette packs and causing potential quality hazards. To solve this problem, the distance between side baffle and cigarette packs is increased by redesigning the key parts of the pusher. The application results show that the scratches on the surface of cigarette pack have been solved, the production quality of cigarette pack has been improved.

The Portrayal of Female Figure on Greek Interwar Cigarette Packs as a Form of emancipation, Allure and Sexism

The Greek interwar period is indicative of the formation of the social class and moral profile of women in the rest of the twentieth century. It is the period during which small, but significant changes were observed in the personal and social status quo of the hitherto oppressed women in the province, but also in the large urban centers of the country. At the same time, many innovative changes took place in several mass production fields, rendering thus the interwar period an important experimental, but also pioneering era. One of these changes was the decision of the local tobacco companies to expand the sale of their products to the female consumer audience, following the promotion and sales model of western markets. The depiction of the female figure on Greek cigarette packs constituted a bold business initiative, as it was believed that in this way women would initially become familiar with and later would fervently adopt a product that was traditionally addressed to a male market. This research focuses on the dual interpretation of the use of sensual female figures in cigarette packets of the Greek interwar period both through the concepts of emancipation and liberation on the part of female consumers and through the concepts of sexism and gender inequality on the part of male consumers.

Drug use, risk perceptions and attitudes towards drug use amongst medical and dentistry students.

To analyse the use of psychoactive substances and the risk perceptions amongst odontology and medical students. To study their perceptions, attitudes and knowledge, and to evaluate their motivation when helping their patients to stop using these substances. A cross-sectional study was conducted amongst 962 students in Spain, using validated questionnaires on an anonymous basis. Amongst these students, drug use varies and increases with age as assessed by the DAST and CAST tests, with more problematic use being observed as the academic cycle progresses (p < .001). Participants in the 2nd cycle presented higher consumption than those in the 1st cycle, in the univariate model (OR=1.77, IC 95% 1.27-2.48, p=.001) and in the adjusted model (OR=1.86, IC 95% 1.32-2.62, p < .001). Regarding CAST, non-problematic use in the 1st cycle versus the 3rd cycle presented an OR=8.69 (IC 95% 4.50-16.78, p < .001) and for low risk use it presented an OR=15.18 (IC 95% 1.83-14.68). Only 46.7% considered using marijuana on a regular basis as a high risk, whilst 60.5% stated that smoking a pack of cigarettes represents a high risk. Alcohol was the substance for which the risk perception was lowest. 66.2% are in the maintenance stage "I provide my regular drug-using patients help to give up," with women being more likely to be in this stage (p=.012). High risk of drug use increases after the 1st cycle in Dentistry and in Medicine. Training programmes should be implemented in both degrees, focusing on the 1st years in order to simultaneously prevent drug use amongst students.

Current status of tobacco use, cessation and control policy in Korea

Background: Tobacco use is a leading cause of countless deaths and disabilities worldwide. An estimated 11 million Korean adults were still using tobacco in 2020, according to the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. This review aims to explain the current trends in tobacco use, sales, cessation, and control policies in South Korea.Current Concepts: Heated tobacco products (HTPs), a hybrid between conventional and electronic cigarettes, were first launched in South Korea in June 2017. Advertisements stating that HTPs are odorless, tar-free, and less harmful to health have caused sales of HTPs to grow quickly over the past 5 years, such that they account for about 15% of the total tobacco market. According to national smoking rate statistics and tobacco sales trends, declines in current smoking rates have slowed and even risen in some groups, and declines in total tobacco sales have slowed but also risen again during the coronavirus 19 pandemic. In addition, the number of visitors to smoking cessation clinics decreased just after the advent of HTPs and social distancing policies triggered by the coronavirus. Nicotine replacement therapy can serve as a drug therapy for smoking cessation, or bupropion and varenicline can be prescribed. Korea’s representative tobacco control policies include the tax increase policy, non-smoking area policy, cigarette pack warning picture policy, and support policy for visiting smoking cessation clinics.Discussion and Conclusion: There is a pressing need to reflect tobacco control policies in line with changes in tobacco user behaviors and tobacco company marketing strategies.