Cigarette Manufacturers Research Articles

Kompetisi dan Posisi Tubuh Perempuan dalam Iklan Rokok: Analisis Wacana Kritis Pada Novel “Gadis Kretek” Karya Ratih Kumala

Using women's bodies in product marketing advertisements is nothing new. The female body is deliberately presented as a marketing strategy. In practice, it is not uncommon for women to be categorized into three trinities, namely, girl, wife, and entertainer. What's worse, this is justified and reproduced by various media. The Gadis Kretek novel is a literary work that juxtaposes the female body with cigarette advertisements. This research was conducted to uncover how women's bodies are selected, used, and displayed for marketing activities of cigarette products that are attached to men by society and become a symbol of masculinity. The method that will be used as a data analysis tool is Norman Fairclough's critical discourse analysis, which focuses on aspects of linguistic practice, discursive practice, and social practice. The results of this study indicate that in product promotion, the female body is used as a desire production machine that will attract potential buyers. Women in ad frames are also categorized based on the Girl-Wife-Entertainer trinity, where the three of them have their own identities but are still presented as complements to men. From this research, it can be seen that literary works also commodify discourses on beauty and the female body. The female body seems to be an affirmation of the construction of masculinity.

Compliance, enablers and barriers to implementation of the cigarette and other tobacco products act, in Jodhpur, Rajasthan

Section 6 of the cigarette and other tobacco products act (COTPA) of India, lays down provisions and offences against tobacco sale to minors and near educational institutions. Considering well-documented violations and the significance of its better implementation, this study was planned to assess the knowledge and attitudes and compliance regarding provisions of COTPA section 6 among stakeholders, and identify potential enablers and barriers to implementation of the act. A cross-sectional study was conducted in ten senior secondary schools, two each from 5 zones of Jodhpur district. Principal and staff were interviewed to assess their knowledge and awareness, while a checklist was used to observe the compliance in the vicinity of schools. In-depth interviews were conducted amongst stakeholders to identify enablers and barriers. Only nine (45%) participants were aware about COTPA and six (30%) knew whom to report any violation. 60% schools had international “no smoking” signage and vendors were observed near 50% of the schools. Sale to minors was observed at two such stalls. Observed barriers were related to law and act, implementing personnel and community. Sensitisation of health hazards, intersectoral collaborations with prompt reporting might enhance compliance towards the law.

Metal Concentrations in E-Cigarette Aerosol Samples: A Comparison by Device Type and Flavor.

The rapid evolution of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) products warrants surveillance of the differences in exposure across device types-modifiable devices (MODs), cartridge ("pod")-containing devices (PODs), disposable PODs (d-PODs)-and flavors of the products available on the market. This study aimed to measure and compare metal aerosol concentrations by device type and common flavors. We collected aerosol from 104 MODs, 67 PODs (four brands: JUUL, Bo, Suorin, PHIX), and 23 d-PODs (three brands: ZPOD, Bidi, Stig) via droplet deposition in a series of conical pipette tips. Metals and metalloids [aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), tin (Sn), and zinc (Zn)] were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), results were log-transformed for statistical analysis, and concentrations are reported in aerosol units (). Of the 12 elements analyzed, concentrations were statistically significantly higher in MOD devices, except for Co and Ni, which were higher in PODs and d-PODs. Of the POD brands analyzed, PHIX had the highest median concentrations among four metals (Al, Ni, Pb, and Sn) compared to the rest of the POD brands. According to POD flavor, seven metals were three to seven orders of magnitude higher in tobacco-flavored aerosol compared to those in mint and mango flavors. Among the d-POD brands, concentrations of four metals (Al, Cu, Ni, and Pb) were higher in the ZPOD brand than in Bidi Stick and Stig devices. According to d-POD flavor, only Cr concentrations were found to be statistically significantly higher in mint than tobacco-flavored d-PODs. We observed wide variability in aerosol metal concentrations within and between the different e-cigarette device types, brands, and flavors. Overall, MOD devices generated aerosols with higher metal concentrations than PODs and d-PODs, and tobacco-flavored aerosols contained the highest metal concentrations. Continued research is needed to evaluate additional factors (i.e., nicotine type) that contribute to metal exposure from new and emerging e-cigarette devices in order to inform policy. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11921.

Analysis of High School Students' Pocket Money Use in Smoking Behavior

Indonesia is part of the world's largest cigarette production. Smoking behavior has become a common addictive behavior in Indonesia. For most teenagers, smoking behavior has become a common thing, but parents consider it as something that has a negative connotation. Smoking is an activity that is currently much loved by Indonesian teenagers. Attempts at restrictions related to smoking behavior are very difficult. Many negative effects can be caused by smoking. Cigarettes when consumed can be a source of various health problems such as cancer, heart, and respiratory disorders, as well as other things that are certainly a health hazard for the smoker. The existence of these conditions, of course, endangers the younger generation, and there must be Prevention of smoking activities carried out by young children. This study used literature study research methods. This study uses data collection techniques using secondary data. This study involved cigarette users consisting of high school children. The results of this study showed that high school children in Singkawang City, West Kalimantan use their money to buy cigarettes. Some of those who filled out the survey data knew about cigarettes through the intermediary of friends. The problem of smoking in today's era is that of course it will indirectly harm many people who are around smokers because the user is exposed to cigarette smoke.

Strategic Performance Management Based on Cigarette Production and Operation Big Data

Abstract The traditional strategic performance management of cigarette enterprises is not sufficiently comprehensive and objective. This paper constructs a big data model of cigarette production and sales by collecting production and operation data, using the primary sliding average method of time series analysis to forecast the short-term sales of cigarettes, and combining it with the coefficient of the dynamic sales ratio. The operational big data is applied to strategic performance management under the balanced scorecard, and the performance management index system is constructed with strategic orientation in mind. Based on the production and sales data of Cigarette Factory S, the weights of the indicators are determined and applied to the empirical study. The scores of the indicators of finance, customer, internal operation learning and growth of Cigarette Factory S are 78.14, 82.29, 87.07 and 81.68, respectively. The performance management system of the Cigarette Factory under the strategic orientation is feasible.

Impact of Vaping on Lungs: An Indian Prospect.

Electronic cigarettes, or vape pens, have gained popularity among young people due to their attractive appearance, but they also have numerous side effects. These devices come in various shapes, sizes, and costs, with many brands and various flavors to choose from. As of now, there are around 2,807 people hospitalized in the United States due to vaping. Electronic cigarettes are illegal in many countries, with laws varying from country to country. The health service has been criticized for the implementation of the ban, with states implementing month-long drives and submitting reports. The Indian Police have also conducted raids and arrested five individuals under the 2019 ban on Electronic Cigarettes (Production, Manufacture, Trade, Transport, Sale, Distribution, Storage, and Advertisement) Act. The history of vapes can be traced back to the invention of the first electric vaporizer in 1927 by Joseph Robinson. Other pioneers like Herbert Gilbert and Jed Rose developed nicotine fixes using refined smoke. The vape was made in 2003 by Chinese smoker Hon Lik, who created the device as a better option to traditional smoking.

Public awareness, prevalence, and regulations for the sale of electronic cigarettes in Arab countries: A narrative review.

The majority of the Arab countries have high records of daily tobacco smoking. Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) use has exponentially increased in the past decade in Arab countries. Consumers' willingness to quit smoking traditional cigarettes and their perception of e-cigarettes as a safer alternative to conventional cigarettes have increased the demand for these devices. This narrative review aimed to gather and discuss the available literature on the awareness, prevalence, and sales regulations of e-cigarettes in Arab countries. A search was conducted on electronic databases such as PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar with no time limits until the end of 2021. Some of the recent studies (2019-2021) considered in this review have reported that more than 25% of participants were e-cigarettes users. The prevalence of e-cigarettes has increased drastically with raised awareness of e-cigarettes among the population in these Arab countries. Most of the users of e-cigarettes are young males. In addition, an increase in e-cigarettes use has been reported in females. The policies which regulate trade and sale of e-cigarettes and related products were issued in only three Arab countries. In contrast, regulations for the trade and sale of traditional cigarette products are also applied in some countries to e-cigarette products, banning the sale of e-cigarettes to minors and/or amend smoke-free laws to restrict public use of e-cigarettes. There is a need for a concerted effort to assess the prevalence and significant rise of e-cigarettes consumption in Arab societies to help implement and improve harm reduction policies.

Smoking status of medical students and changes during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract Background Smoking is a major public health threat that contributes to many diseases and deaths. This study aimed to investigate cigarette and alternative tobacco products (ATP) use and knowledge among students. Additionally, changes in smoking prevalence and contributing factors during the COVID-19 pandemic were examined. Methods The cross-sectional, anonymous online survey was conducted among students from the Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, by sending e-mails with links, during November-December 2022. Our study population consisted of 783 students with a mean age of 22.7±2.7 years; 68.1 % of students studied in Slovak; 67.0 % of respondents were female; 21.8% did not have COVID-19, and 6.6% were not vaccinated. The data were analyzed by SPSS 25. Results Out of these, 89 were current smokers (11.4%), 216 ex-smokers (27.6%), and 478 non-smokers (61.0%) in the study sample, significantly higher number of smokers were men (16.2% vs 9.1%; p = 0.004), more foreigners (9.4% vs 15.6%; p = 0.021). A total of 170 medical students (21.8%) reported using any kind of alternative tobacco product, with a significant intersexual difference (27.4% males vs. 18.9% females; p < 0.001), more Slovaks (22.9% vs. 19.4%; p = 0.503). The pandemic did not affect a significant change in classic nicotine product intake for 11.4%; 11.8% of students decrease intake; while 8.0% increased their intake. 17.5% of users of ATP did not change their habits during the pandemic; 7.0% of students decrease intake; 12.6% increased. Respondents who were smokers and ex-smokers reported an increase in alcohol consumption during the pandemic more frequently than non-smokers (23.6% and 21.5% vs. 10.7%, respectively). Conclusions The results show the high consumption of different tobacco products, and the lack of knowledge and awareness among medical students, future healthcare providers, who should serve as a model for their patients and the public. Supported by KEGA 015UK-4/2022 Key messages • As future healthcare providers, medical students will play key role in health promotion and disease prevention, and they should serve as a model for their patients and the general public as well. • Our study emphasizes increasing awareness and education regarding tobacco use and the need for intervention in the field of disease prevention at medical faculties.

Exposure to and Appeal of Tobacco Ads and Displays in China: A Qualitative Exploration of Chinese Youth Perceptions.

Adolescents are uniquely vulnerable to nicotine addiction, and smoking is common among male adolescents in China. Although China implemented a ban on cigarette and e-cigarette advertising in public places, Chinese youth remain exposed to this marketing, which may contribute to future use. From December 2021 to January 2022, we conducted 20 online focus group discussions with 119 adolescents in 10 Chinese cities to explore sources of tobacco marketing exposure, defined as exposure to cigarette and e-cigarette ads and product displays, and what features made marketing attractive. All groups discussed exposure to tobacco ads/displays in public places, including locations near their home or school. Nearly all groups discussed that exposure to online tobacco ads was common, particularly exposure to e-cigarette commercial ads and posts made by classmates or friends selling e-cigarettes. Most groups identified how eye-catching colors, imagery, product packaging, and price promotions featured in e-cigarette ads/displays attracted their attention. Results suggest Chinese adolescents are exposed to cigarette and e-cigarette ads and displays, many of which are placed in youth-friendly locations and contain youth-appealing features. Only a handful of studies have examined the influence of cigarette and e-cigarette advertising on youth in the context of China. Prior research has established the relationship between youth exposure to tobacco marketing and increased susceptibility to future use. Our findings emphasize the importance of effectively enforcing and expanding restrictions on cigarette and e-cigarette marketing in order to protect youth from exposure and future smoking/vaping initiation.

Photometric Monitoring of Electronic Cigarette Puff Topography.

To study and monitor the adverse health consequences of using electronic cigarettes, a user's puff topography, which are quantification parameters of the user's vaping habits, plays a central role. In this work, we introduce a topography sensor to measure the mass of total particulate matter generated in every puff and to estimate the nicotine yield. The sensor is compact and low-cost, and is integrated into the electronic cigarette device to promptly and conveniently monitor the user's daily puff topography. The topography sensor is comprised of a photometric sensor and a pressure sensor. The photometric sensor measures the mass concentration of the aerosol, based on scattering of near-infrared light from airborne particles, while the pressure sensor measures the flow rate. The topography sensor was tested under various conditions including a wide range of atomizer power, puff duration, and inhalation pressure. The sensor's accuracy was validated by comparing the sensor's readings with reference measurements, and the results matched closely with the trends reported by existing studies on electronic cigarettes. An example application for tracking a user's puff topography was also demonstrated. Our topography sensor holds great promise in mitigating the health risks of vaping, and in promoting quality control of electronic cigarette products.

Design, Development of a Diversified Implemention of a Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition based VLSI System (SCADA) framework Utilizing Microcontroller based Programmable Logic Controllers

In this paper, the designing & implementing of a supervisory control and data acquisition system (SCADA) framework utilizing microcontroller based programmable logic controllers is presented in brief with some of the simulated results. This article shows the automation of a process by interfacing a weighing balance with Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition System (SCADA) through a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). The research work was taken up as a part of the consultation work at a cigarette manufacturing firm. The detailed study of the entire cigarette manufacturing process revealed that after the processing of tobacco, which is the final stage in the production department, the processed tobacco is weighed in bins on a weighing balance and manually recorded by an operator. The operator has to keep a count of the bins and sum them up at the end of the day. This involves consumption of time and human labor. The aim of our research work is to automate this process so that the information regarding various blends of cigarette and their respective weights can be made available at every PC terminal at the end of the day. For storing this information, we are using the MS-Excel spreadsheet and writing in it with the help of SCADA script. The work discusses in detail the design, architecture, programming and implementation of a PLC. It also covers the various features offered by the SCADA software and also deals with the interfacing of the PLC and SCADA. The interface RS232C / RS485 is used. This work is an online research project which has now been implemented in the firm and yielding desired results. The simulated & experimental results shows the power of the methodology that has been developed in this research paper.

Vaping lung damage (review)

The review presents data from meta-analyses and original studies on the study of the vapers disease electronic cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) a new nosological form in patients with acute and subacute respiratory diseases caused by the consumption of electronic nicotine delivery vehicles, or vaping. The number of users are growing in around the world, especially among young people. According to a 2022 meta-analysis, the global prevalence of vaping use was 23%, including 16% in women and 22% in men. Prevalence of electronic nicotine delivery systems among cigarette smokers reached 43%, while on different continents, except for Asia, during the life it was approximately the same: in America 24%, Europe 26%, Asia 16%, Oceania 25%. Vaping rates among children aged 15 to 17 are almost four times (21.3%) higher than those aged 1214 (5.4%). Two-thirds (66.1%) of children aged 12 to 17 using electronic nicotine delivery devices were also smokers, while they started with vapes. Nicotine cartridges used by 89.3% of teen vapers aged 15 to 19 years. Vaping lung diseases have been reported since invention e-cigarettes, but the number of cases increased sharply at the end of September 2019, and by February In 2020, the number of hospitalized patients in the United States reached 2807, with 68 confirmed deaths. Most of the cases are male adolescents and men aged 1334 years. The review discusses the etiology, clinical picture, imaging findings, pathological EVALI features. When examining patients with EVALI, computed tomography revealed images characteristic of acute lung injury and pneumonia, as well as those resembling non-fibrous hypersensitivity pneumonitis, acute eosinophilic pneumonia. The article discusses the main differences between these diseases and the computed tomography picture of COVID-19. Before EVALI, vaping was associated with a wide range of pulmonary manifestations, including lipoid pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Although the overall prevalence of EVALI has declined sharply compared to with a peak in September 2019, other chemicals may appear that cause various pulmonary diseases associated with vaping. EVALI is a new nosological form in patients with acute and subacute respiratory diseases caused by lung damage due to the use of electronic means delivery of nicotine. The appearance of radiographic images in EVALI is diverse: from bilateral opacities in the lungs to reveal centrilobular nodules resembling non-fibrous hypersensitivity pneumonitis. When interpreting acute lung injury in young people, the possibility of EVALI should be considered.

Enhance the Overseas Market Competitiveness of Chinese Cigarette Brands

Enhancing the competitiveness of Chinese cigarette brands on the global stage requires competition with Western tobacco companies. Factors favoring Chinese cigarette products in foreign trade analysis are numerous. To improve the competitiveness of Chinese cigarette brands in the global market, it is essential not only to venture abroad and engage in learning and research but also to have institutional and talent support.

Preparation of Electrospun Composite PEG/PVP Phase-Change Nanofibers and their Application in Cigarette Cooling Filters

Abstract Composite phase-change nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning with polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the phase-change material (PCM) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as the carrier matrix. The high PEG content endowed the nanofibers with an excellent cooling effect and significantly reduced the smoke temperature. For PEG70/PVP nanofibers, the smoke temperature can be decreased 45℃ at the 8th puff, and be kept below 45℃. The cooling test proved that the electrospun PEG/PVP phase-change nanofibers exhibited a desirable cooling performance, improving the comfort of cigarette products. And the composite PEG/PVP phase-change nanofibers present great potential as the cooling cigarette filter material for HnB tobacco application.

Menthol and Other Flavor Chemicals in Cigarettes from Vietnam and the Philippines.

Tobacco product flavors can increase product appeal, adolescent initiation and experimentation, and difficulty quitting. Flavored tobacco products are not restricted in Vietnam or the Philippines despite the high smoking prevalence among those 15 years of age and older (24% and 23%, respectively). There are no published reports to our knowledge on the levels of flavor chemicals in the cigarettes sold in these two countries. Cigarettes were purchased in Vietnam (32 brand variants) and the Philippines (19 brand variants) during 2020. Chemical analyses gave the mg/filter, mg/rod, and mg/stick (= mg/(filter + rod)) values for 180 individual flavor chemicals. Values were calculated for menthol, clove-related compounds, and "other flavor chemicals" (OFCs). Five flavor groupings were found among the brand variants purchased in Vietnam: menthol + OFCs (n = 15), OFCs only (n = 8), nonflavored (n = 7), menthol + OFCs with a clove flavorant (n = 1) and menthol only (n = 1). Three flavor groupings were found among the brand variants purchased in the Philippines: menthol + OFCs (n = 10), nonflavored (n = 5), and menthol only (n = 4). A range of flavored cigarette products are being offered by tobacco companies in Vietnam and the Philippines, presumably to maximize cigarette sales. Regulation of flavor chemicals should be considered in these two countries. Article 9 of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), ratified by both Vietnam and the Philippines, states that "there is no justification for permitting the use of ingredients, such as flavoring agents, which help make tobacco products attractive." Flavors increase product appeal, adolescent initiation and experimentation, and difficulty quitting. These analyses found that cigarettes purchased in Vietnam and the Philippines contained menthol and other flavor chemicals. Tobacco companies are offering multiple flavor chemical profiles and nominally nonflavored versions in these countries; regulation of flavor chemicals should be considered in these two countries.

A rare case of acute eosinophilic pneumonia induced by vaping-associated lung injury: a case report

BackgroundAcute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) is well-known as one of the primary eosinophilic pulmonary diseases of unknown etiology. It’s defined as a febrile illness along with acute onset respiratory failure that is commonly misdiagnosed at the initial presentation as infectious pneumonia. Despite the fact that AEP sometimes classified as idiopathic as no exact cause can be identified in most cases, it has been suggested recently to be linked with electronic cigarette or vaping products and associated with electronic cigarette or vaping associated lung injury (EVALI). Therefore, history of recent tobacco smoking or vaping exposure along with peripheral eosinophilia are crucial clinical findings suggestive of AEP.Case presentationA previously healthy 17-year-old female presented to the Emergency Room with one day history of progressively worsening shortness of breath accompanied by left sided pleuritic chest pain and fever. She wasn’t taking any medications, denied traditional cigarette smoking, exposure to pulmonary irritants, recent travel and had no history of close contact with sick patient. She recently started vaping 20 days prior to the presentation. Initially, she was admitted with a presumptive diagnosis of atypical pneumonia but was found to have AEP due to a recent vaping exposure.ConclusionVaping is a well-known health hazard that has become a growing trend among adolescents and have been promoted as a safe and effective alternative to traditional cigarettes. The etiology of AEP remains unclear, but many studies suggest a possible link with recent tobacco smoking or vaping. A key challenge for this clinical entity is to reach the diagnosis after excluding all other pulmonary eosinophilia causes, and it has an excellent prognosis if diagnosed early and treated appropriately.

Perbandingan Pendekatan Breadth First Search, Depth First Search dan Best First Search Pada Pencarian Rute Menggunakan Metode Branch and Bound

A Travelling Salesman often encounters a problem where they have to find the shortest route that can be passed when they want to visit several places without having to go to the same place more than once. So, it is necessary to find the shortest route that is useful for efficient distribution. The Travelling Salesman Problem is solved using the branch and bound method with three different approaches: Breadth First Search, Depth First Search, and Best First Search. These three approaches will be compared regarding their effectiveness and efficiency. The case study used is a team of cigarette product sellers in the Kuningan area who will distribute their products to four villages. The route currently in use is from Warehouse → Karangmangu Village → Jalaksana Village → Peusing Village → Sidamulya Village → Warehouse with a distance of 19,8 km. The result of this study obtained the shortest route with the path from Warehouse → Karangmangu Village → Sidamulya Village → Peusing Village → Jalaksana Village → Warehouse with a distance of 19,7 km. And the comparison result obtained is that The Breadth First Search approach requires more calculations with 28 calculations, while The Depth First Search approach requires 25 calculations, and The Best First Search approach requires 23 calculations.

Public Perceptions and Discussions of the US Food and Drug Administration's JUUL Ban Policy on Twitter: Observational Study.

On June 23, 2022, the US Food and Drug Administration announced a JUUL ban policy, to ban all vaping and electronic cigarette products sold by Juul Labs. This study aims to understand public perceptions and discussions of this policy using Twitter (subsequently rebranded as X) data. Using the Twitter streaming application programming interface, 17,007 tweets potentially related to the JUUL ban policy were collected between June 22, 2022, and July 25, 2022. Based on 2600 hand-coded tweets, a deep learning model (RoBERTa) was trained to classify all tweets into propolicy, antipolicy, neutral, and irrelevant categories. A deep learning model (M3 model) was used to estimate basic demographics (such as age and gender) of Twitter users. Furthermore, major topics were identified using latent Dirichlet allocation modeling. A logistic regression model was used to examine the association of different Twitter users with their attitudes toward the policy. Among 10,480 tweets related to the JUUL ban policy, there were similar proportions of propolicy and antipolicy tweets (n=2777, 26.5% vs n=2666, 25.44%). Major propolicy topics included "JUUL causes youth addition," "market surge of JUUL," and "health effects of JUUL." In contrast, major antipolicy topics included "cigarette should be banned instead of JUUL," "against the irrational policy," and "emotional catharsis." Twitter users older than 29 years were more likely to be propolicy (have a positive attitude toward the JUUL ban policy) than those younger than 29 years. Our study showed that the public showed different responses to the JUUL ban policy, which varies depending on the demographic characteristics of Twitter users. Our findings could provide valuable information to the Food and Drug Administration for future electronic cigarette and other tobacco product regulations.

Trends in the use and dual use of factory-made combustible cigarettes, other tobacco products and electronic cigarettes: Results from South African Social Attitudes Surveys during 2007 to 2018.

Using more than one tobacco product increases the risk of tobacco-related diseases. We investigated trends in the prevalence and dual use of factory-made (FM) cigarettes, other tobacco products, and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) in South Africa over a 12-year period. Data from five waves (2007, 2010, 2011, 2017, and 2018) of the South African Social Attitudes Survey (n=14582) were analyzed. The use of FM, roll-your-own (RYO) cigarettes, cigars, waterpipe, smokeless tobacco (SLT), any combustible tobacco products (CTP), any tobacco product (ATP) use, and e-cigarettes was investigated. The dual use of FM cigarettes with either SLT, waterpipe or e-cigarettes was also explored. Chi-squared analyses and regression models were used to explore trends in prevalence over the 12-year period. About 51% of the participants were female, and 51.9% were aged 16-34 years. CTP smoking significantly increased from 18.1% (2010) to 23.6% (2018) (p=0.015), while ATPU increased from 20.2% (2010) to 25.9% (2018) (p=0.005). Though dual use of FM cigarettes and SLT, waterpipe, or e-cigarettes was generally low, the prevalence of dual use significantly increased for all product combinations investigated: FM cigarettes and SLT (0.5% in 2007 to 1.3% in 2018, p=0.017), FM cigarettes and waterpipe (0.9% in 2010 to 2.5% in 2018, p=0.014), FM cigarettes and e-cigarettes (0.4% in 2010 to 1.8% in 2018, p<0.001). Compared to 2010, the odds of the prevalence of CTP and ATP use significantly increased by 37% in 2018 (adjusted odds ratio, AOR=1.37; 95% CI: 1.06-1.77; p=0.018 and AOR=1.37; 95% CI: 1.08-1.73; p=0.009, respectively) during the 12-year period after adjusting for demographic characteristics. The use and dual use of tobacco and electronic cigarette products have been increasing in recent years in South Africa. Interventions to help users quit and prevent young people from initiating use are urgently needed to curb these increases.

The Influence of Promotion, Price, And Product Quality on Purchase Decision of Mild Cigarette Product

This study aims to determine the effect of promotion, price, and product quality on purchase decision of mild cigaratte product (consumer study on Sampoerna A Mild in Malang City). This type of research was an explanatory research with quantitative methods. This study used a sample of 100 respondents and sampling used non-probability sampling techniques by using the purposive sampling method. The criteria required for respondents in this study are at least 18 years old, have or are currently consuming Sampoerna A Mild, and live in Malang City. Measurement of the value of question items in the questionnaire ussed a Likert scale with a score of 1-5. This study used the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to conduct validity test, reliability test, and classical assumption test. Data analysis techniques applied multiple linear regression tests. Hypothesis test was also carried out to test hypotheses partially and dominantly. Based on the results of hypothesis testing, the variables of promotion (X1), price (X2), and product quality (X3) each has a partially and simultance significant effect on purchase decisions with product quality (X3) as the dominant influential variable. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh promosi, harga dan kualitas produk terhadap keputusan pembelian produk rokok mild (studi konsumen pada Sampoerna A Mild di Kota Malang). Jenis penelitian ini adalah explanatory research dengan metode kuantitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel sebanyak 100 responden, Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik non probability sampling dengan metode purposive sampling. Kriteria responden yang dibutuhkan dalam penelitian ini adalah berusia minimal 18 tahun, pernah atau sedang mengkonsumsi Sampoerna A Mild dan berdomisili di Kota Malang. Pengukuran nilai item pertanyaan dalam kuesioner menggunakan skala likert dengan skor 1-5. Penelitian ini menggunakan Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) untuk melakukan uji validitas, uji reliabilitas dan uji asumsi klasik. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji regresi linear berganda. Uji hipotesis dilakukan untuk menguji hipotesis secara parsial, simultan dan dominan. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian hipotesis diperoleh data variabel promosi (X1), harga (X2), dan kualitas produk (X3) masing-masing berpengaruh signifikan secara parsial dan simultan terhadap keputusan pembelian, dengan kualitas produk (X3) sebagai variabel yang berpengaruh dominan.