Two new species of Chusquea, C. albilanata from Colombia and Ecuador, and C. repens from Mexico, are described and illustrated; two subspecies are recognized within C. repens. A complete description of C. lehmannii, a common species of the upper montane forests and subpáramos in southern Colombia and Ecuador, is provided, and two subspecies are formally recognized. Guadua velutina from central and eastern Mexico is described and illustrated; this species represents the northernmost extension of the genus.