ORCID Research Articles

Editorial

We are pleased to announce several innovations at SComS. In July, SComS was added to the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). This gives our young open access journal more visibility and connects us even better with the growing community dedicated to developing open access journals and making scientific knowledge accessible. In addition, there are technical innovations on the Submission Platform. Authors can now directly enter their ORCID ID as part of the submission process and link their papers to their unique researcher ID. In case you are not familiar with ORCID, you can find more information on https://orcid.org. Let us now turn our attention from future issues to this issue of SComS. It contains four articles in the General Section, a Thematic Section entitled “Critical perspectives on migration in discourse and communication,” and two book reviews in the Reviews and Reports Section. In addition, the Community Section contains the summary of Sina Blassnig’s dissertation, which was awarded the 2021 Dissertation Prize of the Swiss Association of Communication and Media Research (SACM). On a sad occasion, the issue also contains an obituary of the communication and media scientist Michael Schanne.

New trends in scientific knowledge graphs and research impact assessment

New trends in scientific knowledge graphs and research impact assessment

Potential Use of Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Improving Patients with COVID-19: A Review

The SARS-CoV-2 virus is a member of the coronavirus family that caused the COVID-19 respiratory disease epidemic in China before the global pandemic of the disease in late 2019. The virus's genome is of 79% similarity to that of the SARS-CoV virus, using the ACE2 receptor to enter its target cells. The most common symptoms of this disease include fever, cough, pulmonary involvement, and sometimes gastrointestinal symptoms. A decline in both the number and function of lymphocytes and a severe increase in leukocyte inflammatory activity are among the most obvious immunological complications of this disease. If the immune system response to the virus is inadequate, the disease can become acute. Immune cells activity leads to a sharp increase in the number of blood cytokines, causing storm, which in turn can cause systematic damages to the heart, lungs, and kidneys, and ultimately may lead to death. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy offers a promising approach to reducing the destructive impacts of infection in patients with COVID-19. Mesenchymal stem cells can secrete immune-modulating factors that suppress cytokine storms. Furthermore, the role of mesenchymal stem cells in preventing cell death and inhibiting tissue fibrosis has been well demonstrated. This review shows available clinical trials that have tapped into the therapeutic potential of the umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in patients with COVID-19. *Corresponding Author: Seyed Hadi Mousavi; Email: hmousavi@tums.ac.ir; ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0163-5839 Please cite this article as: Motallebzadeh Khanmiri J, Khani-Eshratabadi M, Nasirzadeh A, Nematzade M, Talebpour M, Mousavi H. Potential Use of Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Improving Patients with COVID-19. Arch Med Lab Sci. 2021;7:1-12 (e20). https://doi.org/10.22037/amls.v7.35373

A Review on the Role of Mitochondrial DNA Mutations in Cancer

Mitochondria implement various cellular functions, including energy production through the electron transport chain by oxidative phosphorylation mechanism. These respiratory chains consist of several complexes and protein subunits which are encoded by nuclear and mitochondrial genes. Due to mutation susceptibility and repair limitation, more aberrations have occurred in mitochondrial DNA in comparison to nuclear DNA. Given the fact that mitochondrial DNA lacks introns, mutations almost occur in the coding sequence, which comprises a direct impact on its functions. Emerging evidence indicates that mutations in the mitochondrial DNA led to the production of reactive oxygen species, disrupted apoptosis, and tumor development. Studies reported various somatic and germline variants in mitochondrial DNA related to tumorigenesis. The D-loop region which is the starting point for replication and transcription of mitochondrial DNA is the most prevalent site of somatic mutations in solid tumors. The D-loop mutations also cause copy number variations which are gaining interest in studies of solid tumors including breast cancer, colon cancer, hepatocellular carcinomas, and prostate cancer. Most studies have reported a mitochondrial DNA reduction which subsequently prevents apoptosis and promotes metastasis. The mitochondrial DNA region-specific haplogroups are also involved in the sequence variations due to processes such as genetic drift and adaptive selection. This review article discusses the biology and function of mitochondria and related genes. By explanation of mitochondrial dysfunction caused by different kinds of alterations, we attempt to elucidate the role of mitochondria in tumorigenesis. Prominently published articles in this field were reviewed and the role of germline and somatic mutations of mitochondrial DNA have been investigated in common cancers. *Corresponding Author: Shirin Shahbazi; Email: sh.shahbazi@modares.ac.ir; ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7634-5350 Please cite this article as: Dahi F, Mortezanejad S, Nakhaee S, Geranpayeh L, Shahbazi S. A Review on the Role of Mitochondrial DNA Mutations in Cancer. Arch Med Lab Sci. 2021;7:1-12 (e18). https://doi.org/10.22037/amls.v7.34736

Is 18F-FDG PET/CT Beneficial for Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer Patients With Low Proportion of ER Expression?

ObjectiveIt is unclear whether the receptor status of breast malignancy or the proportion of receptors expression is useful in the interpretation of 18F-FDG PET/CT. This study’s purpose was to analyze whether 18F-FDG PET/CT was valuable for helping newly diagnosed breast cancer patients find suspected or unsuspected metastasis lesions based on the proportion of receptors expression.Materials and MethodsEighty newly diagnosed breast cancer patients were divided into six groups, containing N0 (no extraaxillary lymph node metastasis), N1 (extraaxillary lymph node metastasis), M0 (no distant metastasis), and M1 (distant metastasis) groups, C0 (no unsuspected metastasis), and C1 (unsuspected metastasis and treatment plan changed) detected by PET/CT. The main data, including the proportion of receptors ER (estrogen receptor), PR (progesterone receptor), and Her-2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) status, were extracted. Simple correlation and logistic regression were preformed to analyze the association between them.ResultsPatients in N1 group had lower proportion of ER (%) and PR (%) than that in N0 group (ER: 2 [0–80] vs. 80 [15–95]; PR: 1 [0–10] vs. 20 [0–45], p<0.001). Moreover, the proportions of ER and PR were negatively correlated with N1 (ER: [r= −0.339, p= 0.002], PR: [r= −0.247, p= 0.011]) by simple correlation. Also, patients in C1 group had lower proportion of ER (%) and PR (%) than those in C0 group (ER: 10 [0–85] vs. 80 [15–90], p=0.026; PR: 1 [0–10] vs. 20 [0–70], p=0.041), while the distribution of ER and PR between M1 and M0 group had no significant difference. After the adjustment of traditional factors, the negative correlation between the proportion of ER (OR=0.986, 95% CI of OR [0.972–0.999], p=0.016) and C1 was found by logistic regression, cutoff value was 25% (ER) calculated by ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve (AUC [Area Under Curve]= 0.647, p=0.024).ConclusionThe proportion of ER in newly diagnosed breast cancer was negatively correlated with unsuspected metastasis detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT. 18F-FDG PET/CT might be recommended for newly diagnosed breast cancer patients with single lesions when the ER expression proportion is less than 25% to find unsuspected metastasis lesions and to modify treatment plan contrasted with conventional imaging and clinical examination.

Publishing: Persistent identifiation

AbstractOrcid accurately identifies researchers, ensuring they receive proper credit for their contributions. But only 50 percent of the researchers in Germany have an Orcid ID.

Association between the Prime Diet Quality Score and depressive symptoms in a Mediterranean population with metabolic syndrome. Cross-sectional and 2-year follow-up assessment from PREDIMED-PLUS study.

The burden of depression is increasing worldwide, specifically in older adults. Unhealthy dietary patterns may partly explain this phenomenon. In the Spanish PREDIMED-Plus study, we explored (1) the cross-sectional association between the adherence to the Prime Diet Quality Score (PDQS), an a priori-defined high-quality food pattern, and the prevalence of depressive symptoms at baseline (cross-sectional analysis) and (2) the prospective association of baseline PDQS with changes in depressive symptomatology after 2 years of follow-up. After exclusions, we assessed 6612 participants in the cross-sectional analysis and 5523 participants in the prospective analysis. An energy-adjusted high-quality dietary score (PDQS) was assessed using a validated FFQ. The cross-sectional association between PDQS and the prevalence of depression or presence of depressive symptoms and the prospective changes in depressive symptoms were evaluated through multivariable regression models (logistic and linear models and mixed linear-effects models). PDQS was inversely associated with depressive status in the cross-sectional analysis. Participants in the highest quintile of PDQS (Q5) showed a significantly reduced odds of depression prevalence as compared to participants in the lowest quartile of PDQS (Q1) (OR (95 %) CI = 0·82 (0·68, 0·98))). The baseline prevalence of depression decreased across PDQS quintiles (Pfor trend = 0·015). A statistically significant association between PDQS and changes in depressive symptoms after 2-years follow-up was found (β (95 %) CI = -0·67 z-score (-1·17, -0·18). A higher PDQS was cross-sectionally related to a lower depressive status. Nevertheless, the null finding in our prospective analysis raises the possibility of reverse causality. Further prospective investigation is required to ascertain the association between PDQS and changes in depressive symptoms along time.

Pubassistant.ch: consolidating publication profiles of researchers

Online accounts to keep track of scientific publications, such as Open Researcher and Contributor ID (ORCID) or Google Scholar, can be time consuming to maintain and synchronize. Furthermore, the open access status of publications is often not easily accessible, hindering potential opening of closed publications. To lessen the burden of managing personal profiles, we developed a R shiny app that allows publication lists from multiple platforms to be retrieved and consolidated, as well as interactive exploration and comparison of publication profiles. A live version can be found at pubassistant.ch.

"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and COVID-19 in Mexico. A comprehensive Assessment"

Daniela Reyes Munguía and Melchor Alpízar-Salazar* Author Affiliations Specialized Centre for Diabetes, Obesity and Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mexico Orcid Id: 0000-0003-2033-481X Received: September 23, 2021 | Published: September 30, 2021 Corresponding author: Melchor Alpizar-Salazar, MD, PhD, FACE, Specialized Centre for Diabetes, Obesity and Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mexico City 11650, Mexico DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2021.39.006254

Study the Prevalence of Depression in Patients Attending Comprehensive Care Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan

Abstract: &#x0D; Depression is one of the most common neuropsychiatric complications of HIV disease, and this leads to worse HIV-related health outcomes. With 350 million people affected worldwide, rates of depression are roughly two times greater in people living with HIV than in the general population.&#x0D; Objective: Determine prevalence of depression in patients attending Comprehensive Care Centre Shifa international Hospital, Islamabad&#x0D; Design: Descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study. &#x0D; Settings: Shifa international Hospital, Islamabad Comprehensive Care Centre,&#x0D; Methods: This data is from a bigger study ‘prevalence of alcohol use disorders and depression in patients attending Comprehensive Care Centre (CCC). The study population consisted of PLWHA attending the CCC. Two hundred and seventy-two (N=272) participants from CCC attendants were recruited. All consenting male and female aged 18-65 years were interviewed using the researcher’s designed questioner to collect their socio-demographic characteristics. Fully completed questionnaires were entered into excel sheets and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 20. &#x0D; Results: The overall prevalence of depression was 23.8%, with mild depression at 9.7%, moderate depression at 10.4% and severe depression accounting for 3.7%, respectively. Depression was associated with alcohol use (p=0.024). A significant difference between depression and age where depression levels worsens as age advances; respondents in age category of 18-21 years had less or no depression compared to those in the age category of 33 years and above. We found an association between depression and employment. Those laid-off work (1/3), and the retired (15%) had more depression compared to the employed (11%) or self-employed 6%, with a P value of 0.55 (borderline). On multivariate analysis severity of depression (OR=5.5, 95% CI of OR [2.1 –14.3], p&lt;0.0001) was associated with male gender (OR=10, 95% CI of OR [3.6 –28.3], p&lt;0.0001).&#x0D; Conclusion: The study findings indicate a high prevalence of depressive symptoms in patients attending the CCC. There is need to set-up appropriate interventions and strategies to reduce the prevalence of mental health disorders into routine HIV clinical care and support.

Fun and Easy Georeferencing with a New Online Tool from South Africa

A new online tool for georeferencing specimen records has been developed through the Natural Science Collections Facility (NSCF) in South Africa to address the need for rapid, high quality georeferencing of specimen collections in the region (Fig. 1). A dataset of specimen records with Darwin Core fields dwc:scientificName, dwc:country, optional dwc:stateProvince, dwc:locality or dwc:verbatimLocality, optional dwc:recordedBy, and a record identifier such as dwc:occurrenceID (see dwc.tdwg.org/terms for definitions) is first uploaded into the tool and a team of georeferencers then work to georeference the dataset. Fuzzy string matching is used to group similar locality strings and to search for potential matching georeferences from a georeference database. The tool aims to improve efficiency by storing georeferenced localities so that they can be reused when the same locality is encountered again in other datasets. Thus, a locality only needs to be georeferenced once, and that georeference is reused for any other permutations of that locality string. A georeference includes the most important metadata from the Darwin Core standard: a measure of uncertainty, dwc:georeferenceDate, dwc:georeferencedBy, dwc:georeferenceProtocol, dwc:georeferenceSources, and the all too often neglected dwc:geodeticDatum. dwc:georeferencedByID is included for recording the ORCID iD of the georeferencer to facilitate attribution further down the data publication pipeline. In theory, the process of georeferencing should become more efficient with time as the georeference database grows. The georeferencing process is gamified by showing each georeferencer their own numbers of georeferenced records as they work, and they can see activity of fellow georeferencers as the dataset statistics update in real time. Dataset owners can also see overall progress with the dataset and numbers of records georeferenced by each team member, which may be useful for management purposes. Once a dataset is completed, it is downloaded with the new georeferences so these can be incorporated back into the original source database. Within the landscape of currently available georeferencing tools the system presented here is specifically placed to facilitate the management of the georeferencing process for a dataset by a team of georeferencers. The georeferencing workflow still requires a full suite of tools for finding coordinates for localities, such as a GIS, gazetteers and online resources, as well as a specific georeferencing protocol. It essentially replaces the use of spreadsheets for doing georeferencing, or doing georeferences directly in a collection database, which can be inefficient. Related to this, it includes a quality assurance process whereby georeferences are checked for correctness and adherence to the protocol being used, and for identifying geographic and environmental outliers for each species within the dataset. In this way the tool supports current workflows and best practices for georeferencing (e.g. Chapman and Wieczorek (2020), Zermoglio et al. (2020)). The technology stack includes Firebase as the primary database, ElasticSearch for fuzzy string matching, and the user interface is built with the modern Javascript framework Svelte. The tool has been in use by the NSCF since April 2021 after being populated with approximately 300 000 existing georeferences for southern Africa from various sources, including the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) Gazetteer and several collections databases. While initial emphasis in developing the tool has focussed on southern Africa, the tool can be extended to other regions easily. Please contact data@nscf.org.za for further information.

Masked hypertension risk as condition of arterial stiffness in cardiovascular risk patients: a pilot single-stage screening observational study

Background. Masked arterial hypertension (MAH) is associated with asymptomatic injury of both heart and kidneys. Links between MAH and arterial stiffness are unclear, with debates ongoing on their mutual causative relation. Research into the arterial stiffness contribution to MAH development is a perspective area of cardiology.Objectives. The MAH risk assessment as a condition of arterial stiffness in patients at cardiovascular risk (CVR) without a verified cardiovascular disease (CVD).Methods. A single-stage screening observational study included a total of 92 CVR patients without a verified cardiovascular disease. The trial conducted general clinical examination, daily blood pressure monitoring (DBPM), volumetric sphygmoplethysmography with reading cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI1), aortic and carotid artery pulse wave velocity (PWV), carotid-femoral PWV (CFV) and augmentation index.Results. Patients were assigned in two cohorts by MAH presence, the primary MAH (58; 63.0%) and normal BP in DBPM (34; 37.0% patients) cohorts. The cohorts did not discord by age, major CVR factors, comorbidity or clinical profile. Men prevailed over women in the MAH cohort (p = 0.028). The cohorts had similar CFV, aortic PWV and augmentation index. Carotid PWV was higher in the MAH cohort both in mean values and elevation rate (p = 0.002 and p = 0.035, respectively). OR and HR were 3.29 and 2.35 (95% CI for OR 1.08–10.49, HR 1.05– 6.02), respectively. MAH was associated with increased CAVI1 for mean values and CAVI1 &gt; 8 incidence rate (p = 0.010 and 0.049, respectively); OR 3.29 (95% CI 1.00–11.41), HR 2.46 (95% CI 1.00–7.10). Correlation analysis revealed a moderate direct dependence between the MAH presence and elevation rate of C-PWV (Q = 0.53) and CAVI1 &gt; 8 (Q = 0.53).Conclusion. The risk of MAH development in CVR patients is both gender and arterial stiffness-dependent. MAH development is associated with increased CAVI1 and carotid PWV.

Participation Reports help Crossref members drive research further

This article aims to explain the key metadata elements listed in Participation Reports, why it’s important to check them regularly, and how Crossref members can improve their scores. Crossref members register a lot of metadata in Crossref. That metadata is machine-readable, standardized, and then shared across discovery services and author tools. This is important because richer metadata makes content more discoverable and useful to the scholarly community. It’s not always easy to know what metadata Crossref members register in Crossref. This is why Crossref created an easy-to-use tool called Participation Reports to show editors, and researchers the key metadata elements Crossref members register to make their content more useful. The key metadata elements include references and whether they are set to open, ORCID iDs, funding information, Crossmark metadata, licenses, full-text URLs for text-mining, and Similarity Check indexing, as well as abstracts. ROR IDs (Research Organization Registry Identifiers), that identify institutions will be added in the future. This data was always available through the Crossref ’s REST API (Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interface) but is now visualized in Participation Reports. To improve scores, editors should encourage authors to submit ORCIDs in their manuscripts and publishers should register as much metadata as possible to help drive research further.

Impacts of Researcher Profiles

In today's competitive landscape, researcher need to be recognized. Researcher profiles or author identifiers are a solution. Theses profiles often connected to an online profile to increase the visibility of their works, also ensure that their identity and their research have not been confused with other researchers with same names. By using researcher profiles, authors can build their online presence and create a persistent author identifier, increase their research impact, track and measure the impact of their research. Authors can keep their name and affiliations updated These profiles can categorize into (1-7): Engine profiles such as Google Scholar Citations and Microsoft Academic. Indexing Database based Author identifiers such as Scopus Author Identifier (Elsevier), Researcher ID on Publons (Clarivate). Author identifiers such as Open Researcher and Contributor ID (ORCID), Semantic scholar. Social networks for researchers such as Research Gate, Academia.edu.

Evaluation of OxPL Levels in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background and Aim: Coronary ectasia is one of the prevalent cardiovascular diseases worldwide. It causes many deaths annually ranged between 9% to 10% which is dependent on related risk factors. The main pathogenesis has not been determined yet; however, it has been shown, that increased lipid profiles and their oxidation in patients can cause endothelial cell dysfunction and thrombosis. Therefore, here we investigated the oxidized phospholipids (OxPLs) role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in Shariati Hospital, Tehran. Accordingly, patients with coronary artery angiography indications (n=360) were included and classified into one of the following three groups, based on the angiographic results: 1) normal coronary artery (not dysfunction in vessels) or mild CAD (only intimal irregularity or less than 3% narrowing without ectasia); 2) vessel dilation more than 1.5 times compared to the normal part of the vessel or compared to the normal size according to age and gender in one or more coronary vessels; and 3) patients with more than 50% stenosis in one of the coronary arteries. The peripheral blood was collected from patients in EDTA anticoagulants container tubes and the OxPL level was measured using an ELISA kit. Results: The results showed that the amount of OxPL in the third and second groups was higher than in the first group. It was also found that hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, and smoking were higher in the third and second groups; all mentioned findings were statistically significant (p-value <0.05). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, it was shown that an increase in OxPL in patients with coronary ectasia can be considered as a risk factor for disease progression; OxPL measurement can be used to identify high-risk individuals. *Corresponding Author: Seyed Abdolhussein Tabatabaei; Email: tabatabaeiseyedah@gmailcom; ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5091-6066 Please cite this article as: Nikdoust F, Lashkari Zadeh F, Tabatabaei SA. Evaluation of OxPL Levels in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography: A Cross-Sectional Study. Arch Med Lab Sci. 2021;7:1-6 (e12). https://doi.org/10.22037/amls.v7.34602

The effect of Ag-NPs-Menthol on the Expression of Metalloproteinase in A Model-Like Osteoarthritis

Background and Aim: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes dysfunction of cartilage and joints. Activation of the immune system and the development of inflammatory responses are among the main pathogenesis of the disease. Recently, it has been shown that the expression of Matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) in patients is increased and leads to the destruction of cartilage in the joints of patients. The introduction of Nanoparticles (NPs) has transformed many fields like medicine, nutrition, and electronics. The usage of nanotechnology in medicine particularly for drug delivery is revealed to have numerous benefits. Therefore, in this study, for the first time, we evaluated the use of Menthol and silver nanoparticles on the expression of MMPs type 1, 3, 9 and 13 in OA models. Methods: BFLS cells were first incubated with LPS to induce inflammation. Then, the expression of MMPs type 1, 2, 3, and 9 was evaluated using RT-PCR, ELISA, and migration and invasion assay. This work, therefore, was aimed to synthesize Menthol-mediated silver nanoparticles and evaluate their anti-inflammatory activity. Menthol mediated silver nanoparticles were synthesized by short-term (1 day) interaction of Menthol (1 mL) with 2mM AgNO3 solution and centrifuged to obtain silver nanoparticles. Further, the menthol mediated AgNPs were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity by in vitro method. Results: The results showed that the expression of MMPs in LPS-treated cells and silver menthol nanoparticles was decreased compared to LPS-treated cells. In addition, it was shown that menthol silver nanoparticles had the greatest reduction in MMP9 expression and reduced their migration and invasion. Conclusion: It can be said that the use of menthol silver nanoparticles can be used as a supplement along with corticosteroid and anti-inflammatory drugs and even to replace them for the treatment of OA patients, which requires further studies in the future. *Corresponding Author: Hossein Maghsoudi; Email: h.maghsoudi@pnu.ac.ir; ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1524-6420 Please cite this article as: Ahmadi M, Maghsoudi H, Bakhshi Khaniki G, Haj Hosseini R. The effect of Ag-NPs-Menthol on the Expression of Metalloproteinase in the Model-Like Osteoarthritis. Arch Med Lab Sci. 2021;7:1-13 (e11). https://doi.org/10.22037/amls.v7.34925

Fall Risk Analysis: Implications For Exercise Prescription Among Older Adults

Americans over the age of 65 are at a higher risk of falls. After falling, they commonly experience decreases in functionality, independence, and quality of life. In ACSM's Guidelines of Exercise Testing and Prescription, older adults are recommended to participate in aerobic exercise 5 days a week, supplemented with 2 days of flexibility and resistance training. We propose additional considerations may be required for adults who have previously experienced a fall. PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of past falls on likelihood and incidence of future falls among older adults. METHODS: We evaluated 615 patients consecutively admitted in a single year to a Level 1 trauma center for a fall-related injury. All patients were ≥ 65 years of age. We conducted a retrospective analysis to determine the number of previous admissions for fall-related injuries over a 5-year period, and we tracked patients prospectively, recording the number of additional falls experienced for 8 months. We estimated the odds that a patient would experience a future fall using logistic regression and the number of future falls experienced with negative binomial regression. The primary predictor was number of previous falls; we held constant admission month, cognitive decline, and medication use associated with compromised balance. RESULTS: Patients were 80.0 ± 9.1 years old, 71.9% were female, they had 1.9 ± 1.3 previous fall-related injuries, and they sustained 0.5 ± 0.9 falls during the tracking period. With confounders held constant, each additional previous fall predicted a 3.9-fold increase in the odds of experiencing a future fall (p < 0.001; 95% CI of OR: 3.131 to 4.961); the overall model was significant (p < 0.001; pseudo R2 = 0.460). Age (p = 0.351) and sex (p = 0.236) were not significant predictors. Holding the same confounders constant, negative binomial regression found each additional previous fall to predict a 94.9% increase in the number of future falls (p < 0.001; 95% CI of IRR: 1.728 to 2.198); age (p = 0.283) and sex (p = 0.163) were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight the importance of screening older adults for a history of falls prior to exercise prescription. For clients and patients who report experiencing a fall, it may be prudent to incorporate safe forms of balance and stability training.

Fitness Testing Frequency Differs Between Sexes And Across Sports In A Division 1 Athletics Program

In college athletics programs, individual sports differ widely in resources, attendance, and publicity. Few investigations have examined whether these inter-sport differences influence the individual attention athletes receive by strength trainers and coaching staff. PURPOSE: To examine if athletes across diverse sports in a Division 1 athletics program experience comparable fitness testing. METHODS: We tracked comprehensive fitness assessments undergone by 114 Division 1 collegiate athletes representing 6 men's sports (baseball, basketball, soccer, swimming, tennis, and water polo) and 7 women's sports (basketball, field hockey, soccer, swimming, track and field, volleyball, and water polo). Independent-samples t-tests, chi-squared tests, logistic regression, and one-way ANOVA were used, as appropriate, to compare testing frequencies between men and women and across sports. RESULTS: Men (n = 82) were 19.9 ± 1.4 years old; women (n = 32) were 20.1 ± 1.7 years old (p = 0.696); age was unrelated to testing frequency (p = 0.569). Most fitness assessments (71.9%) occurred during fall semester; there was no difference between sexes in time of testing (p = 0.351); a difference was observed between sports (p < 0.001) with testing dates tracking each sport's season of participation. A single fitness evaluation was experienced by 50.0% of all athletes, the maximum number of testing dates by a single athlete was 32, and the mean number was 3.4 ± 4.6. Men were tested 3.9 ± 5.1 times; women were tested 2.1 ± 2.6 times (p = 0.014). 55.4% of men underwent multiple testing dates compared to 35.5% of women (p = 0.058). Logistic regression, holding sex and sport constant, found each additional inch of height to predict a 12.4% increase in the odds of undergoing multiple tests (p = 0.044; 95% CI of OR: 1.003 to 1.259). One-way ANOVA revealed a difference in testing frequencies between sports (p < 0.001): men's tennis (10.4 ± 8.6), men's basketball (5.0 ± 2.2), and women's volleyball (4.1 ± 8.3) had the most frequently evaluated athletes. CONCLUSIONS: The variance in attention received by collegiate athletes is multifactorial. Some factors that emerged in this study were sex of the athlete and sport the athlete plays. Inconsistency in team fitness assessment may demonstrate performance priorities in collegiate athletic programs.

Exploring the Severity of Craniomaxillofacial Injuries From Horseback Riding.

The purpose of our study is to assess the severity of craniomaxillofacial injuries from horseback-riding accidents. This is a 20-year retrospective cross-sectional study of the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System. Injuries from the activity of horseback-riding were included if they occurred in the craniomaxillofacial complex. Study predictors were derived from both patient and injury characteristics. The study outcome was the presence or absence (probability) of hospital admission from the emergency department. A multiple logistic regression model was created to model the odds of admission using all significant univariate predictors. The final sample consisted of 6730 patients. The decrease in horseback riding injuries from 2000 to 2019 was significant (P = 0.042).The mean age of the sample was 27.80 years (range: 2-91 years). Gender-wise, females composed the majority of injured horseback riders (71.9%). Over two-thirds of the sample consisted of White patients (68.1%). Over three-fourths of the injuries occurred in the head (80.9%), rendering it the most frequently injured region of the craniomaxillofacial complex. The most common primary diagnoses were internal organ injury (40.2%). On univariate analysis, the admission rates were significantly associated with gender (P < 0.01), age group (P < 0.01), body part injured (P < 0.01), diagnosis (P < 0.01), location of injury (P < 0.01) and mechanism of injury (P < 0.05). Relative to young adults, children (odds ratio [OR], 1.579; 95% OR confidence interval [CI] [1.31, 1.91]; P < 0.01), adults (OR, 1.857; 95% OR CI [1.55, 2.22]; P < 0.01), and seniors (OR, 3.738; 95% OR CI [2.73, 5.12]; P < 0.01) were each independently associated with an increased odds of admission. Relative to the mouth, the head had 4.8 odds of admission (P < 0.01) and the face had 2.5 odds of admission (P < 0.01). Relative to contusions/abrasion, concussions (OR, 3.542; 95% OR CI [2.28, 5.49]; P < 0.01) and internal organ injuries (OR, 9.020; 95% OR CI [5.90, 13.79]; P < 0.01), lacerations (OR, 1.946; 95% OR CI [1.17, 3.24]; P < 0.05), and fractures (OR, 32.068; 95% OR CI [20.53, 50.09]; P < 0.01) were each independently associated with increased odds of admission relative to contusions. Direct trauma from a horse (OR, 1.422; 95% OR CI [1.06, 1.91]; P < 0.05) was associated with independently increased odds of admission relative to other injuries. Injuries that took place in a farm (OR, 1.617; 95% OR CI [1.25, 2.09]; P < 0.01) and a street (OR, 2.735; 95% OR CI [1.83, 4.09]; P < 0.01) were each independently associated with increased odds of admission. Finally, relative to females, males (OR, 1.374; 95% OR CI [1.20, 1.57]; P < 0.01) were independently associated with increased odds of admission. Many variables contribute to the chance of hospital admission from horseback riding. Fractures seem to be the leading risk factor for hospital admission, therefore, future study may look into how to reduce the incidence of fractures through the employment of more protective equipment than helmets for horseback riders.

The Effect of Chemotherapy in Gestational Trophoblastic Disease on Infertility: A Review on Pathophysiologic Mechanism

Today, young women infertility through chemotherapy has become a global challenge. Chemotherapy destructs the malignant cells by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and inflammatory factors secretion; these factors can also destruct the ovarian and uterine cells. Infertility usually happens as a result of ovarian and uterine cells apoptosis, as well as dysfunction in these organs. Signaling pathways activated by chemotherapy lead to increased activation of follicles and depletion of the follicular pool. In addition, excessive secretion of sex hormones leads to follicles activation and infertility in women. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) use have been reported to be a great help in restoring the function of ovarian and uterine cells. On the other hand, they can regulate sex hormone secretion. Finally, the use of MSCs as a suitable treatment strategy can help restore the function of reproductive cells and treat infertility. *Corresponding Author: Maryam Ebrahimi; ORCID iD: 0000 0001 9685 7882; Email: drmkhoddami@yahoo.com Please cite this article as: Eslamnik P, Moghaddasi M, Malmir A, Sadeghi-Goughari B, Javan MR, Ebrahimi M. The Effect of Chemotherapy in Gestational Trophoblastic Disease on Infertility: A Review on Pathophysiologic Mechanism. Arch Med Lab Sci. 2021;7:1-8 (e8). https://doi.org/10.22037/amls.v7.34369